Current views of the pathobiochemistry of epilepsy

Elevation of the Extracellular Concentrations of Glutamate and Aspartate in Rat Hippocampus During Transient Cerebral Ischemia Monitored by Intracerebral Microdialysis

1984 • 2,884 citations

Excitatory Amino Acid Transmitters

1981 • 2,488 citations

Glutamate and the pathophysiology of hypoxic–ischemic brain damage

1986 • 2,428 citations

Excitatory amino acids in synaptic transmission in the Schaffer collateral‐commissural pathway of the rat hippocampus.

1983 • 2,376 citations

Glutamate: A Neurotransmitter in Mammalian Brain

1984 • 1,981 citations

NMDA-receptor activation increases cytoplasmic calcium concentration in cultured spinal cord neurones

1986 • 1,842 citations

Blockade of N -Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors May Protect Against Ischemic Damage in the Brain

1984 • 1,689 citations

Chemical Nature of Synaptic Transmission in Vertebrates

1974 • 1,613 citations

Kainic acid as a tool in neurobiology

1978 • 1,314 citations

Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies.

1970 • 1,131 citations

Synaptic release of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter mediates anoxic neuronal death

1984 • 893 citations

The role of calcium in the release of neurotransmitter substances and hormones.

1970 • 871 citations

Glutamate neurotoxicity in cortical cell culture is calcium dependent

1985 • 818 citations

Quinolinic acid: A potent endogenous excitant at amino acid receptors in CNS

1981 • 728 citations

Anticonvulsant Action of Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists

1982 • 692 citations

Kainic acid induced limbic seizures: metabolic, behavioral, electroencephalographic and neuropathological correlates

1981 • 683 citations

Glutamine, glutamate and gaba in the central nervous system

1986 • 673 citations

Etiology and Pathogenesis of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

1964 • 663 citations

Amino acid neurotransmitters and their pathways in the mammalian central nervous system

1983 • 646 citations

The role of calcium in cell death

1981 • 637 citations

Extracellular free calcium and potassium during paroxysmal activity in the cerebral cortex of the cat

1977 • 636 citations

Kainic acid as a tool for the study of temporal lobe epilepsy

1981 • 584 citations

Anatomical distributions of four pharmacologically distinct 3H-L-glutamate binding sites

1983 • 522 citations

Enhancement of calcium current in Aplysia neurones by phorbol ester and protein kinase C

1985 • 476 citations

Cellular Origin of Ischemia‐Induced Glutamate Release from Brain Tissue In Vivo and In Vitro

1985 • 464 citations

Coupling of Inositol Phospholipid Metabolism with Excitatory Amino Acid Recognition Sites in Rat Hippocampus

1986 • 444 citations

Synchronized bursting of CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells in the absence of synaptic transmission

1982 • 441 citations

The role of epileptic activity in hippocampal and ‘remote’ cerebral lesions induced by kainic acid

1980 • 428 citations

CLINICAL COURSE AND PROGNOSIS OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY: A Survey of 666 Patients

1971 • 398 citations

Long-term potentiation of the perforant path in vivo is associated with increased glutamate release

1982 • 387 citations

Mechanism of anticonvulsant action of valproate

1982 • 344 citations

Interictal cerebral glucose metabolism in partial epilepsy and its relation to EEG changes

1982 • 323 citations

INCISURAL SCLEROSIS AND TEMPORAL LOBE SEIZURES PRODUCED BY HIPPOCAMPAL HERNIATION AT BIRTH

1953 • 322 citations

CEREBRAL METABOLIC CHANGES DURING PROLONGED EPILEPTIC SEIZURES IN RATS

1977 • 316 citations

Quinolinic acid and other kynurenines in the central nervous system

1985 • 311 citations

Micromolar L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid selectively inhibits perforant path synapses from lateral entorhinal cortex

1981 • 307 citations

Actions of D and L forms of 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate and 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate in the cat spinal cord

1982 • 302 citations

The role of specific ions in glutamate neurotoxicity

1986 • 298 citations

CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLIC RATE EARLY AND LATE IN PROLONGED EPILEPTIC SEIZURES INDUCED IN RATS BY BICUCULLINE

1976 • 296 citations

L-Glutamate has higher affinity than other amino acids for [3H]-D-AP5 binding sites in rat brain membranes

1984 • 293 citations

Kainic acid stimulates excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter release at presynaptic receptors

