Cathelicidins: microbicidal activity, mechanisms of action, and roles in innate immunity

Chemokines

2000 • 3,773 citations

Magainins, a class of antimicrobial peptides from Xenopus skin: isolation, characterization of two active forms, and partial cDNA sequence of a precursor.

1987 • 2,216 citations

Peptide Antibiotics and Their Role in Innate Immunity

1995 • 1,602 citations

Cationic peptides: a new source of antibiotics

1998 • 1,322 citations

Ll-37, the Neutrophil Granule–And Epithelial Cell–Derived Cathelicidin, Utilizes Formyl Peptide Receptor–Like 1 (Fprl1) as a Receptor to Chemoattract Human Peripheral Blood Neutrophils, Monocytes, and T Cells

2000 • 1,219 citations

Peptide Antibiotics

1999 • 1,116 citations

Peptide antibiotics

1997 • 1,035 citations

Defensins: Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Peptides of Mammalian Cells

1993 • 986 citations

Human cathelicidin, hCAP-18, is processed to the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by extracellular cleavage with proteinase 3

2001 • 867 citations

Mode of action of linear amphipathic α-helical antimicrobial peptides

1998 • 810 citations

Activities of LL-37, a Cathelin-Associated Antimicrobial Peptide of Human Neutrophils

1998 • 769 citations

The human antimicrobial and chemotactic peptides LL-37 and α-defensins are expressed by specific lymphocyte and monocyte populations

2000 • 740 citations

The peptide antibiotic LL-37/hCAP-18 is expressed in epithelia of the human lung where it has broad antimicrobial activity at the airway surface

1998 • 732 citations

Cathelicidins: a novel protein family with a common proregion and a variable C‐terminal antimicrobial domain

1995 • 714 citations

Conformation-dependent Antibacterial Activity of the Naturally Occurring Human Peptide LL-37

1998 • 634 citations

Human CAP18: a novel antimicrobial lipopolysaccharide-binding protein

1995 • 566 citations

PEPTIDES AS WEAPONS AGAINST MICROORGANISMS IN THE CHEMICAL DEFENSE SYSTEM OF VERTEBRATES

1995 • 562 citations

The Human Gene FALL39 and Processing of the Cathelin Precursor to the Antibacterial Peptide LL‐37 in Granulocytes

1996 • 556 citations

Cutaneous Injury Induces the Release of Cathelicidin Anti-Microbial Peptides Active Against Group A Streptococcus

2001 • 551 citations

Structure and organization of the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in phospholipid membranes: relevance to the molecular basis for its non-cell-selective activity

1999 • 544 citations

Indolicidin, a novel bactericidal tridecapeptide amide from neutrophils.

1992 • 530 citations

Mechanisms of action on Escherichia coli of cecropin P1 and PR-39, two antibacterial peptides from pig intestine

1993 • 528 citations

FALL-39, a putative human peptide antibiotic, is cysteine-free and expressed in bone marrow and testis.

1995 • 499 citations

Protegrins: leukocyte antimicrobial peptides that combine features of corticostatic defensins and tachyplesins

1993 • 497 citations

Mode of Action of the Antimicrobial Peptide Indolicidin

1996 • 452 citations

Downregulation of bactericidal peptides in enteric infections: A novel immune escape mechanism with bacterial DNA as a potential regulator

2001 • 425 citations

Mechanism of antimicrobial action of indolicidin

1998 • 416 citations

Identification of CRAMP, a Cathelin-related Antimicrobial Peptide Expressed in the Embryonic and Adult Mouse

1997 • 406 citations

PR39, a peptide regulator of angiogenesis

2000 • 383 citations

Protegrin-1: a broad-spectrum, rapidly microbicidal peptide with in vivo activity

1997 • 377 citations

Syndecans, cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, are induced by a proline-rich antimicrobial peptide from wounds.

1994 • 364 citations

Antibiotic magainins exert cytolytic activity against transformed cell lines through channel formation.

1991 • 361 citations

Bactericidal Activity of Mammalian Cathelicidin-Derived Peptides

2000 • 357 citations

The Human Antibacterial Cathelicidin, hCAP-18, Is Synthesized in Myelocytes and Metamyelocytes and Localized to Specific Granules in Neutrophils

1997 • 356 citations

Interaction of the Cyclic Antimicrobial Cationic Peptide Bactenecin with the Outer and Cytoplasmic Membrane

1999 • 353 citations

The Human Cationic Antimicrobial Protein (hCAP18), a Peptide Antibiotic, Is Widely Expressed in Human Squamous Epithelia and Colocalizes with Interleukin-6

1999 • 351 citations

Amino acid sequence of PR‐39

1991 • 343 citations

Synergistic and additive killing by antimicrobial factors found in human airway surface liquid

2000 • 340 citations

hCAP‐18, a cathelin/pro‐bactenecin‐like protein of human neutrophil specific granules

1995 • 339 citations

Purification, composition, and activity of two bactenecins, antibacterial peptides of bovine neutrophils

1989 • 295 citations

Antimicrobial Peptides as Mediators of Epithelial Host Defense

1999 • 277 citations

Cutting Edge: Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides Block the Binding of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to LPS Binding Protein

2000 • 275 citations

Participation of mammalian defensins and cathelicidins in anti-microbial immunity: receptors and activities of human defensins and cathelicidin (LL-37)

2001 • 274 citations

Structure and bactericidal activity of an antibiotic dodecapeptide purified from bovine neutrophils.

