CpG motifs: the active ingredient in bacterial extracts?

Innate Immune Recognition

2002 • 8,157 citations

A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA

2000 • 6,348 citations

CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation

1995 • 3,543 citations

CpG Motifs in Bacterial DNA and Their Immune Effects

2002 • 2,520 citations

Subsets of Human Dendritic Cell Precursors Express Different Toll-like Receptors and Respond to Different Microbial Antigens

2001 • 1,989 citations

Quantitative Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 1–10 mRNA in Cellular Subsets of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Sensitivity to CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides

2002 • 1,919 citations

Chromatin–IgG complexes activate B cells by dual engagement of IgM and Toll-like receptors

2002 • 1,877 citations

Human TLR9 confers responsiveness to bacterial DNA via species-specific CpG motif recognition

2001 • 1,498 citations

Cutting Edge: A Novel Toll/IL-1 Receptor Domain-Containing Adapter That Preferentially Activates the IFN-β Promoter in the Toll-Like Receptor Signaling

2002 • 1,228 citations

CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Act as Adjuvants that Switch on T Helper 1 (Th1) Immunity

1997 • 1,008 citations

Essential role for TIRAP in activation of the signalling cascade shared by TLR2 and TLR4

2002 • 985 citations

THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNAT TUMORS BY REPEATED INOCULATIONS OF ERYSIPELAS

1893 • 946 citations

Immunostimulatory DNA sequences function as T helper-1-promoting adjuvants

1997 • 919 citations

The treatment of malignant tumors by repeated inoculations of erysipelas. With a report of ten original cases. 1893.

1991 • 917 citations

Identification of CpG oligonucleotide sequences with high induction of IFN-α/β in plasmacytoid dendritic cells

2001 • 883 citations

The adaptor molecule TIRAP provides signalling specificity for Toll-like receptors

2002 • 803 citations

Toll-like receptor expression reveals CpG DNA as a unique microbial stimulus for plasmacytoid dendritic cells which synergizes with CD40 ligand to induce high amounts of IL-12

2001 • 798 citations

Bacterial CpG-DNA and lipopolysaccharides activate Toll-like receptors at distinct cellular compartments

2002 • 724 citations

CpG-DNA-specific activation of antigen-presenting cells requires stress kinase activity and is preceded by non-specific endocytosis and endosomal maturation

1998 • 667 citations

Delineation of a CpG Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxynucleotide for Activating Primate Immune Responses In Vitro and In Vivo

2000 • 593 citations

Modulation of airway inflammation by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in a murine model of asthma.

1998 • 557 citations

Suppression of airway eosinophilia by killed Mycobacterium vaccae-induced allergen-specific regulatory T-cells

2002 • 528 citations

Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides containing the CpG motif are effective as immune adjuvants in tumor antigen immunization

1997 • 526 citations

Interferon-α and Interleukin-12 Are Induced Differentially by Toll-like Receptor 7 Ligands in Human Blood Dendritic Cell Subsets

2002 • 461 citations

Coley's toxins, tumor necrosis factor and cancer research: A historical perspective

1994 • 430 citations

Cutting Edge: Modulation of Airway Inflammation by CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides in a Murine Model of Asthma

1998 • 416 citations

Established Human Papillomavirus Type 16-Expressing Tumors Are Effectively Eradicated Following Vaccination with Long Peptides

2002 • 410 citations

Sequence motifs in adenoviral DNA block immune activation by stimulatory CpG motifs

1998 • 402 citations

CpG‐containing synthetic oligonucleotides promote B and cytotoxic T cell responses to protein antigen: A new class of vaccine adjuvants

1997 • 390 citations

CpG Motifs in Bacterial DNA Activate Leukocytes Through the pH-Dependent Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species

1998 • 331 citations

Antagonism of Immunostimulatory CpG-Oligodeoxynucleotides by Quinacrine, Chloroquine, and Structurally Related Compounds

1998 • 263 citations

Characterization of a new subpopulation of mouse CD8α+ B220+ dendritic cells endowed with type 1 interferon production capacity and tolerogenic potential

2002 • 254 citations

Divergent Therapeutic and Immunologic Effects of Oligodeoxynucleotides with Distinct CpG Motifs

2001 • 252 citations

NK- and CD8+ T Cell-Mediated Eradication of Established Tumors by Peritumoral Injection of CpG-Containing Oligodeoxynucleotides

2001 • 213 citations

FDG–PET for detection of recurrences from malignant primary bone tumors: comparison with conventional imaging

2002 • 206 citations

Uptake of Apoptotic Antigen-Coupled Cells by Lymphoid Dendritic Cells and Cross-Priming of CD8+ T Cells Produce Active Immune Unresponsiveness

2002 • 193 citations

Peritumoral CpG DNA Elicits a Coordinated Response of CD8 T Cells and Innate Effectors to Cure Established Tumors in a Murine Colon Carcinoma Model

2002 • 192 citations

CpG DNA overcomes hyporesponsiveness to hepatitis B vaccine in orangutans

2000 • 191 citations

The Molecular Basis for the Lack of Immunostimulatory Activity of Vertebrate DNA

2003 • 178 citations

Do DNA Vaccines Induce Autoimmune Disease?

1997 • 178 citations

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs enhance immunogenicity of a peptide malaria vaccine in Aotus monkeys

1999 • 172 citations

Bacterial CpG-DNA activates dendritic cellsin vivo: T helper cell-independent cytotoxic T cell responses to soluble proteins

2000 • 163 citations

Safety and immunogenicity of a hepatitis B vaccine formulated with a novel adjuvant system

1998 • 158 citations

Adjuvant Activities of Immune Response Modifier R-848: Comparison with CpG ODN

2000 • 157 citations

Induction of antigen-specific human CD4+ T cell anergy by peripheral blood DC2 precursors

2001 • 150 citations

CpG Are Efficient Adjuvants for Specific CTL Induction Against Tumor Antigen-Derived Peptide

2002 • 148 citations

Repeated Administration of Cytosine-Phosphorothiolated Guanine-Containing Oligonucleotides Together with Peptide/Protein Immunization Results in Enhanced CTL Responses with Anti-Tumor Activity

2000 • 145 citations

Postexposure prophylaxis against prion disease with a stimulator of innate immunity

2002 • 138 citations

Successful treatment of intracranial gliomas in rat by oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs.

2000 • 135 citations

How BCG Led to the Discovery of Immunostimulatory DNA

1999 • 128 citations

Immunostimulatory CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Enhance the Immune Response to Vaccine Strategies Involving Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

1998 • 124 citations

CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides inhibit airway remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma

2002 • 122 citations

Combined dendritic cell- and CpG oligonucleotide-based immune therapy cures large murine tumors that resist chemotherapy

2002 • 118 citations

Dendritic Cell Maturation and Subsequent Enhanced T-Cell Stimulation Induced with the Novel Synthetic Immune Response Modifier R-848

1999 • 116 citations

Immune Recognition of Foreign DNA

1999 • 116 citations

CpG Stimulation of Primary Mouse B Cells Is Blocked by Inhibitory Oligodeoxyribonucleotides at a Site Proximal to NF-κB Activation

2001 • 114 citations

Comparison of the effect of different immunological adjuvants on the antibody and T-cell response to immunization with MUC1-KLH and GD3-KLH conjugate cancer vaccines

1999 • 111 citations

CpG oligonucleotides enhance the tumor antigen-specific immune response of a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-based vaccine strategy in neuroblastoma.

2003 • 107 citations

Priming MHC-I-Restricted Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses to Exogenous Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Is CD4+ T Cell Dependent

1999 • 102 citations

Reduction of CpG‐induced arthritis by suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides

2002 • 90 citations

A role for Toll in autoimmunity

2002 • 82 citations

Synthetic unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides are potent stimulators of antileukemia responses in naive and bone marrow transplant recipients

2001 • 80 citations

DNA and a CpG Oligonucleotide Derived fromBabesia bovisAre Mitogenic for Bovine B Cells

1998 • 80 citations

Antisense c-myc and Immunostimulatory Oligonucleotide Inhibition of Tumorigenesis in a Murine B-Cell Lymphoma Transplant Model

1998 • 79 citations

Immunostimulatory DNA Sequences Influence the Course of Adjuvant Arthritis

2002 • 78 citations

Innate Immune Responses to LCMV Infections: Natural Killer Cells and Cytokines

2002 • 74 citations

Eradication of disseminated lymphomas with CpG-DNA activated T helper type 1 cells from nontransgenic mice.

2000 • 72 citations

Vaccination with Tumor Peptide in CpG Adjuvant Protects Via IFN-γ-Dependent CD4 Cell Immunity

2002 • 69 citations

A hepatitis B vaccine formulated with a novel adjuvant system

2000 • 62 citations

Use of CpG DNA for Enhancing Specific Immune Responses

2000 • 57 citations

Multivalent cross-linking of membrane Ig sensitizes murine B cells to a broader spectrum of CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide motifs, including their methylated counterparts, for stimulation of proliferation and Ig secretion

1999 • 52 citations

From A to Z on CpG

2002 • 52 citations

Avoiding Tolerance Against Prostatic Antigens With Subdominant Peptide Epitopes

2001 • 51 citations

Synergy between CpG- or non-CpG DNA and specific antigen for B cell activation

2003 • 48 citations

Prevention of spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma in HER‐2/neu transgenic mice by foreign DNA

2002 • 31 citations