Mechanistic aspects of NF-κB regulation: The emerging role of phosphorylation and proteolysis

Function and Activation of NF-kappaB in the Immune System

1994 • 4,698 citations

Inhibitors of the proteasome block the degradation of most cell proteins and the generation of peptides presented on MHC class I molecules

1994 • 2,480 citations

IκB: a Specific Inhibitor of the NF-κB Transcription Factor

1988 • 2,203 citations

An inducible transcription factor activates expression of human immunodeficiency virus in T cells

1987 • 2,149 citations

The ubiquitinproteasome pathway is required for processing the NF-κB1 precursor protein and the activation of NF-κB

1994 • 2,124 citations

Structure, Regulation and Function of NF-kappaB

1994 • 2,110 citations

Inducibility of κ immunoglobulin enhancer-binding protein NF-κB by a posttranslational mechanism

1986 • 2,043 citations

The ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway

1994 • 1,778 citations

Control of IκB-α Proteolysis by Site-Specific, Signal-Induced Phosphorylation

1995 • 1,443 citations

Signal-induced site-specific phosphorylation targets I kappa B alpha to the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.

1995 • 1,296 citations

NF-κB: A lesson in family values

1995 • 1,266 citations

Activation in vitro of NF-κB" by phosphorylation of its inhibitor IκB"

1990 • 1,202 citations

Activation of DNA-binding activity in an apparently cytoplasmic precursor of the NF-κB transcription factor

1988 • 1,200 citations

Targeted disruption of the p50 subunit of NF-κB leads to multifocal defects in immune responses

1995 • 1,184 citations

NF-κB Controls Expression of Inhibitor IκBα: Evidence for an Inducible Autoregulatory Pathway

1993 • 1,141 citations

Rapid proteolysis of IκB-α is necessary for activation of transcription factor NF-κB

1993 • 1,129 citations

Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 lead to phosphorylation and loss of I kappa B alpha: a mechanism for NF-kappa B activation.

1993 • 1,047 citations

Phosphorylation of human I kappa B-alpha on serines 32 and 36 controls I kappa B-alpha proteolysis and NF-kappa B activation in response to diverse stimuli.

1995 • 1,010 citations

The DNA binding subunit of NF-κB is identical to factor KBF1 and homologous to the rel oncogene product

1990 • 900 citations

Cloning of the p50 DNA binding subunit of NF-κB: Homology to rel and dorsal

1990 • 870 citations

The I kappa B proteins: multifunctional regulators of Rel/NF-kappa B transcription factors.

1993 • 819 citations

Multiorgan inflammation and hematopoietic abnormalities in mice with a targeted disruption of RelB, a member of the NF-κB/Rel family

1995 • 810 citations

Expression of relB is required for the development of thymic medulla and dendritic cells

1995 • 794 citations

IκB-β regulates the persistent response in a biphasic activation of NF-κB

1995 • 780 citations

Characterization of an immediate-early gene induced in adherent monocytes that encodes IκB-like activity

1991 • 746 citations

Mice lacking the c-rel proto-oncogene exhibit defects in lymphocyte proliferation, humoral immunity, and interleukin-2 expression.

1995 • 740 citations

I kappa B interacts with the nuclear localization sequences of the subunits of NF-kappa B: a mechanism for cytoplasmic retention.

1992 • 731 citations

A proteasome inhibitor prevents activation of NF-kappa B and stabilizes a newly phosphorylated form of I kappa B-alpha that is still bound to NF-kappa B.

1994 • 723 citations

Coupling of a Signal Response Domain in IκBα to Multiple Pathways for NF-κB Activation

1995 • 706 citations

A gradient of nuclear localization of the dorsal protein determines dorsoventral pattern in the Drosophila embryo

1989 • 652 citations

DNA binding and IκB inhibition of the cloned p65 subunit of NF-κB, a rel-related polypeptide

1991 • 604 citations

Structure of NF-κB p50 homodimer bound to a κB site

1995 • 564 citations

Structure of the NF-κB p50 homodimer bound to DNA

1995 • 525 citations

A 65-kappaD subunit of active NF-kappaB is required for inhibition of NF-kappaB by I kappaB.

