Fast Food, Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance, and Obesity

Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue

1994 • 12,975 citations

Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach

1999 • 8,261 citations

Obesity and insulin resistance

2000 • 3,076 citations

Childhood obesity

1975 • 2,600 citations

Relation between consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity: a prospective, observational analysis

2001 • 2,463 citations

Metabolic Syndrome in Childhood: Association With Birth Weight, Maternal Obesity, and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2005 • 2,244 citations

Role of Brain Insulin Receptor in Control of Body Weight and Reproduction

2000 • 2,178 citations

The Glycemic Index

2002 • 1,718 citations

Dietary Fiber, Glycemic Load, and Risk of Non—insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Women

1997 • 1,713 citations

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Weight Gain, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Young and Middle-Aged Women

2004 • 1,628 citations

Role of Fatty Acids in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance and NIDDM

1997 • 1,611 citations

Recombinant Leptin for Weight Loss in Obese and Lean Adults

1999 • 1,408 citations

Fast-food habits, weight gain, and insulin resistance (the CARDIA study): 15-year prospective analysis

2005 • 1,282 citations

Loss of Insulin Signaling in Hepatocytes Leads to Severe Insulin Resistance and Progressive Hepatic Dysfunction

2000 • 1,213 citations

Effects of Fast-Food Consumption on Energy Intake and Diet Quality Among Children in a National Household Survey

2004 • 1,184 citations

Decreased cerebrospinal-fluid/serum leptin ratio in obesity: a possible mechanism for leptin resistance

1996 • 1,170 citations

Weight Reduction Increases Plasma Levels of an Adipose-Derived Anti-Inflammatory Protein, Adiponectin

2001 • 1,144 citations

Obesity Wars

2004 • 1,119 citations

Dairy Consumption, Obesity, and the Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Young Adults

2002 • 1,100 citations

Leptin activation of Stat3 in the hypothalamus of wild–type and ob/ob mice but not db/db mice

1996 • 1,097 citations

Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of insulin reduces food intake and body weight of baboons

1979 • 1,089 citations

Role of Food Prepared Away from Home in the American Diet, 1977-78 versus 1994-96: Changes and Consequences

2002 • 978 citations

Two defects contribute to hypothalamic leptin resistance in mice with diet-induced obesity

2000 • 873 citations

Hypothalamic insulin signaling is required for inhibition of glucose production

2002 • 852 citations

Preventing childhood obesity by reducing consumption of carbonated drinks: cluster randomised controlled trial

2004 • 832 citations

Changes in beverage intake between 1977 and 2001

2004 • 809 citations

Adipose Tissue Selective Insulin Receptor Knockout Protects against Obesity and Obesity-Related Glucose Intolerance

2002 • 806 citations

PTP1B Regulates Leptin Signal Transduction In Vivo

2002 • 785 citations

Diet-induced obese mice develop peripheral, but not central, resistance to leptin.

1997 • 750 citations

Fast foods, energy density and obesity: a possible mechanistic link

2003 • 741 citations

Dietary Fructose Reduces Circulating Insulin and Leptin, Attenuates Postprandial Suppression of Ghrelin, and Increases Triglycerides in Women

2004 • 728 citations

High Glycemic Index Foods, Overeating, and Obesity

1999 • 703 citations

Increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the United States: an ecologic assessment

2004 • 673 citations

Fast Food Consumption of U.S. Adults: Impact on Energy and Nutrient Intakes and Overweight Status

2004 • 655 citations

Trends in Energy Intake in U.S. between 1977 and 1996: Similar Shifts Seen across Age Groups

2002 • 650 citations

Calcium and Dairy Acceleration of Weight and Fat Loss during Energy Restriction in Obese Adults

2004 • 617 citations

Effects of weight loss on regional fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in obesity.

1999 • 604 citations

Fast food restaurant use among women in the Pound of Prevention study: dietary, behavioral and demographic correlates

2000 • 576 citations

Key enzyme in leptin-induced anorexia

2001 • 574 citations

Dietary Fructose: Implications for Dysregulation of Energy Homeostasis and Lipid/Carbohydrate Metabolism

2005 • 527 citations

Dietary Glycemic Index and Obesity

2000 • 527 citations

Dietary Fructose: Implications for Dysregulation of Energy Homeostasis and Lipid/Carbohydrate Metabolism

2005 • 491 citations

SOCS-3 Is an Insulin-induced Negative Regulator of Insulin Signaling

2000 • 454 citations

Trends in the Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease and Changes in Diet and Lifestyle in Women

2000 • 430 citations

Calcium Intake and Body Weight1

2000 • 423 citations

Adiposity and Hyperinsulinemia in Indians Are Present at Birth

2002 • 417 citations

Essentiality of circulating fatty acids for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the fasted rat.

1996 • 373 citations

Low Dose Leptin Administration Reverses Effects of Sustained Weight-Reduction on Energy Expenditure and Circulating Concentrations of Thyroid Hormones

2002 • 369 citations

DIETARY FIBER AND BODY-WEIGHT REGULATION

2001 • 368 citations

The insulinotropic potency of fatty acids is influenced profoundly by their chain length and degree of saturation.

