Mediation of artifacts in behavioral research

A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance

1957 • 21,402 citations

A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance

2017 • 18,931 citations

Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.

1959 • 16,404 citations

Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research

2008 • 8,581 citations

Handbook of Social Psychology

2013 • 7,684 citations

A Theory of Psychological Reactance

1968 • 5,014 citations

On the social psychology of the psychological experiment: With particular reference to demand characteristics and their implications.

1962 • 3,823 citations

The unresponsive bystander : why doesn't he help?

1970 • 2,342 citations

Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research

1968 • 1,687 citations

Tactics of Scientific Research

1960 • 1,642 citations

Conflict, Decision and Dissonance

1965 • 1,375 citations

Artifact in behavioral research

1969 • 1,189 citations

Some Conditions of Obedience and Disobedience to Authority

1965 • 1,112 citations

Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research.

1967 • 1,057 citations

The nature of hypnosis: Artifact and essence.

1959 • 921 citations

Hypnosis: A Scientific Approach

1970 • 633 citations

Experimentation in social psychology.

1998 • 532 citations

An extension of control group design.

1949 • 524 citations

When dissonance fails: On eliminating evaluation apprehension from attitude measurement.

1965 • 453 citations

Personality and Attitude Change: An Information-Processing Theory

1968 • 382 citations

Subject effects in laboratory research: An examination of subject roles, demand characteristics, and valid inference.

1972 • 357 citations

Cognitive manipulation of pain

1966 • 353 citations

Decisions, Values, and Groups

1961 • 276 citations

Role Theory: Concepts and Research.

1967 • 272 citations

Evaluation apprehension and the social facilitation of dominant and subordinate responses.

1968 • 249 citations

The human subject in psychological research

1968 • 208 citations

Situated Identities and Social Psychological Experimentation

1971 • 199 citations

Some unintended consequences of rigorous research.

1968 • 199 citations

The Volunteer Subject

1965 • 199 citations

The Relevance of Laboratory Studies to Practical Situations

1967 • 163 citations

Methodological Bias in Public Opinion Surveys

1972 • 162 citations

The effect of social reward on verbal conditioning in psychopathic and neurotic military offenders.

1962 • 160 citations

Person Perception and Interpersonal Behavior.

1959 • 150 citations

The contribution of nondeprivation factors in the production of sensory deprivation effects: The psychology of the "panic button."

1964 • 141 citations

Systematic and Representative Design of Psychological Experiments. With Results in Physical and Social Perception

1949 • 137 citations

The cooperative subject: Myth or reality?

1970 • 122 citations

The experimental situation as a psychological problem.

1933 • 120 citations

Subject selection bias in psychological research.

1966 • 119 citations

The experimenter: A neglected stimulus object.

1963 • 117 citations

Suspicion of deception: Implications for conformity research.

1967 • 110 citations

Role playing: An alternative to deception? A review of the evidence.

1972 • 109 citations

“Debriefing” and susceptibility to subsequent experimental manipulations

1966 • 107 citations

Social psychology of a classical conditioning of attitudes experiment.

1969 • 104 citations

Contagious Bias in the Interview: A Methodological Note

1929 • 103 citations

Role-related behavior of the subject and psychologist and its effects upon psychological data.

1966 • 99 citations

The Nature-Nurture Controversy.

1950 • 97 citations

The true deceiver.

1967 • 90 citations

Ethical standards as an independent variable in psychological research.

1973 • 90 citations

Conformity, Independence, and Anticonformity

1965 • 90 citations

Prior deception and subsequent experimental performance: The "faithful" subject.

1966 • 82 citations

Some research trends in social psychology during the 1960s.

1972 • 80 citations

Beyond the laboratory : field research in social psychology

1972 • 79 citations

Occurrence of posthypnotic behavior outside the experimental setting.

1968 • 75 citations

Effects of deceiving and debriefing psychological subjects on performance in later experiments.

1970 • 71 citations

Awareness, learning, and the beneficent subject as expert witness.

1967 • 70 citations

Demand characteristics and three conceptions of the frequently deceived subject.

1970 • 66 citations

Effects of perceived role and role success on the detection of deception.

1965 • 57 citations

Confession of awareness and prior knowledge of deception as a function of interview set and approval motivation.