1989 • 517 citations

The oncoprotein Bcl-3 directly transactivates through κB motifs via association with DNA-binding p50B homodimers

1993 • 506 citations

The graded distribution of the dorsal morphogen is initiated by selective nuclear transport in Drosophila

1989 • 472 citations

Dif, a dorsal-related gene that mediates an immune response in Drosophila

1993 • 464 citations

Convergence of Ets- and Notch-Related Structural Motifs in a Heteromeric DNA Binding Complex

1991 • 464 citations

Isolation of a rel -related Human cDNAThat Potentially Encodes the 65-kD Subunit of NF-κB

1991 • 448 citations

Purified human IκB can rapidly dissociate the complex of the NF-κB transcription factor with its cognate DNA

1990 • 445 citations

Inducible Nuclear Expression of Newly Synthesized IκBα Negatively Regulates DNA-Binding and Transcriptional Activities of NF-κB

1995 • 442 citations

Relocalization of the dorsal protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus correlates with its function

1989 • 431 citations

Autoregulation of I kappa B alpha activity.

1994 • 419 citations

The candidate proto-oncogene bcl-3 encodes a transcriptional coactivator that activates through NF-kappa B p50 homodimers.

1993 • 416 citations

Cloning of an NF-κB subunit which stimulates HIV transcription in synergy with p65

1991 • 410 citations

The precursor of NF-κB p50 has IκB-like functions

1992 • 409 citations

In Vitro Activation and Nuclear Translocation of NF-κB Catalyzed by Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase and Protein Kinase C

1989 • 389 citations

RelB, a new Rel family transcription activator that can interact with p50-NF-kappa B.

1992 • 375 citations

Activation of NF-kappa B in vivo is regulated by multiple phosphorylations.

1994 • 362 citations

The p65 subunit of NF-kappa B regulates I kappa B by two distinct mechanisms.

1993 • 361 citations

Phosphorylation of IκBα Precedes but Is Not Sufficient for Its Dissociation from NF-κB

1995 • 351 citations

Cytokine-inducible expression in endothelial cells of an I kappa B alpha-like gene is regulated by NF kappa B.

1993 • 338 citations

Promoter analysis of the gene encoding the I kappa B-alpha/MAD3 inhibitor of NF-kappa B: positive regulation by members of the rel/NF-kappa B family.

1993 • 331 citations

Cloning of a mitogen-inducible gene encoding a κB DNA-binding protein with homology to the rel oncogene and to cell-cycle motifs

1990 • 330 citations

Nuclear uptake control of NF-kappa B by MAD-3, an I kappa B protein present in the nucleus.

1993 • 330 citations

In vivo control of NF-kappa B activation by I kappa B alpha.

1993 • 326 citations

Identification and purification of a human immunoglobulin-enhancer-binding protein (NF-kappa B) that activates transcription from a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter in vitro.

1988 • 309 citations

Inducible phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha is not sufficient for its dissociation from NF-kappa B and is inhibited by protease inhibitors.

1994 • 302 citations

A novel mitogen-inducible gene product related to p50/p105-NF-kappa B participates in transactivation through a kappa B site.

1992 • 281 citations

Sequential Induction of NF-κB/Rel Family Proteins during B-Cell Terminal Differentiation

1994 • 275 citations

The characterization of the promoter of the gene encoding the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B indicates that it participates in its own regulation.

1992 • 258 citations

I kappa B/MAD-3 masks the nuclear localization signal of NF-kappa B p65 and requires the transactivation domain to inhibit NF-kappa B p65 DNA binding.

1992 • 252 citations

cactus, a gene involved in dorsoventral pattern formation of Drosophila, is related to the IκB gene family of vertebrates

1992 • 243 citations

Lipopolysaccharide induces phosphorylation of MAD3 and activation of c-Rel and related NF-kappa B proteins in human monocytic THP-1 cells

1993 • 239 citations

The ankyrin repeat domains of the NF-kappa B precursor p105 and the protooncogene bcl-3 act as specific inhibitors of NF-kappa B DNA binding.

1992 • 234 citations

Cloning of the DNA-binding subunit of human nuclear factor kappa B: the level of its mRNA is strongly regulated by phorbol ester or tumor necrosis factor alpha.

1991 • 230 citations

Characterization of the Drosophila cactus locus and analysis of interactions between cactus and dorsal proteins

1992 • 230 citations

In vitro activation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B catalyzed by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C.