1997 • 350 citations

Consuming Fructose‐sweetened Beverages Increases Body Adiposity in Mice

2005 • 334 citations

Effects of a Low–Glycemic Load Diet on Resting Energy Expenditure and Heart Disease Risk Factors During Weight Loss

2004 • 331 citations

Impaired transport of leptin across the blood-brain barrier in obesity☆

1999 • 328 citations

Leptin as a modulator of sweet taste sensitivities in mice

2000 • 317 citations

Obesity induced by a high-fat diet is associated with reduced brain insulin transport in dogs.

2000 • 314 citations

Energy density but not fat content of foods affected energy intake in lean and obese women

1999 • 312 citations

Volume of food consumed affects satiety in men

1998 • 302 citations

Dysregulation of insulin receptor substrate 2 in β cells and brain causes obesity and diabetes

2004 • 297 citations

High-fat meals reduce 24-h circulating leptin concentrations in women.

1999 • 272 citations

Fasting Hyperinsulinemia Is a Predictor of Increased Body Weight Gain and Obesity in Pima Indian Children

1997 • 266 citations

Compensation for Energy Intake From Fast Food Among Overweight and Lean Adolescents

2004 • 264 citations

Arctic waders are not capital breeders

2001 • 262 citations

Food Patterns and Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Men and Women: A Cross-sectional Study within the Malmo Diet and Cancer Cohort

2001 • 258 citations

Dietary Sources of Nutrients Among US Children, 1989–1991

1998 • 249 citations

Predictors of weight gain in the Pound of Prevention study

2000 • 245 citations

The role of insulin receptor substrate 2 in hypothalamic and β cell function

2005 • 231 citations

Insulin receptor substrate 2 plays a crucial role in β cells and the hypothalamus

2004 • 230 citations

High-Fat Feeding Impairs Insulin-Stimulated GLUT4 Recruitment via an Early Insulin-Signaling Defect

1997 • 228 citations

Adiposity signals and food reward: expanding the CNS roles of insulin and leptin

2003 • 218 citations

Relationship of dietary saturated fatty acids and body habitus to serum insulin concentrations: the Normative Aging Study

1993 • 217 citations

Abnormal Glucose Homeostasis due to Chronic Hyperresistinemia

2004 • 198 citations

Leptin Attenuates Acute Food Deprivation-Induced Relapse to Heroin Seeking

2001 • 184 citations

Intraventricular insulin increases dopamine transporter mRNA in rat VTA/substantia nigra

1994 • 171 citations

Influence of Body Composition on the Accuracy of Reported Energy Intake in Children

2000 • 171 citations

Usual Dietary Fat Intake and Insulin Concentrations in Healthy Women Twins

1993 • 166 citations

Evidence of increased dopamine receptor signaling in food-restricted rats

2003 • 157 citations

Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity in Black Versus White Prepubertal Healthy Children1

1997 • 148 citations

Acute Postchallenge Hyperinsulinemia Predicts Weight Gain: A Prospective Study

1997 • 148 citations

Early Changes in Postprandial Insulin Secretion, Not in Insulin Sensitivity, Characterize Juvenile Obesity

1994 • 139 citations

The Composition of Dietary Fat Directly Influences Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Rats

2002 • 136 citations

Intracerebroventricular infusions of 3-OHB and insulin in a rat model of dietary obesity

1988 • 132 citations

Adiponectin: linking the fat cell to insulin sensitivity

2003 • 116 citations

Insulin binding to brain capillaries is reduced in genetically obese, hyperinsulinemic Zucker rats

1990 • 113 citations

Hyperinsulinemia increases the amount of GLUT4 mRNA in white adipose tissue and decreases that of muscles : a clue for increased fat depot and insulin resistance

1990 • 109 citations

Obesity, leptin resistance, and the effects of insulin reduction

2004 • 100 citations

Acute changes in the response to peripheral leptin with alteration in the diet composition

2001 • 95 citations

Ageing increases SOCS-3 expression in rat hypothalamus: effects of food restriction

2002 • 89 citations

Metabolic Effects of Fructose Supplementation in Diabetic Individuals

1989 • 87 citations

Reduced Effect of Experimental Peripheral Hyperinsulinemia to Elevate Cerebrospinal Fluid Insulin Concentrations of Obese Zucker Rats*

1987 • 85 citations

Hypothalamic Obesity: The Sixth Cranial Endocrinopathy

2002 • 79 citations

Plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon before and after long-term overfeeding in identical twins

1995 • 69 citations

Autonomic dysfunction of the beta-cell and the pathogenesis of obesity.

2003 • 60 citations

Intraventricular insulin decreases kappa opioid-mediated sucrose intake in rats

2002 • 49 citations

Exaggerated insulin secretion in Pima Indians and African‐Americans but higher insulin resistance in Pima Indians compared to African‐Americans and Caucasians

2004 • 42 citations

Insulin and raclopride combine to decrease short-term intake of sucrose solutions

2000 • 37 citations

Racial and etiopathologic dichotomies in insulin hypersecretion and resistance in obese children

2005 • 32 citations

Endocrine regulation of food intake and body weight

1996 • 31 citations

Obesity-inducing lesions of the central nervous system alter leptin uptake by the blood-brain barrier

2001 • 29 citations

Leptin-Induced Changes in Body Composition in High Fat-Fed Mice¹

2003 • 28 citations

Fructose and behavior: does fructose influence food intake and macronutrient selection?

1993 • 22 citations

Specific Preservation of Biosynthetic Responses to Insulin in Adipose Tissue May Contribute to Hyperleptinemia in Insulin-Resistant Obese Mice

2004 • 10 citations

Acknowledgment

1996 • 1 citations