1970 • 56 citations

The Social Nature of Psychological Research: The Psychological Experiment as a Social Interaction.

1968 • 56 citations

Current practices and problems in the use of college students for psychological research.

1969 • 52 citations

Predicting the conclusions of Negro—White intelligence research from biographical characteristics of the investigator.

1968 • 51 citations

Amount of experience in experiments as a determinant of performance in later experiments.

1967 • 50 citations

Self-disclosure and the volunteer: A source of bias in laboratory experiments.

1971 • 50 citations

Experimenter-expectancy effect as a function of evaluation apprehension.

1970 • 47 citations

Psychopathy, neuroticism, and verbal conditioning.

1965 • 46 citations

Nonnaivety contamination in conformity experiments: Sources, effects, and implications for control.

1970 • 43 citations

Role-Related Behavior of Subjects in Laboratory Studies of Attitude Change.

1968 • 41 citations

A further assessment of attention-placebo effects and demand characteristics in studies of systematic desensitization.

1972 • 41 citations

Players, Persons, and Purposes: Situational Meaning and the Prisoner's Dilemma Game

1969 • 40 citations

Pretest-treatment interaction effects in attitudinal studies.

1959 • 38 citations

The experimenter as a source of variance in psychological research: Modeling and sex effects.

1972 • 36 citations

To cooperate or to look good?: The subjects' and experimenters' perceptions of each others' intentions

1972 • 32 citations

Volunteering and the recall of interrupted tasks.

1963 • 31 citations

Influence of Suggestion and Subjects' Prior Knowledge in Research on Sensory Deprivation

1962 • 31 citations

More on the social psychology of the experiment: When compliance turns to self-defense.

1973 • 31 citations

A Conceptual Model of Artifact in Attitude Change Studies

1970 • 29 citations

Experimental Expectations and Autokinetic Experiences: Consistency Theories and Judgmental Convergence

1970 • 28 citations

Modification of figure-ground perception as a function of awareness of demand characteristics.

1968 • 27 citations

Reactive effects of pretesting in attitude research.

1970 • 27 citations

More on the "faithful" behavior of suspicious subjects

1970 • 25 citations

Cooperation with demand characteristics and the bimodal distribution of verbal conditioning data

1968 • 24 citations

The influence of dependency inhibition on the effectiveness of social reinforcement1

1961 • 23 citations

Hypnosis: A scientific approach

1970 • 23 citations

Role of Demand Awareness in the Communicator Credibility Effect

1970 • 22 citations

Volunteer Effects on Experimental Outcomes

1969 • 21 citations

Effects of role demands and test-cue properties upon personality test performance.

1967 • 21 citations

Volunteer Subjects and the Results of Opinion Change Studies

1966 • 20 citations

Interviewer-Bias and the Recall of Incompletely Learned Materials

1942 • 18 citations

Nature of prior experimental experience as a determinant of performance in a subsequent experiment.

1970 • 17 citations

Effects of the volunteer subject, choice, and fear arousal on attitude change

1970 • 16 citations

On the False Alarm Metaphor in Psychophysics

1966 • 15 citations

One-Sided Versus Two-Sided Communication Under Indirect Awareness of Persuasive Intent

1968 • 14 citations

More On the Reactive Effects of Pretesting in Attitude Research: Demand Characteristics or Subject Commitment?

1973 • 11 citations

Experimenter bias and other possible biases in psychological research

1971 • 11 citations

Incentive to perform counterattitudinal acts: Bribe or gold star?

1971 • 10 citations

Hypnosis as Role Enactment: The Role Demand Variable

1966 • 8 citations

“Irrelevant” Aspects of Stooge Behavior: Implications for Leadership Studies and Experimental Methodology

2017 • 6 citations

A Comparison of Sophisticated and Naive Subjects by the Association-Reaction Method

1925 • 6 citations

Systematic Variation in the Clarity of Demand Characteristics in an Experiment Employing a Confederate

1970 • 6 citations

"Irrelevant" Aspects of Stooge Behavior: Implications for Leadership Studies and Experimental Methodology

1965 • 5 citations

Integrating the Organization: A Social Psychological Analysis.

1976 • 5 citations

SOCIALIZATION AND CONFORMITY

1971 • 4 citations

Effects of hunger on responses to demand characteristics in the measurement of persuasion

1969 • 4 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations