Thyroid hormone actions on cartilage and bone: interactions with other hormones at the epiphyseal plate and effects on linear growth

Estrogen Resistance Caused by a Mutation in the Estrogen-Receptor Gene in a Man

1994 • 2,443 citations

Regulation of Rate of Cartilage Differentiation by Indian Hedgehog and PTH-Related Protein

1996 • 1,952 citations

Aromatase deficiency in male and female siblings caused by a novel mutation and the physiological role of estrogens.

1995 • 1,354 citations

PTH/PTHrP Receptor in Early Development and Indian Hedgehog—Regulated Bone Growth

1996 • 1,303 citations

Mice lacking the vitamin D receptor exhibit impaired bone formation, uterine hypoplasia and growth retardation after weaning

1997 • 1,149 citations

The Syndromes of Resistance to Thyroid Hormone*

1993 • 804 citations

Differential Recognition of Target Genes by Nuclear Receptor Monomers, Dimers, and Heterodimers*

1994 • 789 citations

Retinoic acid receptors and cellular retinoid binding proteins: I. A systematic study of their differential pattern of transcription during mouse organogenesis

1990 • 587 citations

Aromatase deficiency in male and female siblings caused by a novel mutation and the physiological role of estrogens

1995 • 568 citations

Familial Syndrome Combining Deaf-Mutism, Stippled Epiphyses, Goiter and Abnormally High PBI: Possible Target Organ Refractoriness to Thyroid Hormone¹²

1967 • 553 citations

Recessive resistance to thyroid hormone in mice lacking thyroid hormone receptor beta: evidence for tissue-specific modulation of receptor function.

1996 • 432 citations

Catch-up Growth

1997 • 414 citations

Direct stimulation of bone resorption by thyroid hormones.

1976 • 372 citations

Thyroid hormone receptor β is essential for development of auditory function

1996 • 363 citations

Specific spatial and temporal distribution of retinoic acid receptor gamma transcripts during mouse embryogenesis

1990 • 351 citations

The T3Ralpha gene encoding a thyroid hormone receptor is essential for post-natal development and thyroid hormone production

1997 • 341 citations

Parathyroid hormone-related peptide delays terminal differentiation of chondrocytes during endochondral bone development.

1996 • 277 citations

Developmental analysis of the retinoic acid-inducible RAR-βJ2 promoter in transgenic animals

1991 • 258 citations

The syndromes of resistance to thyroid hormone

1993 • 233 citations

A Therapeutic Dilemma: Suppressive Doses of Thyroxine Significantly Reduce Bone Mineral Measurements in Both Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women with Thyroid Carcinoma

1991 • 219 citations

Thyroxine is the serum factor that regulates morphogenesis of columnar cartilage from isolated chondrocytes in chemically defined medium.

1994 • 215 citations

Osteoblasts mediate thyroid hormone stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption.

1994 • 208 citations

Differential effects of insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone on developmental stages of rat growth plate chondrocytes in vivo.

1994 • 205 citations

Estrogen Resistance Caused by a Mutation in the Estrogen-Receptor Gene in a Man

1995 • 168 citations

Induction of proliferation or hypertrophy of chondrocytes in serum-free culture: the role of insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin, or thyroxine.

1992 • 166 citations

Endocrine regulation of longitudinal bone growth

1993 • 153 citations

The expression of thyroid hormone receptors in human bone

1997 • 149 citations

Estrogen and thyroid hormone interaction on regulation of gene expression.

1996 • 146 citations

Thyroid hormones and bone

1993 • 145 citations

Effects of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and growth hormone- and IGF-binding proteins.

1993 • 140 citations

Thyroid hormone use and bone mineral density in elderly women. Effects of estrogen

1994 • 139 citations

Nuclear thyroid hormone receptors in cultured bone cells

1986 • 138 citations

Mice lacking all isoforms of retinoic acid receptor β develop normally and are susceptible to the teratogenic effects of retinoic acid

1995 • 132 citations

Evidence for a Direct in Vitro Action of Sex Steroids on Rabbit Cartilage Cells during Skeletal Growth: Influence of Age and Sex*

1987 • 126 citations

Thyroid Hormone Stimulates Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Cultured Rat Osteoblastic Cells (ROS 17/2.8) through 3,5,3′-Triiodo-L-Thyronine Nuclear Receptors*

1987 • 121 citations

Retinoic acid rapidly reduces cartilage matrix synthesis by altering gene transcription in chondrocytes

1987 • 120 citations

Thyroid Hormone and Growth Hormone Interact to Regulate Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Messenger Ribonucleic Acid and Circulating Levels in the Rat*

1989 • 116 citations

Cell proliferation, extracellular matrix mineralization, and ovotransferrin transient expression during in vitro differentiation of chick hypertrophic chondrocytes into osteoblast-like cells

1993 • 112 citations

Characterization of thyroid hormone (T3) receptors in three osteosarcoma cell lines of distinct osteoblast phenotype: interactions among T3, vitamin D3, and retinoid signaling.

1994 • 110 citations

Preliminary in situ identification of estrogen target cells in bone

1995 • 110 citations

Terminal Differentiation of Chondrocytes in Culture Is a Spontaneous Process and Is Arrested by Transforming Growth Factor-β2 and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Synergy

1995 • 109 citations

Thyroid hormone, insulin, and glucocorticoids are sufficient to support chondrocyte differentiation to hypertrophy: a serum-free analysis.

1992 • 108 citations

Specificity and flexibility of vitamin D signaling. Modulation of the activation of natural vitamin D response elements by thyroid hormone.

1994 • 107 citations

Antipeptide polyclonal antibodies specifically recognize each human thyroid hormone receptor isoform.

1992 • 101 citations

In serum-free culture thyroid hormones can induce full expression of chondrocyte hypertrophy leading to matrix calcification

1996 • 98 citations

EFFECT OF THYROID HORMONE ON GROWTH

1996 • 97 citations

Retinoic Acid Receptor α Function in Vertebrate Limb Skeletogenesis: a Modulator of Chondrogenesis

1997 • 94 citations

Effect of Thyroid Hormone and Growth Hormone on Recovery from Hypothyroidism of Epiphyseal Growth Plate Cartilage and Its Adjacent Bone

1989 • 93 citations

Biological Effects of Androgens and Identification of Specific Dihydrotestosterone-Binding Sites in Cultured Human Fetal Epiphyseal Chondrocytes*

1990 • 92 citations

Modulation of the rabbit chondrocyte phenotype by retinoic acid terminates type II collagen synthesis without inducing type I collagen: The modulated phenotype differs from that produced by subculture

1986 • 90 citations

Tri-iodothyronine stimulates rat osteoclastic bone resorption by an indirect effect

1992 • 87 citations

Bone mineral density in thyroxine treated females with or without a previous history of thyrotoxicosis

1994 • 84 citations

Dimerization interfaces of thyroid hormone, retinoic acid, vitamin D, and retinoid X receptors

1993 • 83 citations

Normal and Aberrant Growth

2011 • 82 citations

Triiodothyronine stimulates maturation of porcine growth-plate cartilage in vitro.

1982 • 82 citations

Triiodothyronine Stimulation of in Vitro Growth and Maturation of Embryonic Chick Cartilage*

1982 • 80 citations

The Regulatory Role of Thyroid Hormones in Bone Cell Growth and Differentiation

1995 • 80 citations

Bone growth: Coordinating chondrocyte differentiation

1996 • 79 citations

Stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity by thyroid hormone in mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1): a possible mechanism of hyperalkaline phosphatasia in hyperthyroidism.

1988 • 78 citations

Hormonal regulation of longitudinal bone growth

1986 • 76 citations

THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH GROWTH HORMONE BRINGS ABOUT GROWTH

1996 • 75 citations

Binding of type II nuclear receptors and estrogen receptor to full and half-site estrogen response elements in vitro

1997 • 75 citations

Characterization of Site-Specific Polyclonal Antibodies to c-erbA Peptides Recognizing Human Thyroid Hormone Receptors α1, α2, and β and native 3,5,3′- Triiodothyronine Receptor, and Study of Tissue Distribution of the Antigen

1990 • 74 citations

Effects of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and growth hormone- and IGF-binding proteins

1993 • 72 citations

Estrogen receptors in cultured rabbit articular chondrocytes: Influence of age

1988 • 70 citations

Triiodothyronine stimulates cartilage growth and maturation by different mechanisms

1987 • 69 citations

Age-dependent responsiveness of rabbit and human cartilage cells to sex steroids in vitro

1991 • 68 citations

Regulation of proliferation of rat cartilage and bone by sex steroid hormones

1991 • 68 citations

Mouse embryos lacking RXRα are resistant to retinoic-acid-induced limb defects

1995 • 66 citations

Estradiol receptors in articular chondrocytes

1982 • 64 citations

Effects of tri-iodothyronine and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on alkaline phosphatase activity, [3H]thymidine incorporation and IGF-I receptor mRNA in cultured rat epiphyseal chondrocytes

1992 • 64 citations

Gender-specific, maturation-dependent effects of testosterone on chondrocytes in culture.

1994 • 62 citations

1,25(OH)2D3 receptor regulation and 1,25(OH)2D3 effects in primary cultures of growth cartilage cells of the rat

1991 • 62 citations

Direct administration of testosterone increases rat tibial epiphyseal growth plate width

1989 • 61 citations

Differential effects of hypothyroidism on the cartilage and the osteogenic process in the mandibular condyle: recovery by growth hormone and thyroxine.

1994 • 59 citations

Triiodothyronine (T3) stimulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-2 production by rat osteoblasts in vitro

1992 • 59 citations

Thyroid Hormone Use and Bone Mineral Density in Elderly Women

1994 • 57 citations

Parathyroid hormone-related peptide delays terminal differentiation of chondrocytes during endochondral bone development

1996 • 56 citations

Role of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in growth-plate cartilage: inhibition of terminal differentiation of chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo.