1988 • 272 citations

Cell‐free immunity in Cecropia

1991 • 265 citations

Endothelial NADPH Oxidase as the Source of Oxidants in Lungs Exposed to Ischemia or High K ⁺

1998 • 265 citations

Structural features and biological activities of the cathelicidin‐derived antimicrobial peptides

2000 • 257 citations

Solution structure of protegrin-1, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide from porcine leukocytes

1996 • 255 citations

Biological Characterization of Two Novel Cathelicidin-derived Peptides and Identification of Structural Requirements for Their Antimicrobial and Cell Lytic Activities

1996 • 252 citations

The Human Cationic Antimicrobial Protein (hCAP-18) Is Expressed in the Epithelium of Human Epididymis, Is Present in Seminal Plasma at High Concentrations, and Is Attached to Spermatozoa

2000 • 227 citations

Gene‐Encoded Peptide Antibiotics and the Concept of Innate Immunity: An Update Review

1998 • 219 citations

Biochemical and Antibacterial Analysis of Human Wound and Blister Fluid

1996 • 216 citations

Structure and Mechanism of Action of an Indolicidin Peptide Derivative with Improved Activity against Gram-positive Bacteria

2001 • 213 citations

Antimicrobial peptides of phagocytes and epithelia

1997 • 209 citations

SMAP‐29: a potent antibacterial and antifungal peptide from sheep leukocytes

1999 • 206 citations

Rapid membrane permeabilization and inhibition of vital functions of gram-negative bacteria by bactenecins

1990 • 199 citations

Amino acid sequences of two proline-rich bactenecins. Antimicrobial peptides of bovine neutrophils.

1990 • 194 citations

Anti-HIV-1 activity of indolicidin, an antimicrobial peptide from neutrophils

1998 • 190 citations

PR-39, a proline-rich antibacterial peptide that inhibits phagocyte NADPH oxidase activity by binding to Src homology 3 domains of p47 phox.

1996 • 188 citations

Apoptosis and the maintenance of homoeostasis in the immune system

1996 • 178 citations

Improvement of outer membrane-permeabilizing and lipopolysaccharide-binding activities of an antimicrobial cationic peptide by C-terminal modification

1994 • 165 citations

Antibacterial Components in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid from Healthy Individuals and Sarcoidosis Patients

1999 • 165 citations

Porcine polymorphonuclear leukocytes generate extracellular microbicidal activity by elastase-mediated activation of secreted proprotegrins

1997 • 155 citations

Expression of mammalian defensin genes

2000 • 155 citations

Proteolytic cleavage by neutrophil elastase converts inactive storage proforms to antibacterial bactenecins

1992 • 155 citations

Primary structure of a new cysteine proteinase inhibitor from pig leucocytes

1989 • 152 citations

Bilayer Interactions of Indolicidin, a Small Antimicrobial Peptide Rich in Tryptophan, Proline, and Basic Amino Acids

1997 • 151 citations

A novel granulocyte-derived peptide with lipopolysaccharide-neutralizing activity.

1994 • 147 citations

Liposomal entrapment of the neutrophil-derived peptide indolicidin endows it with in vivo antifungal activity

1995 • 145 citations

Bactenecins, defense polypeptides of bovine neutrophils, are generated from precursor molecules stored in the large granules.

1990 • 145 citations

Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Mediated by Two Peptides of Innate Immunity

1998 • 145 citations

Intramolecular Disulfide Bonds Enhance the Antimicrobial and Lytic Activities of Protegrins at Physiological Sodium Chloride Concentrations

1996 • 141 citations

Antimicrobial peptides and proteins in the innate defense of the airway surface

2001 • 140 citations

Structure and Biology of Cathelicidins

2002 • 139 citations

Chemoattractant properties of PR-39, a neutrophil antibacterial peptide

1997 • 135 citations

Evolutionary diversification of the mammalian defensins

1999 • 132 citations

The cDNA of the neutrophil antibiotic Bac5 predicts a pro-sequence homologous to a cysteine proteinase inhibitor that is common to other neutrophil antibiotics.

