Apoptosis in the vascular wall and atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis — An Inflammatory Disease

1999 • 21,494 citations

Mitochondria and Apoptosis

1998 • 8,909 citations

Cytochrome c and dATP-Dependent Formation of Apaf-1/Caspase-9 Complex Initiates an Apoptotic Protease Cascade

1997 • 7,177 citations

Caspases: Enemies Within

1998 • 6,923 citations

The Release of Cytochrome c from Mitochondria: A Primary Site for Bcl-2 Regulation of Apoptosis

1997 • 4,728 citations

Tumor suppressor p53 is a direct transcriptional activator of the human bax gene

1995 • 4,043 citations

Bid, a Bcl2 Interacting Protein, Mediates Cytochrome c Release from Mitochondria in Response to Activation of Cell Surface Death Receptors

1998 • 3,603 citations

Activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells by Akt-dependent phosphorylation

1999 • 3,529 citations

Suppression of TNF-α-Induced Apoptosis by NF-κB

1996 • 2,623 citations

Prognostic Impact of Coronary Vasodilator Dysfunction on Adverse Long-Term Outcome of Coronary Heart Disease

2000 • 2,616 citations

Regulation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide production by the protein kinase Akt

1999 • 2,577 citations

Molecular Bases of the Acute Coronary Syndromes

1995 • 2,049 citations

NF-κB is a target of AKT in anti-apoptotic PDGF signalling

1999 • 1,830 citations

Functions of Ceramide in Coordinating Cellular Responses to Stress

1996 • 1,620 citations

Atherosclerosis and the Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell

1973 • 1,503 citations

Kinetics of cellular proliferation after arterial injury. I. Smooth muscle growth in the absence of endothelium.

1983 • 1,441 citations

Coronary Plaque Erosion Without Rupture Into a Lipid Core

1996 • 1,247 citations

Signals leading to apoptosis-dependent inhibition of neovascularization by thrombospondin-1

2000 • 992 citations

Elevated Levels of Shed Membrane Microparticles With Procoagulant Potential in the Peripheral Circulating Blood of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes

2000 • 876 citations

Turbulent fluid shear stress induces vascular endothelial cell turnover in vitro.

1986 • 835 citations

Apoptosis of human vascular smooth muscle cells derived from normal vessels and coronary atherosclerotic plaques.

1995 • 700 citations

Apoptosis in Human Atherosclerosis and Restenosis

1995 • 684 citations

Active oxygen species stimulate vascular smooth muscle cell growth and proto-oncogene expression.

1992 • 653 citations

Evidence for apoptosis in advanced human atheroma. Colocalization with interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme.

1995 • 643 citations

Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB–regulated X-chromosome–linked iap Gene Expression Protects Endothelial Cells from Tumor Necrosis Factor α–induced Apoptosis

1998 • 643 citations

Angiopoietin-1 Inhibits Endothelial Cell Apoptosis via the Akt/Survivin Pathway

2000 • 633 citations

Apoptotic Vascular Endothelial Cells Become Procoagulant

1997 • 612 citations

Differential Modulation of Apoptosis Sensitivity in CD95 Type I and Type II Cells

1999 • 595 citations

Endostatin Induces Endothelial Cell Apoptosis

1999 • 594 citations

Reactive oxygen species are downstream mediators of p53-dependent apoptosis.

1996 • 590 citations

Nitric Oxide Reversibly Inhibits Seven Members of the Caspase Family via S-Nitrosylation

1997 • 530 citations

Evidence for apoptosis in human atherogenesis and in a rat vascular injury model.

1995 • 484 citations

Expression of Multiple Isoforms of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Normal and Atherosclerotic Vessels

1997 • 468 citations

Endothelial Cell Apoptosis Induced by the Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR) Ligand 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2

1999 • 440 citations

Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by In Vitro Stimulation With Interferon-γ, Tumor Necrosis Factor–α, and Interleukin-1β

1996 • 435 citations

Apoptosis and Related Proteins in Different Stages of Human Atherosclerotic Plaques

1998 • 432 citations

Nitric Oxide Inhibits Caspase-3 by S-Nitrosationin Vivo

1999 • 427 citations

Inducible nitric oxide synthase is present within human atherosclerotic lesions and promotes the formation and activity of peroxynitrite.

