A Protection Motivation Theory of Fear Appeals and Attitude Change1

The expression of the emotions in man and animals.

1872 • 11,160 citations

The Integrative Action of the Nervous System.

1907 • 4,174 citations

Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: 1955

1957 • 4,104 citations

Social learning and clinical psychology.

1954 • 3,773 citations

The theory of decision making.

1954 • 2,645 citations

Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men

1950 • 2,502 citations

Introduction: Motivation

2020 • 2,342 citations

Doctoral Dissertation

1956 • 2,187 citations

Readings in Attitude Theory and Measurement

1968 • 2,137 citations

Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear, and Rage.

1917 • 1,959 citations

Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men

1932 • 1,851 citations

Anxiety: Current Trends in Theory and Research

1972 • 1,652 citations

Learning Theory and Behavior

1962 • 1,634 citations

Motives in fantasy, action, and society

1958 • 1,618 citations

Learning theory and behavior.

1960 • 1,542 citations

Emotion and Personality

1963 • 1,487 citations

Behavior Theory and Conditioning

1957 • 1,480 citations

Two-process learning theory: Relationships between Pavlovian conditioning and instrumental learning.

1967 • 1,474 citations

Findings and Theory in the Study of Fear Communications

1970 • 1,314 citations

The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals

1965 • 1,229 citations

Handbook of Experimental Psychology.

1952 • 1,181 citations

Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change: An empirical analysis

1971 • 1,149 citations

An Introduction to Social Psychology

2015 • 1,070 citations

Somatic response patterning and stress : some revisions of activation theory

1967 • 1,065 citations

Cognitive structure and attitudinal affect.

1956 • 1,059 citations

Handbook of Personality Theory and Research.

1970 • 1,000 citations

Plans And The Structure Of Behavior

1960 • 975 citations

The conceptual representation and the measurement of psychological forces.

1938 • 965 citations

On the dual nature of learning—a re-interpretation of "conditioning" and "problem-solving."

1947 • 942 citations

Effects of fear-arousing communications.

1953 • 875 citations

Communication and persuasion

1954 • 853 citations

Behavior theory and conditioning.

1956 • 848 citations

Opinions and Personality

1957 • 735 citations

A stimulus-response analysis of anxiety and its role as a reinforcing agent.

1939 • 686 citations

Motivation: theory and research

1964 • 632 citations

Theory of Motivation

1967 • 605 citations

Effects of fear and specificity of recommendation upon attitudes and behavior.

1965 • 599 citations

Activation and Behavior

1964 • 597 citations

LEARNING THEORY AND PERSONALITY DYNAMICS

1953 • 597 citations

Activation and Behavior

1963 • 567 citations

Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear and rage: An account of recent researches into the function of emotional excitement.

1915 • 549 citations

Expression of the emotions in man

1963 • 509 citations

Method and theory in the study of avoidance.

1969 • 491 citations

Feelings and Emotions.

1929 • 491 citations

The Problem of Anxiety

1937 • 490 citations

Social and psychological factors in stress

1970 • 487 citations

On the nature of fear.

1946 • 481 citations

Opinions and Personality.

1956 • 480 citations

Effects of Fear Arousal on Attitude Change: Recent Developments in Theory and Experimental Research

1967 • 475 citations

Learning theory and personality dynamics.

1951 • 456 citations

Traumatic avoidance learning: the outcomes of several extinction procedures with dogs.

1953 • 455 citations

Social and Psychological Factors in Stress.

1971 • 433 citations

Emotion and Personality

1961 • 430 citations

Traumatic avoidance learning: the principles of anxiety conservation and partial irreversibility.

1954 • 420 citations

The process of cognitive tuning in communication.

1960 • 412 citations

An Introduction to Social Psychology

1909 • 398 citations

Introduction. Motivation.

2023 • 389 citations

The expression of the emotions.

1914 • 332 citations

CURRENT TRENDS IN THEORY AND RESEARCH ON ANXIETY

1972 • 325 citations

Motivation and the cognitive revolution.

1974 • 316 citations

The application of psychophysiological methods to the study of psychotherapy and behavior modification

1971 • 302 citations

The Integrative Action of the Nervous System.

1907 • 301 citations

Emotions and adaptation: Conceptual and empirical relations.

1968 • 298 citations

Fifteen years of fear arousal: Research on threat appeals: 1953-1968.

1969 • 289 citations

Motivation: Theory And Research

1965 • 244 citations

Effects of fear and instructions on how to cope with danger.

1967 • 237 citations

The negative affects

1963 • 237 citations

Towards a Cognitive Theory of Emotion

1970 • 225 citations

Subjective probability and decision under uncertainty.

1959 • 221 citations

Sources of resistance to fear-arousing communications on smoking and lung cancer1

1966 • 215 citations

An experimental approach to anxiety, escape and avoidance behavior.

2006 • 211 citations

Effectiveness of emotional role-playing in modifying smoking habits and attitudes.

1965 • 167 citations

Nondynamic aspects of personality.

1960 • 157 citations

Effects of varying the recommendations in a fear-arousing communication.

1966 • 155 citations

The relationship between coping and avoiding behavior and response to fear-arousing propaganda.

1959 • 145 citations

The interest value and relevance of fear arousing communications.

1960 • 127 citations

Personality Differences Associated with Responsiveness to Fear-Arousing Communications1

1954 • 122 citations

Defensive style and discrepancy between self-report and physiological indexes of stress.

1968 • 117 citations

Feelings and Emotions: the Wittenberg Symposium

1929 • 107 citations

Effects of fear appeals and physiological arousal upon emotion, attitudes, and cigarette smoking.

1975 • 100 citations

Anticipatory responding and avoidance discrimination as factors in avoidance conditioning.

1968 • 91 citations

Fear arousal, efficacy, and imminency.

1966 • 90 citations

Affect arousal and positioning of recommendations in persuasive communications.

1966 • 90 citations

Effects of high and low fear-arousing communications upon opinions toward smoking

1965 • 89 citations

Sex differences in attitude and behavior change under conditions of fear and specific instructions

1966 • 85 citations

Traumatic avoidance learning: acquisition and extinction in dogs deprived of normal peripheral autonomic function.

1955 • 77 citations

Effects of fear arousal and reassurance on attitude change.

1970 • 68 citations

Affect and Behavior: Anxiety as a Negative Affect

1966 • 58 citations

A Behavioristic Account of the Emotions.

1923 • 42 citations

Effects of volunteering, fear arousal, and number of communications on attitude change.

1969 • 39 citations

Secondary Motivational Systems

1968 • 28 citations

Some Effects of Relevant Stories Portraying Danger on Retention of Information Associated with the Stories

1967 • 9 citations

The relationship between fear arousal and attitude change

1962 • 5 citations