1993 • 130 citations

In vitro activity of the antimicrobial peptides human and rabbit defensins and porcine leukocyte protegrin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

1996 • 127 citations

Endogenous Vertebrate Antibiotics

1996 • 126 citations

Complementary DNA sequence of rabbit CAP18—A unique lipopolysaccharide binding protein

1991 • 126 citations

Change in membrane permeability induced by protegrin 1: implication of disulphide bridges for pore formation

1996 • 125 citations

Seminalplasmin—an antimicrobial protein from bovine seminal plasma which acts in E. coli by specific inhibition of rRNA synthesis

1979 • 123 citations

Structure of the gene for porcine peptide antibiotic PR-39, a cathelin gene family member: comparative mapping of the locus for the human peptide antibiotic FALL-39.

1995 • 123 citations

Porcine antimicrobial peptides: New prospects for ancient molecules of host defense

2000 • 123 citations

Localization and genomic organization of sheep antimicrobial peptide genes

1998 • 121 citations

Protective Effects of a Human 18-Kilodalton Cationic Antimicrobial Protein (CAP18)-Derived Peptide against Murine Endotoxemia

1998 • 118 citations

Improved Derivatives of Bactenecin, a Cyclic Dodecameric Antimicrobial Cationic Peptide

1999 • 116 citations

Purification and Properties of Proline-Rich Antimicrobial Peptides from Sheep and Goat Leukocytes

1999 • 116 citations

The Human Antibacterial Cathelicidin, hCAP-18, Is Bound to Lipoproteins in Plasma

1999 • 114 citations

Chemical synthesis and biological activity of a novel antibacterial peptide deduced from a pig myeloid cDNA

1994 • 111 citations

PR-39, a Syndecan-inducing Antimicrobial Peptide, Binds and Affects p130Cas

1998 • 108 citations

Porcine Epithelial β-Defensin 1 Is Expressed in the Dorsal Tongue at Antimicrobial Concentrations

1999 • 108 citations

cDNA sequences of three sheep myeloid cathelicidins

1995 • 105 citations

Susceptibility of Chlamydia trachomatis to protegrins and defensins

1996 • 105 citations

Identification of a new member of the protegrin family by cDNA cloning

1994 • 103 citations

In-vitro activity of cationic peptides alone and in combination with clinically used antimicrobial agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

1999 • 101 citations

Regulation of Cathelicidin Gene Expression: Induction by Lipopolysaccharide, Interleukin-6, Retinoic Acid, and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection

2000 • 100 citations

Identification and characterization of a primary antibacterial domain in CAP18, a lipopolysaccharide binding protein from rabbit leukocytes

1994 • 97 citations

Structural organization of the bovine cathelicidin gene family and identification of a novel member¹

1997 • 97 citations

Prophenin‐1, an exceptionally proline‐rich antimicrobial peptide from porcine leukocytes

1995 • 97 citations

Molecular cloning and chemical synthesis of a novel antibacterial peptide derived from pig myeloid cells.

1994 • 96 citations

Synthesis of Protegrin-Related Peptides and Their Antibacterial and Anti-human Immunodeficiency Virus Activity.

1995 • 96 citations

Stimulus-induced maturation of probactenecins, precursors of neutrophil antimicrobial polypeptides.

1991 • 95 citations

PMAP-37, a Novel Antibacterial Peptide from Pig Myeloid Cells. cDNA Cloning, Chemical Synthesis and Activity

1995 • 91 citations

The structure of porcine protegrin genes

1995 • 90 citations

Molecular analysis of the sheep cathelin family reveals a novel antimicrobial peptide

1995 • 85 citations

A cDNA Derived from Pig Bone Marrow Cells Predicts a Sequence Identical to the Intestinal Antibacterial Peptide PR-39

1993 • 84 citations

The antibacterial action of protamine: evidence for disruption of cytoplasmic membrane energization in Salmonella typhimurium

1996 • 84 citations

Antibacterial 15-kDa protein isoforms (p15s) are members of a novel family of leukocyte proteins.

1993 • 82 citations

Structures of genes for two cathelin‐associated antimicrobial peptides: prophenin‐2 and PR‐39

1995 • 82 citations

Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to protegrins

1996 • 80 citations

PR-39, a potent neutrophil inhibitor, attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice

2000 • 76 citations

In Vitro Activities of Membrane-Active Peptides against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria

1998 • 74 citations

CDNA cloning of the neutrophil bactericidal peptide indolicidin

1992 • 74 citations

Novel cathelicidins in horse leukocytes

1999 • 73 citations

Purification and Structural Characterization of Bovine Cathelicidins, Precursors of Antimicrobial Peptides