1982 • 285 citations

Surgical Treatment of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy Due to Mesial Temporal Sclerosis

1968 • 273 citations

VARIATION IN ACETYLCHOLINE CONTENT OF THE BRAIN WITH PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE

1949 • 271 citations

Calcium and potassium changes in extracellular microenvironment of cat cerebellar cortex

1978 • 268 citations

Protection against chemically induced seizures by 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid

1982 • 258 citations

Amino acid content of epileptogenic human brain: Focal versus surrounding regions

1972 • 258 citations

{¹⁸F}fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in refractory complex partial seizures

1983 • 246 citations

Hippocampal pyramidal cells: significance of dendritic ionic conductances for neuronal function and epileptogenesis

1979 • 244 citations

EFFECTS OF SODIUM GLUTAMATE ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

1954 • 235 citations

Secondary Epileptogenic Lesions

1959 • 232 citations

CEREBRAL ENERGY METABOLISM DURING EXPERIMENTAL STATUS EPILEPTICUS¹

1975 • 218 citations

The Molecular basis of neuropathology

1981 • 217 citations

Kainic acid-induced seizures: Dose-relationship of behavioural neurochemical and histopathological changes

1985 • 215 citations

Biological Factors in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

1967 • 210 citations

The anatomy of the CNS cholinergic neurons

1984 • 207 citations

Neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acid receptor agonists in rat cerebellar slices: Dependence on calcium concentration

1986 • 204 citations

The kindling model of epilepsy

1983 • 197 citations

Rate of release of amino acids from the cerebral cortex in the cat as affected by brainstem and thalamic stimulation

1969 • 194 citations

Advances in epileptology : XIIIth Epilepsy International Symposium

1982 • 192 citations

Kindling: An animal model of complex partial epilepsy

1984 • 188 citations

Excitatory amino acid analogues: Neurotoxicity and seizures

1982 • 188 citations

Kainic acid selectively stimulates the release of endogenous excitatory acidic amino acids.

1983 • 184 citations

Genetic and Related Aetiological Factors in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

1971 • 183 citations

The kindled amygdala model of epilepsy: anticonvulsant action of amino acid antagonists

1983 • 180 citations

An overview of glutamate as a neurotransmitter.

1981 • 180 citations

Antiepileptic action of excitatory amino acid antagonists in the photosensitive baboon, papio papio

1983 • 179 citations

Amino Acid Neurotransmitters and New Approaches to Anticonvulsant Drug Action

1984 • 178 citations

Stimulus- and amino acid-induced calcium and potassium changes in rat neocortex

1985 • 171 citations

The Ca²⁺/Cl⁻ dependent L‐[³H]glutamate binding: a new receptor or a particular transport process?

1984 • 169 citations

Morphology of the Experimental Epileptic Focus

1964 • 166 citations

Slow transmission of neural activity in hippocampal area CA1 in absence of active chemical synapses

1984 • 164 citations

Cerebral Hyperemia in Electrically Induced Epileptic Seizures

1973 • 161 citations

Biochemical and clinical effects of γ‐vinyl GABA in patients with epilepsy

1984 • 158 citations

Cellular and synaptic basis of kainic acid-induced hippocampal epileptiform activity

1983 • 157 citations

Kainate, N-methylaspartate and other excitatory amino acids increase calcium influx into rat brain cortex cells in vitro

1983 • 156 citations

Antagonism by taurine of cobalt induced epilepsy in cat and mouse

1972 • 155 citations

Neurotoxicity of L‐Glutamate and DL‐Threo‐3‐Hydroxyaspartate in the Rat Striatum

1985 • 145 citations

Fast Extracellular Calcium Transients: Involvement in Epileptic Processes

1983 • 138 citations

Excitatory Amino Acids

1986 • 135 citations

l-Glutamate, excitatory amino acid receptors and brain function

1985 • 135 citations

Chemical synaptic transmission is not necessary for epileptic seizures to persist in the baboon Papio papio

1985 • 134 citations

GABA in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of different species. Effects of ?-acetylenic GABA, ?-vinyl GABA and sodium valproate

1979 • 131 citations

Amino Acids in the Cobalt-Induced Epileptogenic and Nonepileptogenic Cat's Cortex

1972 • 129 citations

Spontaneously recurrent seizures after intracerebral injections of kainic acid in rat: a possible model of human temporal lobe epilepsy

1980 • 128 citations

Neurotransmitter Amino Acids

1977 • 128 citations

Close correlation between changing content of specific amino acids in epileptogenic cortex of cats, and severity of epilepsy

1972 • 126 citations

Chloride and calcium ions reveal a pharmacologically distinct population of L-glutamate binding sites in synaptic membranes: correspondence between biochemical and electrophysiological data

1982 • 126 citations

Do kainate-lesioned hippocampi become epileptogenic?

