Core biological marker candidates of Alzheimer?s disease ? perspectives for diagnosis, prediction of outcome and reflection of biological activity

Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

1984 • 27,279 citations

Mild Cognitive Impairment

1999 • 8,417 citations

Immunization with amyloid-β attenuates Alzheimer-disease-like pathology in the PDAPP mouse

1999 • 3,112 citations

Peripherally administered antibodies against amyloid β-peptide enter the central nervous system and reduce pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease

2000 • 1,954 citations

Practice parameter: Management of dementia (an evidence-based review) [RETIRED]

2001 • 1,742 citations

Aβ peptide vaccination prevents memory loss in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease

2000 • 1,498 citations

Aβ peptide immunization reduces behavioural impairment and plaques in a model of Alzheimer's disease

2000 • 1,433 citations

Peripheral anti-Aβ antibody alters CNS and plasma Aβ clearance and decreases brain Aβ burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

2001 • 1,264 citations

Specific tau phosphorylation sites correlate with severity of neuronal cytopathology in Alzheimer's disease

2001 • 903 citations

Alzheimer Disease as a Vascular Disorder

2002 • 834 citations

tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid

1995 • 760 citations

A learning deficit related to age and β-amyloid plaques in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

2000 • 733 citations

Improved discrimination of AD patients using β-amyloid _(1-42) and tau levels in CSF

1999 • 709 citations

Reduction of β‐amyloid peptide₄₂ in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease

1995 • 684 citations

Decreased β-Amyloid_1-42and Increased Tau Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Alzheimer Disease

2003 • 646 citations

Cerebrospinal Fluid β-Amyloid(1-42) in Alzheimer Disease

1999 • 631 citations

Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Amyloid β Proteins 1-40 and 1-42 in Alzheimer Disease

2000 • 564 citations

Evaluation of CSF-tau and CSF-Aβ42 as Diagnostic Markers for Alzheimer Disease in Clinical Practice

2001 • 563 citations

Pathologic Correlates of Nondemented Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease

2001 • 521 citations

Worldwide Prevalence and Incidence of Dementia

1999 • 481 citations

Detection of Proteins in Normal and Alzheimer's Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid with a Sensitive Sandwich Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay

1993 • 481 citations

Analysis of Heterogeneous βA4 Peptides in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood by a Newly Developed Sensitive Western Blot Assay

1996 • 477 citations

Quantification of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 in human cerebrospinal fluid: a sandwich ELISA with a synthetic phosphopeptide for standardization

2000 • 472 citations

High Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau and Low Amyloid β42 Levels in the Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease and Relation to Apolipoprotein E Genotype

1998 • 445 citations

Transient increase in total tau but not phospho-tau in human cerebrospinal fluid after acute stroke

2001 • 424 citations

Physiological production of the β-amyloid protein and the mechanism of Alzheimer's disease

1993 • 423 citations

Tau and Aβ42 in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Healthy Adults 21–93 Years of Age: Establishment of Reference Values

2001 • 421 citations

Clinico‐Neuropathological Correlation of Alzheimer's Disease in a Community‐Based Case Series

1999 • 402 citations

Longitudinal study of cerebrospinal fluid levels of tau, Aβ1–40, and Aβ1–42(43) in Alzheimer's disease: A study in Japan

1998 • 344 citations

Elevated levels of tau-protein in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

1997 • 338 citations

Tau in cerebrospinal fluid: A potential diagnostic marker in Alzheimer's disease

1995 • 296 citations

Tau protein and 14-3-3 protein in the differential diagnosis of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

2002 • 282 citations

CSF Total tau, Aβ42 and Phosphorylated tau Protein as Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease

2001 • 266 citations

Highly conserved and disease‐specific patterns of carboxyterminally truncated Aβ peptides 1–37/38/39 in addition to 1–40/42 in Alzheimer's disease and in patients with chronic neuroinflammation

2002 • 258 citations

Biological markers for therapeutic trials in Alzheimer’s disease

2003 • 256 citations

Plaque‐associated disruption of CSF and plasma amyloid‐β (Aβ) equilibrium in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

2002 • 255 citations

Large‐scale, multicenter study of cerebrospinal fluid tau protein phosphorylated at serine 199 for the antemortem diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

2001 • 251 citations

CSF tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 231 correlates with cognitive decline in MCI subjects