1996 • 71 citations

Chemotactic and protease‐inhibiting activities of antibiotic peptide precursors

1993 • 70 citations

cDNA sequence analysis of an antibiotic dodecapeptide from neutrophils

1992 • 70 citations

The Role of Protegrins and Other Elastase-Activated Polypeptides in the Bactericidal Properties of Porcine Inflammatory Fluids

1998 • 70 citations

Activity of Protegrins against Yeast-Phase Candida albicans

1998 • 70 citations

Antimicrobial Peptides as Agents of Mucosal Immunity

2007 • 69 citations

Protegrin structure and activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae

1997 • 67 citations

Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Lipopolysaccharide-Neutralizing Effects of a Synthetic CAP18 Fragment againstPseudomonas aeruginosain a Mouse Model

1998 • 65 citations

PMAP-37, a Novel Antibacterial Peptide from Pig Myeloid Cells. cDNA Cloning, Chemical Synthesis and Activity

1995 • 65 citations

Leukocytic antimicrobial peptides kill autoimmune T cells

1993 • 64 citations

A Novel cDNA Sequence Encoding a Pig Leukocyte Antimicrobial Peptide with a Cathelin-like Pro-sequence

1993 • 63 citations

The Cathelicidin Family of Antimicrobial Peptide Precursors: A Component of the Oxygen‐Independent Defense Mechanisms of Neutrophils^a

1997 • 61 citations

Isolation of cDNA Encoding Guinea Pig Neutrophil Cationic Antibacterial Polypeptide of 11 kDa (CAP11) and Evaluation of CAP11 mRNA Expression during Neutrophil Maturation

1997 • 60 citations

Proline-rich antimicrobial peptide, PR-39 gene transduction altered invasive activity and actin structure in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

1999 • 56 citations

Seminalplasmin is a potent inhibitor of E. coli RNA polymerase in vitro

1979 • 55 citations

The therapeutic potential of cationic peptides

1998 • 53 citations

Rhesus Monkey ( Macaca mulatta ) Mucosal Antimicrobial Peptides Are Close Homologues of Human Molecules

2001 • 52 citations

PR-39, a proline/arginine-rich antimicrobial peptide, prevents postischemic microvascular dysfunction

1999 • 50 citations

Purification of the 11- and 5-kDa Antibacterial Polypeptides from Guinea Pig Neutrophils

1996 • 47 citations

Cathelicidin Gene Expression in Porcine Tissues: Roles in Ontogeny and Tissue Specificity

1999 • 46 citations

CRAMP Analogues Having Potent Antibiotic Activity against Bacterial, Fungal, and Tumor Cells without Hemolytic Activity

2000 • 45 citations

Biological characterization of a novel mammalian antimicrobial peptide

1998 • 45 citations

p15s (15-kD Antimicrobial Proteins) Are Stored in the Secondary Granules of Rabbit Granulocytes: Implications for Antibacterial Synergy With the Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein in Inflammatory Fluids

1997 • 45 citations

Molecular cloning of a putative homolog of proline/arginine‐rich antibacterial peptides from porcine bone marrow

1993 • 43 citations

Bactenecin, a leukocytic antimicrobial peptide, is cytotoxic to neuronal and glial cells

1993 • 41 citations

Isolation of two isoforms of a novel 15-kDa protein from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes that modulate the antibacterial actions of other leukocyte proteins.

1990 • 40 citations

A New Type of Low-Molecular Mass Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor from Pig Leukocytes

1989 • 39 citations

A novel murine cathelin-like protein expressed in bone marrow

1996 • 38 citations

Protective effects of a novel 32-amino acid C-terminal fragment of CAP18 in endotoxemic pigs*

1995 • 37 citations

Host-defense peptides: Using host defenses to fight infectious diseases

1996 • 35 citations

Molecular cloning of a novel myeloid granule protein

1995 • 31 citations

Expression and biology of neutrophil and endothelial cell-derived chemokines

1995 • 31 citations

In-vitro activity of polycationic peptides against Cryptosporidium parvum, Pneumocystis carinii and yeast clinical isolates

1999 • 27 citations

Primary structure of three cationic peptides from porcine neutrophils

1993 • 21 citations

Antimicrobial activity of two bactenecins against spirochetes

1993 • 20 citations

Haemophilus ducreyi Is Susceptible to Protegrin

1998 • 18 citations

Dot Far-Western Blot Analysis of Relative Binding Affinities of the Src Homology 3 Domains of Efs and Its Related Proteins

1998 • 15 citations

Cloning and analysis of a transcript derived from two contiguous genes of the cathelicidin family

1998 • 14 citations

In-vitro activity of lytic peptides alone and in combination with macrolides and inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase against Pneumocystis carinii

1998 • 12 citations

In vitro anti-cryptosporidial activity of cationic peptides alone and in combination with inhibitors of ion transport systems

2000 • 8 citations