1985 • 125 citations

N-acetylaspartylglutamate: an endogenous peptide with high affinity for a brain "glutamate" receptor.

1983 • 124 citations

Potassium and calcium concentrations in interstitial fluid of hippocampal formation during paroxysmal responses

1985 • 118 citations

Antagonism of N-methyl-D,L-aspartic acid-induced convulsions by antiepileptic drugs and other agents

1985 • 117 citations

Effects of cortical ablation on the neurotoxicity and receptor binding of kainic acid in striatum

1979 • 113 citations

The inhibitory effect of sodium n‐dipropyl acetate on the degradative enzymes of the GABA shunt

1975 • 112 citations

Excitatory Amino Acid Neurotransmitters in the Corticostriate Pathway: Studies Using Intracerebral Microdialysis In Vivo

1986 • 109 citations

Effect of n‐dipropylacetate on amino acid concentrations in mouse brain: correlations with anti‐convulsant activity

1978 • 108 citations

Amino acid abnormalities in epileptogenic foci

1981 • 107 citations

Intracellular recordings from chronic epileptogenic foci in the monkey

1970 • 101 citations

Convulsions induced in 10-day-old rats by intraperitional injection of monosodium glutamate and related excitant amino acids

1973 • 98 citations

Neurotransmitter amino acids

1976 • 98 citations

Convulsant action of intracerebroventricularly administered l-kynurenine sulphate, quinolinic acid and other derivatives of succinic acid, and effects of amino acids: structure-activity relationships

1982 • 96 citations

Biochemical and immunohistochemical correlates of kindling-induced epilepsy: role of calcium binding protein

1983 • 95 citations

NEUROCHEMISTRY OF EPILEPSY

1961 • 94 citations

Incorporation of carbon atoms from glucose into free amino acids in brain under normal and altered conditions

1970 • 92 citations

The epileptogenic action of Na-folate in the rat

1972 • 90 citations

IONIC BASIS FOR THE DEPOLARIZATION OF CEREBRAL TISSUES BY EXCITATORY ACIDIC AMINO ACIDS

1966 • 89 citations

POSTOPERATIVE EPILEPSY: A DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL OF PHENYTOIN AFTER CRANIOTOMY

1980 • 89 citations

Changes in Regional Brain Levels of Amino Acid Putative Neurotransmitters After Prolonged Treatment with t he Anticonvulsant Drugs Diphenylhydantoin, Phenobarbitone, Sodium Valproate, Ethosuximide, and Sulthiame in the Rat

1981 • 89 citations

Calcium Entry Blockers and Tissue Protection

1985 • 84 citations

Acute effects of sodium valproate and ?-vinyl gaba on regional amino acid metabolism in the rat brain: Incorporation of 2-[14C]glucose into amino acids

1982 • 83 citations

Glutamate in cortical fibers.

1981 • 83 citations

Is Glutamate a Trigger Factor in Epileptic Hyperactivity?

1981 • 80 citations

Suppression of focal epileptiform discharges by intraventricular perfusion of a calcium antagonist

1985 • 78 citations

Stimulus-evoked and seizure-related responses of extracellular calcium activity in spinal cord compared to those in cerebral cortex

1980 • 75 citations

Feline Generalized Penicillin Epilepsy: Changes of Glutamic Acid and Taurine Parallel the Progressive Increase in Excitability of the Cortex

1983 • 73 citations

THE HYPER-EXCITABLE NEURONE. MICROELECTRODE STUDIES OF CHRONIC EPILEPTIC FOCI IN MONKEY

1959 • 73 citations

Neurotransmitters, seizures, and epilepsy, II

1985 • 72 citations

Epilepsy after two different neurosurgical approaches to the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysm.

1976 • 72 citations

Biochemistry and Neurological Disease

1977 • 71 citations

Anticonvulsant action of amino acid antagonists against kindled hippocampal seizures

1984 • 71 citations

Hippocampal Pathology in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. A Golgi Survey

1973 • 70 citations

Benzodiazepine/gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor deficit in the midbrain of the seizure-susceptible gerbil.