2002 • 248 citations

Cerebrospinal fluid tau and Aβ42 as predictors of development of Alzheimer's disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment

1999 • 244 citations

Both total and phosphorylated tau are increased in Alzheimer's disease

2001 • 240 citations

CSF levels of tau, β-amyloid 1-42 and GAP-43 in frontotemporal dementia, other types of dementia and normal aging

2000 • 236 citations

Cerebrospinal fluid tau protein as a biochemical marker for Alzheimer's disease: a community based follow up study

1998 • 232 citations

Reduced levels of amyloid β-peptide antibody in Alzheimer disease

2001 • 231 citations

Elevation of microtubule-associated protein tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease

1995 • 223 citations

Cerebrospinal fluid A?42 is increased early in sporadic Alzheimer's disease and declines with disease progression

1999 • 215 citations

Sensitivity, specificity, and stability of CSF-tau in AD in a community-based patient sample

1999 • 208 citations

Glucose Hypometabolism and Neuropathological Correlates in Brains of Dementia with Lewy Bodies

2000 • 203 citations

Cerebrospinal Fluid Beta-Amyloid 42 Is Reduced before the Onset of Sporadic Dementia: A Population-Based Study in 85-Year-Olds

2003 • 194 citations

Quantification of Axonal Damage in Traumatic Brain Injury

1999 • 187 citations

Cytoskeleton proteins in CSF distinguish frontotemporal dementia from AD

2000 • 175 citations

Detection of tau phosphorylated at threonine 231 in cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease patients

2000 • 175 citations

Decreased β-amyloid _1-42 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

2000 • 174 citations

Phosphorylated tau in human cerebrospinal fluid is a diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease

1999 • 173 citations

Increased tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease

1999 • 167 citations

Human antibodies against amyloid β peptide: A potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease

2002 • 162 citations

Decreased CSF amyloid β42 and normal tau levels in dementia with Lewy bodies

2000 • 159 citations

Assessment of CSF levels of tau protein in mildly demented patients with Alzheimer's disease

1997 • 151 citations

Decreased CSF-β-Amyloid 42 in Alzheimer’s Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis May Reflect Mismetabolism of β-Amyloid Induced by Disparate Mechanisms

2002 • 150 citations

Amyloid β protein 42(43) in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease

1997 • 146 citations

CSF phosphorylated tau is a possible marker for discriminating Alzheimer's disease from dementia with Lewy bodies

2001 • 144 citations

Increased cerebrospinal fluid tau in patients with Alzheimer's disease

1995 • 134 citations

Highly increased CSF tau protein and decreased beta-amyloid (1-42) in sporadic CJD: a discrimination from Alzheimer's disease?

2001 • 133 citations

Human anti- -amyloid antibodies block -amyloid fibril formation and prevent -amyloid-induced neurotoxicity

2003 • 128 citations

Tau in cerebrospinal fluids: establishment of the sandwich ELISA with antibody specific to the repeat sequence in tau

1995 • 128 citations

Mechanisms of neurofibrillary degeneration and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles

1998 • 126 citations

CSF Phosphorylated Tau Protein and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Prospective Study

2000 • 125 citations

Diagnostic accuracy of alzheimer’s disease: A neuropathological study

1996 • 120 citations

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of amyloid β‐protein in alzheimer's disease: Inverse correlation with severity of dementia and effect of apolipoprotein e genotype

1995 • 116 citations

Age-Dependent Change in the Levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Control Subjects, and a Decrease in the Ratio of Aβ42 to Aβ40 Level in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

2000 • 113 citations

Elevated levels of phosphorylated neurofilament proteins in cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer disease patients

2002 • 108 citations

Combined Analysis of CSF Tau Levels and [¹²³I]Iodoamphetamine SPECT in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Implications for a Novel Predictor of Alzheimer’s Disease

2002 • 108 citations

Longitudinal stability of CSF tau levels in Alzheimer patients

1999 • 108 citations

Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease

2003 • 105 citations

Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid β1–42 Levels in the Mild Cognitive Impairment Stage of Alzheimer's Disease

2001 • 98 citations

Relationship between apoE genotype and CSF β-amyloid (1–42) and tau in patients with probable and definite Alzheimer's disease

2000 • 95 citations

Discriminant power of combined cerebrospinal fluid τ protein and of the soluble interleukin-6 receptor complex in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease1Preliminary parts of this study have been presented in abstract form at the 6th International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, July 18–23, 1998, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and at the 28th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, November 7–12, 1998, Los Angeles, CA, USA.1

1999 • 95 citations

Tau protein concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type.