1989 • 220 citations

Three NF-χB sites in the IχB-α promoter are required for induction of gene expression by TNFα

1994 • 219 citations

Proteolytic degradation of MAD3 (IϰBα) and enhanced processing of the NF-ϰB precursor p105 are obligatory steps in the activation of NF-ϰB

1993 • 194 citations

Autoregulation of the NF-kappa B transactivator RelA(p65) by multiple cytoplasmic inhibitors containing ankyrinmotifs.

1994 • 187 citations

Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type I Tax Activation of NF-ΝB/Rel Involves Phosphorylation and Degradation of IΙBκ and RelA (p65)-Mediated Induction of the italic toc-rel Gene

1994 • 186 citations

Enhanced I kappa B alpha degradation is responsible for constitutive NF-kappa B activity in mature murine B-cell lines.

1994 • 178 citations

The IκB proteins: members of a multifunctional family

1993 • 169 citations

In Vivo Stimulation of IκB Phosphorylation Is Not Sufficient To Activate NF-κB

1995 • 164 citations

The NF-kappa B precursor p105 and the proto-oncogene product Bcl-3 are I kappa B molecules and control nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B.

1993 • 155 citations

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax activation of NF-kappa B/Rel involves phosphorylation and degradation of I kappa B alpha and RelA (p65)-mediated induction of the c-rel gene.

1994 • 142 citations

Direct association of pp40/I kappa B beta with rel/NF-kappa B transcription factors: role of ankyrin repeats in the inhibition of DNA binding activity.

1992 • 140 citations

Sequential induction of NF-kappa B/Rel family proteins during B-cell terminal differentiation.

1994 • 137 citations

Transcriptional Regulation of NF-κB2: Evidence for κB-Mediated Positive and Negative Autoregulation

1994 • 112 citations

NF-κB p100 (Lyt-10) is a Component of H2TF1 and can Function as an IκB-Like Molecule

1993 • 106 citations

Maintenance of NF-kappa B activity is dependent on protein synthesis and the continuous presence of external stimuli.

1991 • 105 citations

Promoter of the human NF-kappa B p50/p105 gene. Regulation by NF-kappa B subunits and by c-REL.

1993 • 104 citations

Inducible Degradation of IκBα In Vitro and In Vivo Requires the Acidic C-Terminal Domain of the Protein

1995 • 103 citations

Sphingomyelinase activates proteolytic I kappa B-alpha degradation in a cell-free system.

1994 • 100 citations

Identification of a new serine kinase that activates NF kappa B by direct phosphorylation.

1993 • 96 citations

Common structural constituents confer I kappa B activity to NF-kappa B p105 and I kappa B/MAD-3.

1993 • 92 citations

Proteolytic Processing of NF- κB/I κB in Human Monocytes

1995 • 88 citations

Structure and autoregulation of the c-rel promoter.

1990 • 70 citations

Phosphorylation of NF-KB1-p50 is involved in NF-kappa B activation and stable DNA binding.

1994 • 66 citations

Protease inhibitors block lipopolysaccharide induction of tissue factor gene expression in human monocytic cells by preventing activation of c-Rel/p65 heterodimers

1994 • 58 citations

Transcriptional regulation of NF-kappa B2: evidence for kappa B-mediated positive and negative autoregulation.

1994 • 55 citations

The NF-kappa B p65 promoter.

1993 • 55 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-dependent Activation of a RelA Homodimer in Astrocytes

1995 • 55 citations

rel Is rapidly tyrosine-phosphorylated following granulocyte-colony stimulating factor treatment of human neutrophils.

1994 • 52 citations

Transcriptional induction of the murine c-rel gene with serum and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate in fibroblasts.

1989 • 49 citations

Identification of complex formation between two intracellular tyrosine kinase substrates: human c-Rel and the p105 precursor of p50 NF-kappa B.

1992 • 47 citations

NF-κB/Rel family members are physically associated phosphoproteins

1994 • 46 citations

NF-kappa B p100 (Lyt-10) is a component of H2TF1 and can function as an I kappa B-like molecule.

1993 • 44 citations

Molecular genetics of Drosophila immunity

1994 • 44 citations

I kappa B alpha can localize in the nucleus but shows no direct transactivation potential.

1993 • 41 citations

Physiologic turnover of nuclear factor kappa B by nuclear proteolysis.

1994 • 37 citations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection Requires Reverse Transcription of Nascent Viral RNA

1993 • 7 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations