The pathophysiology of advanced heart failure

Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wideranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics

1972 • 15,349 citations

Effects of Enalapril on Mortality in Severe Congestive Heart Failure

1987 • 4,763 citations

Plasma Norepinephrine as a Guide to Prognosis in Patients with Chronic Congestive Heart Failure

1984 • 3,130 citations

A rapid and potent natriuretic response to intravenous injection of atrial myocardial extract in rats

1981 • 3,128 citations

A Comparison of Enalapril with Hydralazine–Isosorbide Dinitrate in the Treatment of Chronic Congestive Heart Failure

1991 • 2,867 citations

Ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Experimental observations and clinical implications.

1990 • 2,864 citations

The stunned myocardium: prolonged, postischemic ventricular dysfunction.

1982 • 2,825 citations

Shock and Tissue Injury Induced by Recombinant Human Cachectin

1986 • 2,587 citations

Elevated Circulating Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor in Severe Chronic Heart Failure

1990 • 2,566 citations

Anti-cachectin/TNF monoclonal antibodies prevent septic shock during lethal bacteraemia

1987 • 2,492 citations

Effect of Vasodilator Therapy on Mortality in Chronic Congestive Heart Failure

1986 • 2,409 citations

Apoptosis in the Failing Human Heart

1997 • 1,690 citations

Negative Inotropic Effects of Cytokines on the Heart Mediated by Nitric Oxide

1992 • 1,635 citations

Programmed cell death involved in the schizolysigenous formation of the secretory cavity in Citrus sinensis L. (Osbeck)

2010 • 1,629 citations

Apoptosis in Myocytes in End-Stage Heart Failure

1996 • 1,446 citations

Comparison of neuroendocrine activation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction with and without congestive heart failure. A substudy of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD).

1990 • 1,397 citations

Apoptosis: Mechanisms and Roles in Pathology

1991 • 1,368 citations

Brain natriuretic peptide as a novel cardiac hormone in humans. Evidence for an exquisite dual natriuretic peptide system, atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide.

1991 • 1,358 citations

Lymphokine Production by Human T Cells in Disease States

1994 • 1,351 citations

Localization and mechanism of secretion of B-type natriuretic peptide in comparison with those of A-type natriuretic peptide in normal subjects and patients with heart failure.

1994 • 1,344 citations

Hormones regulating cardiovascular function in patients with severe congestive heart failure and their relation to mortality. CONSENSUS Trial Study Group.

1990 • 1,151 citations

Regional myocardial functional and electrophysiological alterations after brief coronary artery occlusion in conscious dogs.

1975 • 1,004 citations

Mechanism of myocardial "stunning".

1990 • 995 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors in the Failing Human Heart

1996 • 993 citations

Association between Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Disease Progression in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

1991 • 794 citations

Contribution of skeletal muscle atrophy to exercise intolerance and altered muscle metabolism in heart failure.

1992 • 740 citations

Elevated levels of circulating cachectin/tumor necrosis factor in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

1988 • 739 citations

Nitric Oxide and Cardiac Function

1996 • 721 citations

Mechanisms of chronic regional postischemic dysfunction in humans. New insights from the study of noninfarcted collateral-dependent myocardium.

1993 • 711 citations

Remodeling of the rat right and left ventricles in experimental hypertension.

1990 • 676 citations

Developmental and functional adaptation of contractile proteins in cardiac and skeletal muscles

1986 • 657 citations

Endothelin induction of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis, sarcomere assembly, and cardiac gene expression in ventricular myocytes. A paracrine mechanism for myocardial cell hypertrophy

1990 • 641 citations

Gene expression of the cardiac Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger in end-stage human heart failure.

1994 • 635 citations

Characterization of a coronary vasoconstrictor produced by cultured endothelial cells

1985 • 616 citations

Molecular characterization of the stretch-induced adaptation of cultured cardiac cells. An in vitro model of load-induced cardiac hypertrophy.

1992 • 611 citations

Endothelin in human congestive heart failure.

1994 • 598 citations

Increased plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

1993 • 590 citations

A perspective on the three large multicenter randomized clinical trials of coronary bypass surgery for chronic stable angina.

1985 • 589 citations

Structural basis of end-stage failure in ischemic cardiomyopathy in humans.

1994 • 583 citations

Evidence for endothelin-1-mediated vasoconstriction in severe chronic heart failure

1995 • 575 citations

Endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor challenges in dogs simulate the cardiovascular profile of human septic shock.

1989 • 567 citations

Increased circulating cytokines in patients with myocarditis and cardiomyopathy.

1994 • 525 citations

Endothelin-1 induces hypertrophy with enhanced expression of muscle-specific genes in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.

1991 • 505 citations

Necrosis and apoptosis: distinct modes of cell death with fundamentally different significance.

1982 • 500 citations

Atrial stretch, not pressure, is the principal determinant controlling the acute release of atrial natriuretic factor.

1988 • 481 citations

The collagen network of the heart.

1979 • 477 citations

Alterations in sarcoplasmic reticulum gene expression in human heart failure. A possible mechanism for alterations in systolic and diastolic properties of the failing myocardium.

1993 • 473 citations

Stretching cardiac myocytes stimulates protooncogene expression.

1990 • 470 citations

Natriuretic peptide system in human heart failure.

1993 • 461 citations

Alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation induces distinct patterns of immediate early gene expression in neonatal rat myocardial cells. fos/jun expression is associated with sarcomere assembly; Egr-1 induction is primarily an alpha 1-mediated response.

1990 • 444 citations

Endothelium-dependent dilation of the coronary microvasculature is impaired in dilated cardiomyopathy.

1990 • 444 citations

The Mitral Apparatus

1972 • 440 citations

Mineralocorticoids, hypertension, and cardiac fibrosis.

1994 • 440 citations

21-TRISOMY/NORMAL MOSAICISM IN AN INTELLIGENT CHILD WITH SOME MONGOLOID CHARACTERS

1963 • 438 citations

Mechanical loading stimulates cell hypertrophy and specific gene expression in cultured rat cardiac myocytes. Possible role of protein kinase C activation.

1991 • 437 citations

Anti-Aldosterone Treatment and the Prevention of Myocardial Fibrosis in Primary and Secondary Hyperaldosteronism

1993 • 432 citations

EVIDENCE FOR TUMOUR NECROSIS FACTOR/CACHECTIN PRODUCTION IN CANCER

1987 • 425 citations

Hemodynamic, renal, and hormonal responses to brain natriuretic peptide infusion in patients with congestive heart failure.

1991 • 421 citations

Impaired diastolic function and coronary reserve in genetic hypertension. Role of interstitial fibrosis and medial thickening of intramyocardial coronary arteries.

1991 • 411 citations

Renin-angiotensin system involvement in pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy in rats

1990 • 409 citations

Cardiac myocyte necrosis induced by angiotensin II.

1991 • 383 citations

Infusion of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin promotes muscle catabolism in the rat. A synergistic effect with interleukin 1.

1989 • 378 citations

Peptide growth factors can provoke "fetal" contractile protein gene expression in rat cardiac myocytes.

1990 • 377 citations

Troponin T isoform expression in humans. A comparison among normal and failing adult heart, fetal heart, and adult and fetal skeletal muscle.

1991 • 372 citations

Left ventricular shape is the primary determinant of functional mitral regurgitation in heart failure

1992 • 368 citations

Basic Mechanisms in Congestive Heart Failure

1994 • 365 citations

Tumour necrosis factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase in dilated cardiomyopathy

1996 • 365 citations

Nitric oxide synthase activities in human myocardium

1993 • 358 citations

Angiotensin II stimulation of protein synthesis and cell growth in chick heart cells

1990 • 358 citations

Prognostic importance of atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with chronic heart failure

1989 • 354 citations

Increased concentrations of tumour necrosis factor in "cachectic" patients with severe chronic heart failure.

1991 • 348 citations

Expression and Functional Significance of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors in Human Myocardium

1995 • 348 citations

Importance of hemodynamic response to therapy in predicting survival with ejection fraction ≤ 20% secondary to ischemic or nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy

1990 • 347 citations

Clinical application of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in patients with congestive heart failure: beneficial effects on left ventricular function.

1987 • 344 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor Causes Increased Pulmonary Permeability and Edema: Comparison to Septic Acute Lung Injury

1988 • 338 citations

The biochemistry of cell death by apoptosis

1990 • 326 citations

Role of nitric oxide in the regulation of oxygen consumption in conscious dogs.

1994 • 320 citations

Circulating N-terminal atrial natriuretic peptide as a marker for symptomless left-ventricular dysfunction

1993 • 316 citations

Quantitative structural analysis of the myocardium during physiologic growth and induced cardiac hypertrophy: A review

1986 • 315 citations

Sudden death prevention in patients with advanced ventricular dysfunction.

1993 • 300 citations

The syndrome of cardiac cachexia

2002 • 299 citations

Histological alterations in chronically hypoperfused myocardium. Correlation with PET findings.

