Learned Helplessness: An Alternative Explanation for Performance Deficits<sup />

Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.

1966 • 21,432 citations

Research in Organizational Behavior

1984 • 12,263 citations

The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations.

1958 • 12,235 citations

The psychology of interpersonal relations.

1958 • 12,175 citations

Motivation through the design of work: test of a theory

1976 • 7,982 citations

Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation.

1978 • 6,706 citations

Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death

1975 • 6,201 citations

Organization and environment

1967 • 5,425 citations

The management of innovation

1961 • 5,056 citations

The Management of Innovation

1994 • 4,022 citations

Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior

1987 • 3,755 citations

Organizational Stress: Studies in Role Conflict and Ambiguity.

1965 • 3,000 citations

Self-serving biases in the attribution of causality: Fact or fiction?

1975 • 2,467 citations

A theory of motivation for some classroom experiences.

1979 • 2,391 citations

Toward a theory of task motivation and incentives

1968 • 2,345 citations

Failure to escape traumatic shock.

1967 • 1,860 citations

Organizational Stress: Studies in Role Conflict and Ambiguity.

1965 • 1,792 citations

On the Folly of Rewarding A, While Hoping for B.

1975 • 1,580 citations

Effects of inescapable shock upon subsequent escape and avoidance responding.

1967 • 1,162 citations

Attribution of success and failure revisited, or: The motivational bias is alive and well in attribution theory

1979 • 1,138 citations

Personality and organization

1957 • 916 citations

Generality of learned helplessness in man.

1975 • 865 citations

Alienation and Freedom: The Factory Worker and His Industry

1965 • 787 citations

Learned helplessness and reinforcement responsibility in children.

1973 • 784 citations

Perceiving the Causes of Success and Failure

1989 • 645 citations

Locus of control and learned helplessness.

1974 • 620 citations

A Review of Research on the Application of Goal Setting in Organizations.

1975 • 564 citations

Organizational Alienation: A Comparative Analysis

1966 • 547 citations

Attributional processes of leaders in leader—Member interactions

1979 • 476 citations

Sex Effects on Evaluation

1980 • 445 citations

An analysis of learned helplessness: II. The processing of success.

1980 • 427 citations

Helplessness, stress level, and the coronary-prone behavior pattern

1974 • 344 citations

Industrial Organization

2012 • 328 citations

Vicarious Learning: The Influence of Modeling on Organizational Behavior

1981 • 324 citations

An analysis of learned helplessness: II. The processing of success.

1980 • 303 citations

Insomnia and the attribution process.

1970 • 301 citations

Learned helplessness in humans: A review and attribution-theory model.

1979 • 284 citations

A Social Learning Approach to Organizational Behavior

1980 • 272 citations

Supervisor's responses to subordinate poor performance: A test of an attributional model

1980 • 268 citations

Deprivation of control and the attribution process.

1980 • 240 citations

Effects of noncontingent reinforcement on tasks of differing importance: Facilitation and learned helplessness.

1975 • 238 citations

Poor performance following unsolvable problems: Learned helplessness or egotism?

1978 • 238 citations

Sex differences in learned helplessness: I. Differential debilitation with peer and adult evaluators.

1976 • 235 citations

Reversal of performance deficits and perceptual deficits in learned helplessness and depression.

1976 • 233 citations

Relationships between causal attributions and expectancy of success.

1973 • 221 citations

Valence of outcome and expectation of success in relation to task difficulty and perceived locus of control.

1967 • 197 citations

Task Design: A Literature Review

1976 • 165 citations

Learned helplessness in human subjects.

1971 • 142 citations

Effects of experimentally induced expectancies of external control: An investigation of learned helplessness.

1974 • 122 citations

Perceptual Measures of Task Characteristics: The Biasing Effects of Differing Frames of Reference and Job Attitudes.

1980 • 118 citations

The effects of goal difficulty on performance: A field experiment

1966 • 115 citations

LEARNED HELPLESSNESS, DEPRESSION, AND ANXIETY

1975 • 103 citations

Physiological correlates of learned helplessness in man.

1976 • 96 citations

A dimensional analysis of the perceived causes of success and failure

1972 • 77 citations

A Three Sample Test of Some Extensions to the Job Characteristics Model of Work Motivation.

1980 • 71 citations

Influences of sex roles on the development of learned helplessness.

1979 • 68 citations

Task Design and Employee MotivationAldagRamon J.BriefArthur P.. Task Design and Employee Motivation (Glenview, III.: Scott, Foresman, 1979) 151 pp., $6.95.

1979 • 66 citations

The Mythology of Management Compensation

1966 • 50 citations

Task Design and Employee Motivation

1979 • 48 citations

Immunization against learned helplessness in man.

1977 • 46 citations

Immunization against learned helplessness in man.

1977 • 34 citations

Vicarious acquisition of learned helplessness.

1978 • 31 citations

Learned helplessness in humans: An analysis of learning processes and the roles of individual and situational differences.

1980 • 29 citations

Immunization to and Alleviation of Learned Helplessness in Man

1974 • 26 citations

Relationships of Personality to Perceptual and Behavioral Responses in Stimulating and Nonstimulating Tasks.

1980 • 18 citations

Situational Determinants of Supervisor Attributions and Behavior.

1979 • 14 citations

Relationships among ratings, production, efficiency, and the General Aptitude Test Battery scales in an industrial setting.

1973 • 12 citations

Have we underestimated the facilitative effects of failure?

1978 • 8 citations