1996 • 410 citations

Lipopolysaccharide Induces Disseminated Endothelial Apoptosis Requiring Ceramide Generation

1997 • 406 citations

Relation Between Endothelial Cell Apoptosis and Blood Flow Direction in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques

2000 • 398 citations

Increased endothelial cell turnover in areas of in vivo Evans Blue uptake in the pig aorta

1973 • 377 citations

Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Induces Apoptosis of Human Endothelial Cells by Activation of CPP32-Like Proteases

1997 • 373 citations

Angiotensin II Induces Apoptosis of Human Endothelial Cells

1997 • 363 citations

Phosphorylation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase at Ser‐1177 is required for VEGF‐induced endothelial cell migration

2000 • 363 citations

Tumor necrosis factor induces apoptosis (programmed cell death) in normal endothelial cells in vitro.

1991 • 358 citations

Osteoprotegerin Is an αvβ3-induced, NF-κB-dependent Survival Factor for Endothelial Cells

2000 • 356 citations

Angiostatin induces endothelial cell apoptosis and activation of focal adhesion kinase independently of the integrin-binding motif RGD

1998 • 349 citations

Vasoactive Substances Regulate Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis

1996 • 345 citations

Marked Induction of the IAP Family Antiapoptotic Proteins Survivin and XIAP by VEGF in Vascular Endothelial Cells

1999 • 342 citations

High-Glucose–Triggered Apoptosis in Cultured Endothelial Cells

1995 • 342 citations

Shear stress inhibits apoptosis of human endothelial cells

1996 • 329 citations

Human atherosclerosis. I. Cell constitution and characteristics of advanced lesions of the superficial femoral artery.

1984 • 320 citations

Nitric Oxide and Apoptosis: Another Paradigm for the Double-Edged Role of Nitric Oxide

1997 • 317 citations

Dephosphorylation Targets Bcl-2 for Ubiquitin-dependent Degradation: A Link between the Apoptosome and the Proteasome Pathway

1999 • 309 citations

Apoptosis in atherosclerosis: beneficial or detrimental?

2000 • 303 citations

Upregulation of Superoxide Dismutase and Nitric Oxide Synthase Mediates the Apoptosis-Suppressive Effects of Shear Stress on Endothelial Cells

1999 • 299 citations

Thrombospondin 1 and type I repeat peptides of thrombospondin 1 specifically induce apoptosis of endothelial cells.

1997 • 295 citations

Induction of Endothelial Cell Apoptosis by TNFα: Modulation by Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis

1994 • 292 citations

Differential Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide and Superoxide Anion on Apoptosis and Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

1997 • 289 citations

Apoptosis participates in cellularity regulation during rat aortic intimal thickening.

1995 • 285 citations

High Glucose–Induced Apoptosis in Human Endothelial Cells Is Mediated by Sequential Activations of c-Jun NH ₂ -Terminal Kinase and Caspase-3

2000 • 282 citations

Evidence for the Rapid Onset of Apoptosis in Medial Smooth Muscle Cells After Balloon Injury

1997 • 282 citations

Nitric oxide–an endothelial cell survival factor

1999 • 281 citations

Inhibition of neointimal cell bcl-x expression induces apoptosis and regression of vascular disease

1998 • 273 citations

Endostatin-induced tyrosine kinase signaling through the Shb adaptor protein regulates endothelial cell apoptosis

2000 • 273 citations

Fas Is Expressed in Human Atherosclerotic Intima and Promotes Apoptosis of Cytokine-Primed Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

1997 • 270 citations

Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein Induces Apoptosis in Cultured Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Common and Unique Mechanisms

1998 • 258 citations

Caspase-mediated Cleavage of Focal Adhesion Kinase pp125FAK and Disassembly of Focal Adhesions in Human Endothelial Cell Apoptosis