1994 • 299 citations

Prognostic value of neurohumoral activation in patients with an acute myocardial infarction: Effect of captopril

1994 • 283 citations

Left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction after infusion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in conscious dogs.

1992 • 275 citations

Metabolic clearance rate and plasma half life of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide in man

1986 • 269 citations

The cellular basis of dilated cardiomyopathy in humans

1995 • 261 citations

Endothelin ETA receptor antagonist blocks cardiac hypertrophy provoked by hemodynamic overload.

1994 • 252 citations

Nitric oxide inhibits viral replication in murine myocarditis.

1996 • 249 citations

Contrasting peripheral short-term and long-term effects of converting enzyme inhibition in patients with congestive heart failure. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

1989 • 246 citations

N-terminal proatrial natriuretic factor. An independent predictor of long-term prognosis after myocardial infarction.

1994 • 236 citations

Growth Factors Proto-Oncogenes and Plasticity of the Cardiac Phenotype

1991 • 228 citations

Alteration of contractile function and excitation-contraction coupling in dilated cardiomyopathy.

1992 • 223 citations

Impaired skeletal muscle function in patients with congestive heart failure. Relationship to systemic exercise performance.

1991 • 223 citations

Pathophysiological correlates of increased serum tumor necrosis factor in patients with congestive heart failure. Relation to nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation in the forearm circulation.

1994 • 219 citations

Sensitivity of end-systolic pressure-dimension and pressure-volume relations to the inotropic state in humans.

1982 • 218 citations

Endothelins: circulating plasma levels and presence in other biologic fluids.

1993 • 207 citations

Load regulation of the properties of adult feline cardiocytes: growth induction by cellular deformation.

1989 • 206 citations

Effect of maximal coronary vasodilation on transmural myocardial perfusion during tachycardia in the awake dog.

1977 • 204 citations

The Cellular Basis of Pacing-Induced Dilated Cardiomyopathy

1995 • 198 citations

Endothelin has biological actions at pathophysiological concentrations.

1991 • 191 citations

Heart failure depresses endothelium-dependent responses in canine femoral artery

1989 • 188 citations

[Sar1]angiotensin II receptor-mediated stimulation of protein synthesis in chick heart cells

1990 • 188 citations

Myocardial contractile dysfunction in the systematic inflammatory response syndrome: Role of a cytokine-inducible nitric oxide synthase in cardiac myocytes

1995 • 184 citations

Effects of left ventricular shape and captopril therapy on exercise capacity after anterior wall acute myocardial infarction

1989 • 174 citations

Tumour necrosis factor alpha in severe congestive cardiac failure.

1993 • 172 citations

Direct measurement of skeletal muscle fatigue in patients with chronic heart failure.

1991 • 171 citations

Ischemic cardiomyopathy. Criteria for coronary revascularization and cardiac transplantation.

1991 • 167 citations

Effect of carbon dioxide and oxygen on endothelin production by cultured porcine cerebral endothelial cells.

1991 • 158 citations

Regeneration of myocardial phosphocreatine in pigs despite continued moderate ischemia.

1990 • 149 citations

Myocardial blood flow distribution in patients with ischemic heart disease or dilated cardiomyopathy undergoing heart transplantation.

1993 • 146 citations

The role of subendocardial ischemia in perpetuating myocardial failure in patients with nonischemic congestive cardiomyopathy

1983 • 134 citations

Postischemic Myocardial "Stunning": A Clinically Relevant Phenomenon

1988 • 133 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Induces a Biphasic Effect on Myocardial Contractility in Conscious Dogs

1996 • 133 citations

Effects of TNF-alpha on [Ca2+]i and contractility in isolated adult rabbit ventricular myocytes

1996 • 131 citations

Plasma big endothelin-1 concentrations in congestive heart failure patients with or without systemic hypertension

1993 • 127 citations

Active downregulation of myocardial energy requirements during prolonged moderate ischemia in swine.

1991 • 123 citations

Characterization of positive inotropic effect of endothelin on mammalian ventricular myocardium

1991 • 122 citations

G protein-mediated suppression of L-type Ca2+ current by interleukin-1 beta in cultured rat ventricular myocytes

1995 • 118 citations

Large artery function in patients with chronic heart failure. Studies of brachial artery diameter and hemodynamics.

1991 • 117 citations

Effect of acute volume load on refractoriness and arrhythmia development in isolated, chronically infarcted canine hearts.