1995 • 95 citations

Cerebrospinal protein tau is elevated in early Alzheimer's disease

1996 • 92 citations

In vivo imaging of region and cell type specific neocortical neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease

2002 • 91 citations

Differentiation of Geriatric Major Depression From Alzheimer’s Disease With CSF Tau Protein Phosphorylated at Threonine 231

2003 • 88 citations

Dosing in phase II trial of Alzheimer's vaccine suspended

2002 • 87 citations

Advances in the development of biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease: from CSF total tau and Aβ1–42 proteins to phosphorylated tau protein

2003 • 86 citations

Tau Protein in Cerebrospinal Fluid Is Significantly Increased at the Earliest Clinical Stage of Alzheimer Disease

1998 • 86 citations

Cerebrospinal beta-amyloid (1–42) in early Alzheimer's disease: association with apolipoprotein E genotype and cognitive decline

2000 • 84 citations

?-amyloid peptides in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

2003 • 84 citations

Tau Protein in Cerebrospinal Fluid

1998 • 83 citations

Human antibodies reactive with beta-amyloid protein in Alzheimer's disease.

1993 • 83 citations

A Population-based Study of tau Protein and Ubiquitin in Cerebrospinal Fluid in 85-year-olds: Relation to Severity of Dementia and Cerebral Atrophy, but not to the Apolipoprotein E4 Allele

1995 • 76 citations

Cerebrospinal Fluid Phospho-Tau, Total Tau and β-Amyloid<sub>1–42</sub> in the Differentiation between Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia

2002 • 71 citations

Increasing cerebrospinal fluid tau levels in a subgroup of Alzheimer patients with apolipoprotein E allele ϵ4 during 14 months follow-up

1996 • 69 citations

CSF beta-amyloid, cognition, and APOE genotype in Alzheimer’s disease

1999 • 68 citations

CSF tau is related to apolipoprotein E genotype in early Alzheimer's disease

1998 • 64 citations

Levels of total tau and tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 181 in patients with incipient and manifest Alzheimer's disease

2003 • 61 citations

A comparison of tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid between corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy

1999 • 61 citations

Basic and clinical studies on the measurement of tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid as a biological marker of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: Multicenter study in Japan

1998 • 56 citations

Tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid as an aid in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

1995 • 56 citations

No increase in cerebrospinal fluid tau protein levels in patients with vascular dementia

1998 • 54 citations

Cerebrospinal fluid τ and β-amyloid(1-42) in dementia disorders

2001 • 50 citations

Tau and apo E in CSF

1999 • 50 citations

Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau Protein Levels in Demented and Nondemented Alcoholics

1999 • 50 citations

Elevated cerebrospinal fluid tau protein level as a predictor of dementia in memory-impaired individuals

1997 • 48 citations

Clinical significance of neurobiochemical profiles in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer’s disease patients

2001 • 46 citations

Increased CSF tau protein in corticobasal degeneration

1997 • 44 citations

Dependence of cerebrospinal fluid Tau protein levels on apolipoprotein E4 allele frequency in patients with Alzheimer's disease

1997 • 44 citations

Apolipoprotein E Genotyping and Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau Protein: Implications for the Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

1997 • 43 citations

Relationships Among Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

2002 • 43 citations

Increased incidence of anti-β-amyloid autoantibodies secreted by Epstein-Barr virus transformed B cell lines from patients with Alzheimer's disease

1997 • 39 citations

Effect of advanced glycation endproducts on cell cycle and their relevance for Alzheimer’s disease

2003 • 32 citations

High-resolution peptide mapping of cerebrospinal fluid: a novel concept for diagnosis and research in central nervous system diseases

2002 • 31 citations

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of amyloid β-peptide1–42, but not tau have positive correlation with brain glucose metabolism in humans

1999 • 30 citations

Effect of Genetic Risk Factors and Disease Progression on the Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau Levels in Alzheimer's Disease

1997 • 24 citations

Depression-related cognitive impairment: possibilities for its pharmacological treatment

1996 • 22 citations

Tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid from semantic dementia patients

2000 • 16 citations

Cerebrospinal fluid tau in dementia disorders

2000 • 3 citations