1990 • 56 citations

Influence of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone on bone-matrix induced endochondral bone formation

1989 • 55 citations

Synergistic effects of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on proliferation and vitamin D receptor expression of rat growth cartilage cells.

1994 • 55 citations

Retinoids modify regulation of endogenous gene expression by vitamin D3 and thyroid hormone in three osteosarcoma cell lines.

1995 • 53 citations

Characterization of specific thyroid hormone receptors in bone

1988 • 53 citations

4. Hormonal regulation of longitudinal bone growth

1994 • 53 citations

Immunohistochemical detection and northern blot analysis of estrogen receptor in osteoblastic cells

1993 • 52 citations

1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits cell growth and chondrogenesis of a clonal mouse EC cell line, ATDC5

1996 • 52 citations

Thyroid hormone 5′-deiodinase activity, nuclear binding, and effects on mitogenesis in umr-106 osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells

1989 • 51 citations

Influence of Clinical Characteristics and Parameters Associated with Thyroid Hormone Therapy on the Bone Mineral Density of Women Treated with Thyroid Hormone

1994 • 49 citations

Interactions between Steroid Hormones and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in Rabbit Chondrocytes

1991 • 49 citations

Sex steroid hormone receptors in normal and dysplastic bone disorders in children

1990 • 47 citations

Retinoid-Induced Epiphyseal Plate Closure in Guinea Pigs

1996 • 46 citations

Inhibition of the chondrocyte phenotype by retinoic acid involves upregulation of metalloprotease genes independent of TGF‐β

1994 • 44 citations

Spatial and temporal expression pattern of retinoic acid receptor genes during mouse bone development

1989 • 41 citations

Characterization of thyroid hormone (T3) receptors in three osteosarcoma cell lines of distinct osteoblast phenotype: interactions among T3, vitamin D3, and retinoid signaling

1994 • 40 citations

Characterization of the Mineralization Process in Cultures of Rabbit Growth Plate Chondrocytes

1993 • 38 citations

Effects of triiodothyronine (T3) and identification of specific nuclear T3-binding sites in cultured human fetal epiphyseal chondrocytes.

1992 • 35 citations

Thyroid Hormone Enhancement of Estradiol Stimulation of Breast Carcinoma Proliferation

1995 • 34 citations

Thyroid hormone, vitamin D and retinoid receptor expression and signalling in primary cultures of rat osteoblastic and immortalised osteosarcoma cells

1997 • 34 citations

Estradiol and tamoxifen interactions with thyroid hormone in the ovariectomized-thyroidectomized rat.

1995 • 33 citations

Developmental changes and differential regulation by testosterone and estradiol of growth hormone receptor expression in the rabbit

1996 • 32 citations

Growth plate chondrocyte vitamin D receptor number and affinity are reduced in avian tibial dyschondroplastic lesions

1996 • 32 citations

Effect of testosterone on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-I receptor gene expression in the hypophysectomized rat.

1992 • 32 citations

Identification of growth hormone receptors on human growth plate chondrocytes

1993 • 31 citations

Studies on growth plate chondrocytes in situ: cell proliferation and differentiation

1993 • 23 citations

Thyroid hormone therapy and the skeleton

1993 • 22 citations

Retinoids modify regulation of endogenous gene expression by vitamin D3 and thyroid hormone in three osteosarcoma cell lines

1995 • 22 citations

Single cell enzyme activity and proliferation in the growth plate: Effects of growth hormone

1996 • 21 citations

Inhibition of Proliferation of Chondrocytes by Specific Receptors in Response to Retinoids

1996 • 20 citations

Gender-specific, maturation-dependent effects of testosterone on chondrocytes in culture

1994 • 19 citations

Calbindin-D28K and -D9K and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 receptor immunolocalization and mineralization induction in long-term primary cultures of rat epiphyseal chondrocytes

1995 • 17 citations

Synergistic effects of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on proliferation and vitamin D receptor expression of rat growth cartilage cells

1994 • 17 citations

Differential effects of hypothyroidism on the cartilage and the osteogenic process in the mandibular condyle: recovery by growth hormone and thyroxine

1994 • 17 citations

Tamoxifen and ICI 182,780 interactions with thyroid hormone in the ovariectomized-thyroidectomized rat.

1997 • 16 citations

9-cis retinoic acid antagonizes the stimulatory effect of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 on chondrogenesis of chick limb bud mesenchymal cells: interactions of their receptors.

1996 • 16 citations

Effect of testosterone on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF- I receptor gene expression in the hypophysectomized rat

1992 • 13 citations

Effect of thyroid hormone and growth hormone on recovery from hypothyroidism of epiphyseal growth plate cartilage and its adjacent bone

2023 • 13 citations

Hormonal stimulation of avian embryonic cartilage growth in vitro: Histologic and ultrastructural features

1984 • 9 citations

Testosterone metabolism in male rat epiphysis

1976 • 6 citations

Retinoid-Induced Epiphyseal Plate Closure in Guinea Pigs

1996 • 4 citations