1989 • 114 citations

Endocardial mapping of ventricular tachycardia in the intact human heart. II. Evidence for multiuse reentry in a functional sheet of surviving myocardium

1992 • 112 citations

Effects of Brain Natriuretic Peptide on Exercise Hemodynamics and Neurohormones in Isolated Diastolic Heart Failure

1996 • 107 citations

Disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis: Relationships of plasma tumor necrosis factor-?, soluble interleukin 2-receptor, soluble CD4/CD8 ratio, neopterin, and fibrin D-dimer to traditional severity and functional measures

1992 • 106 citations

Hemodynamic, renal and endocrine effects of atrial natriuretic peptide infusion in severe heart failure

1988 • 102 citations

Subepicardial vasodilator reserve in the presence of critical coronary stenosis in dogs

1980 • 101 citations

Endothelial function in congestive heart failure

1993 • 100 citations

Experimental models of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation caused by ischemia and infarction.

1992 • 97 citations

Immunocytochemical localization of endothelin in cultured bovine endothelial cells

1990 • 94 citations

Endothelin stimulates hypertrophy and contractility of neonatal rat cardiac myocytes in a serum‐free medium

1990 • 92 citations

Increased levels of serum neoprotein and decreased production of neutrophil superoxide anions in chronic heart failure with elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha

1993 • 90 citations

Regulation of the Structural Remodelling of the Myocardium: from Hypertrophy to Heart Failure

1994 • 88 citations

Reversal of chronic ischemic myocardial dysfunction after transluminal coronary angioplasty

1988 • 88 citations

Endothelin: A potent vasoconstrictor associated with coronary vasospasm

1989 • 83 citations

cAMP enhances inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA stability in cardiac myocytes

1995 • 80 citations

Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Rat Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis With Special Reference to Changes in Cardiac Hemodynamics

1997 • 78 citations

Prolonged wall motion abnormalities after chest pain at rest in patients with unstable angina: A possible manifestation of myocardial stunning

1994 • 77 citations

Short-term Hemodynamic Effects of Endothelin Receptor Blockade in Dogs With Chronic Heart Failure

1996 • 74 citations

Abnormal cytokine profiles in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and their asymptomatic relatives.

1996 • 73 citations

Vasodilatory capacity of coronary resistance vessels in dilated cardiomyopathy

1994 • 70 citations

Functional recovery of hibernating myocardium after coronary bypass surgery: Does it coincide with improvement in perfusion?

1991 • 63 citations

Comparative study of atrial peptides ANF (1-98) and ANF (99-126) as diagnostic markers of atrial distension in patients with cardiac disease

1993 • 62 citations

Type 1 fiber abnormalities in skeletal muscle of patients with hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy: Evidence of subclinical myogenic myopathy

1989 • 61 citations

Neurohumoral measurements as indicators of bong-terns prognosis after acute myocardial infarction

1995 • 60 citations

Surgical Treatment of Patients With Cardiac Cachexia

1994 • 59 citations

TNF Production and Hypertrophic Scarring

1993 • 53 citations

Structural remodelling of the heart by fibrous tissue: Role of circulating hormones and locally produced peptides

1995 • 53 citations

TNF-alpha release in endotoxemia contributes to neutrophil-dependent pulmonary edema

1993 • 51 citations

Transmural distribution of intrinsic and transmitted left ventricular diastolic intramyocardial pressure in dogs

1978 • 50 citations

HYPERTENSION AND HYPERSALIMENTATION. I. ALDOSTERONE HYPERTENSION.

1965 • 49 citations

Provocation of hyper- and hypokalemic sudden death during treatment with and withdrawal of converting-enzyme inhibition in severe chronic congestive heart failure

1986 • 47 citations

Pathophysiology of heart failure

1998 • 42 citations

Cyclic AMP Augments Cytokine-stimulated Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Rat Cardiac Myocytes

1996 • 37 citations

Protein kinase A activation is required for IL-1-induced nitric oxide production by cardiac myocytes

1996 • 36 citations

Changing efficacy of coronary revascularization. Implications for patient selection.

1988 • 29 citations

Comparative study of atrial peptides ANF (1-98) and ANF (99-126) as diagnostic markers of atrial distension in patients with cardiac disease

1993 • 28 citations

α-Adrenergic Stimulation Enhances Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Rat Cardiac Myocytes

1996 • 25 citations

Stunned myocardium : properties, mechanisms, and clinical manifestations

1993 • 22 citations

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure: Changing Perceptions

1996 • 21 citations

Abnormal Cytokine Profiles in Patients with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Their Asymptomatic Relatives

1996 • 18 citations

Factors determining delayed peak flow in canine myocardial reactive hyperaemia

1979 • 16 citations

Abnormal Cytokine Levels in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Correlate with Prognosis

1995 • 4 citations