1998 • 258 citations

Induction of Apoptosis by Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and N-Acetylcysteine in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

1996 • 248 citations

Endothelial Cell Death Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Is Inhibited by the Bcl-2 Family Member, A1

1996 • 247 citations

Insulin-Mediated Stimulation of Protein Kinase Akt

2000 • 231 citations

Multiple Forms of Angiostatin Induce Apoptosis in Endothelial Cells

1998 • 231 citations

Serum From Patients With Severe Heart Failure Downregulates eNOS and Is Proapoptotic

1999 • 227 citations

Thrombospondin-1 Induces Endothelial Cell Apoptosis and Inhibits Angiogenesis by Activating the Caspase Death Pathway

2000 • 217 citations

Fas/FADD-mediated activation of a specific program of inflammatory gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells

2000 • 200 citations

Shear Stress Inhibits H ₂ O ₂ -Induced Apoptosis of Human Endothelial Cells by Modulation of the Glutathione Redox Cycle and Nitric Oxide Synthase

1997 • 193 citations

Reactive oxygen species induce apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cell

1997 • 188 citations

Peripheral Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Apoptosis in Old Monkeys

2000 • 186 citations

Vitamin C and E prevent lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis in human endothelial cells by modulation of Bcl-2 and Bax

1996 • 185 citations

Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Disrupts Endothelial Monolayer Integrity and Survival Signaling Events through Caspase Cleavage of Adherens Junction Proteins

1998 • 183 citations

Endothelin-1 as an Autocrine/Paracrine Apoptosis Survival Factor for Endothelial Cells

1997 • 183 citations

Hypoxia-Induced Endothelial Apoptosis Through Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB)–Mediated bcl-2 Suppression

2000 • 179 citations

Ox-LDL induces apoptosis in human coronary artery endothelial cells: role of PKC, PTK, bcl-2, and Fas

1998 • 178 citations

Endothelial Cells Undergoing Apoptosis Become Proadhesive for Nonactivated Platelets

1999 • 178 citations

Cell Composition, Replication, and Apoptosis in Atherosclerotic Plaques After 6 Months of Cholesterol Withdrawal

1998 • 168 citations

The role of apoptosis in vascular disease

2000 • 168 citations

Nuclear Factor-κB Regulates Induction of Apoptosis and Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein-1 Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

1999 • 165 citations

Nitric Oxide Fully Protects against UVA-induced Apoptosis in Tight Correlation with Bcl-2 Up-regulation

1999 • 165 citations

Cyclosporin A Inhibits Apoptosis of Human Endothelial Cells by Preventing Release of Cytochrome C From Mitochondria

1998 • 158 citations

Lipopolysaccharide Activates Caspase-1 (Interleukin-1–Converting Enzyme) in Cultured Monocytic and Endothelial Cells

1998 • 158 citations

Vascular Endothelial Genes That Are Responsive to Tumor Necrosis Factor- In Vitro Are Expressed in Atherosclerotic Lesions, Including Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein-1, Stannin, and Two Novel Genes

1999 • 154 citations

Dual Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Vascular Growth

1999 • 152 citations

Lipopolysaccharide Mediates Endothelial Apoptosis by a FADD-dependent Pathway

1998 • 150 citations

Vascular Cell Apoptosis

1999 • 149 citations

Congestive heart failure induces endothelial cell apoptosis: protective role of carvedilol

2000 • 143 citations

Apoptosis and Cell Proliferation After Porcine Coronary Angioplasty

1998 • 142 citations

Thrombin Generation by Apoptotic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

1997 • 142 citations

Increased Sensitivity of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells From Atherosclerotic Plaques to p53-Mediated Apoptosis

1997 • 136 citations

Lp(a) and LDL induce apoptosis in human endothelial cells and in rabbit aorta: Role of oxidative stress

1999 • 133 citations

Angiotensin II type 2 receptor mediates vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis and antagonizes angiotensin II type 1 receptor action: An in vitro gene transfer study

1998 • 132 citations

Nitric oxide upregulates expression of DNA-PKcs to protect cells from DNA-damaging anti-tumour agents

2000 • 125 citations

Nitric Oxide Down-regulates MKP-3 mRNA Levels

2000 • 123 citations

Role of protein kinase C in the inhibition by fibroblast growth factor of apoptosis in serum-depleted endothelial cells

1990 • 119 citations

Endothelial vasodilator dysfunction: Pathogenetic link to myocardial ischaemia or epiphenomenon?

1996 • 114 citations

Transforming Growth Factor β1 Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in Cultured Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells with Down-Regulated Expression of BCL-2

1995 • 106 citations

Stretch‐induced endothelin B receptor‐mediated apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells

2000 • 105 citations

Growth factor-induced phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase/Akt phosphorylation in smooth muscle cells: induction of cell proliferation and inhibition of cell death

2000 • 103 citations

Transfection of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Causes Apoptosis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

1998 • 103 citations

TL1, a Novel Tumor Necrosis Factor-like Cytokine, Induces Apoptosis in Endothelial Cells

1999 • 102 citations

Co-expression of p53 and MDM2 in human atherosclerosis: implications for the regulation of cellularity of atherosclerotic lesions

1998 • 101 citations

Overexpression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor Gene Induces Apoptosis in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells

1999 • 101 citations

Endothelin-1 Inhibits Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by Nitric Oxide and Serum Deprivation via MAP Kinase Pathway

2000 • 97 citations

Topographical Association Between the Cyclin-Dependent Kinases Inhibitor P21, p53 Accumulation, and Cellular Proliferation in Human Atherosclerotic Tissue

1997 • 96 citations

Proapoptotic and Growth-Inhibitory Role of Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats In Vivo

2000 • 94 citations

Hypochlorous acid causes caspase activation and apoptosis or growth arrest in human endothelial cells

1999 • 93 citations

Angiopoietin-1 Inhibits Irradiation- and Mannitol-Induced Apoptosis in Endothelial Cells

2000 • 92 citations

c-Jun Triggers Apoptosis in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells

1999 • 92 citations

Increased Expression and Activation of Stress-Activated Protein Kinases/c-Jun NH2-Terminal Protein Kinases in Atherosclerotic Lesions Coincide with p53

2000 • 86 citations

Induction of heat shock response leads to apoptosis in endothelial cells previously exposed to endotoxin

1993 • 83 citations

Luminal Foam Cell Accumulation Is Associated With Smooth Muscle Cell Death in the Intimal Thickening of Human Saphenous Vein Grafts

1996 • 83 citations

Proapoptotic effects of ANG II in human coronary artery endothelial cells: role of AT₁receptor and PKC activation

1999 • 79 citations

Carvedilol prevents epinephrine-induced apoptosis in human coronary artery endothelial cells modulation of Fas/Fas ligand and caspase-3 pathway

2000 • 75 citations

Modulation of constitutive nitric oxide synthase, bcl-2 and Fas expression in cultured human coronary endothelial cells exposed to anoxia–reoxygenation and angiotensin II: role of AT1 receptor activation

1999 • 63 citations

Insulin Antiapoptotic Signaling Involves Insulin Activation of the Nuclear Factor κB-dependent Survival Genes Encoding Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-associated Factor 2 and Manganese-superoxide Dismutase

1999 • 54 citations

Role of caspases 1 and 3 and Bcl-2-related molecules in endothelial cell apoptosis associated with thrombotic microangiopathies

1998 • 42 citations

Oxidative stress mediates apoptosis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein and oxidized lipoprotein(a)

1999 • 34 citations

Cocaine Induces Apoptosis in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells

2000 • 28 citations

A Caspase Inhibitor Decreases Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Apoptosis in Bovine Endothelial Cells

1999 • 24 citations

NGF exhibits a pro‐apoptotic activity for human vascular smooth muscle cells that is inhibited by TGFβ1

1997 • 20 citations