1985 • 70 citations

Release of amino acids from the maturing cobalt-induced epileptic focus

1976 • 69 citations

Enzyme changes in actively spiking areas of human epileptic cerebral cortex

1984 • 69 citations

α‐1 Adrenoceptors are decreased in human epileptic foci

1986 • 69 citations

Biochemical observations following administration of taurine to patients with epilepsy

1975 • 68 citations

Reduced kainic acid binding in rat hippocampal formation after limbic kindling

1984 • 66 citations

Mechanisms involved in spreading depression

1973 • 65 citations

Release of amino acids from chronic epileptic and sub-epileptic foci in vivo

1980 • 64 citations

A Primate Model for Testing Anticonvulsant Drugs

1975 • 63 citations

Characterization of the binding of <scp>dl</scp>‐[³H]‐2‐amino‐4‐phosphonobutyrate to <scp>l</scp>‐glutamate‐sensitive sites on rat brain synaptic membranes

1983 • 62 citations

Laminar DC studies of acetylcholine-activated epileptiform discharge in cerebral cortex

1971 • 60 citations

REGULATION OF THE LEVEL OF ENDOGENOUS PHOSPHORYLATION OF SPECIFIC BRAIN PROTEINS BY DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN¹

1977 • 59 citations

Chronic Experimental Epilepsy in Macaca Mulatta

1954 • 58 citations

Suppression of audiogenic seizures in DBA/2 mice by two new dipeptide NMDA receptor antagonists

1984 • 57 citations

Monosodium Glutamate induces Convulsive Disorders in Rats

1971 • 53 citations

EFFECTS OF GLUTAMATE AND OTHER AMINO ACIDS ON THE RETINA¹

1971 • 53 citations

Activity of Acetylcholine System in Human Epileptogenic Focus

1952 • 52 citations

Convulsions and activation of epileptic foci induced by monosodium glutamate and related compounds

1977 • 51 citations

γ-d-Glutamylaminomethylsulphonic acid (GAMS), a kainate and quisqualate antagonist, prevents sound-induced seizures in DBA/2 mice

1984 • 50 citations

The effects of convulsant and anticonvulsant drugs on the release of radiolabeled GABA, glutamate, noradrenaline, serotonin and acetylcholine from rat cortical slices

1982 • 50 citations

Neurochemistry of Epilepsy.

1961 • 49 citations

Calmodulin systems in neuronal excitability: A molecular approach to epilepsy

1984 • 48 citations

The adenosine agonist 2-chloroadenosine inhibits the induction of long-term potentiation of the perforant path

1983 • 48 citations

Anticonvulsant action of β-kainic acid in mice. Is β-kainic acid an N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist?

1985 • 46 citations

Experimentally Induced Epilepsy in the Cat with Injury of Cornu Ammonis

1957 • 45 citations

α-Amino-ω-phosphono carboxylates block ibotenate but not kainate neurotoxicity in rat hippocampus

1982 • 45 citations

Inhibition by Diazepam and γ‐Aminobutyric Acid of Depolarization‐Induced Release of [¹⁴C]Cysteine Sulfinate and [³H]Glutamate in Rat Hippocampal Slices

1983 • 44 citations

Primate models of neurological disorders

1976 • 43 citations

Selective Inhibition of Homocysteine‐Induced Seizures by Glutamic Acid Diethyl Ester and Other Glutamate Esters

1985 • 41 citations

Anticonvulsant activity of intracerebroventricularly administered valproate and valproate analogues. a dosedependent correlation with changes in brain aspartate and GABA levels in DBA/2 mice

1984 • 41 citations

Role of amino acids and peptides in synaptic transmission

1973 • 40 citations

Specific binding of heptanoic acid to rat brain membranes in vitro

1983 • 39 citations

Epilepsy. Its phenomena in man

1974 • 38 citations

Cerebral free amino acids in the amygdaloid kindling model of epilepsy

1982 • 37 citations

Amino acid content of chronic undercut cortex of the cat in reletion to electrical afterdisctrarge: comparison with cobalt epileptogenic lesions

1977 • 37 citations

The action of γ-vinyl-GABA and γ-acetylenic-GABA on the resting and stimulated release of GABA in vivo

1980 • 35 citations

Cortical GABA Turnover During Bicuculline Seizures in Rats

1983 • 34 citations

Kainic acid derivatives with anticonvulsant activity

1984 • 33 citations

Selective increase in L-[3H]glutamate binding to a quisqualate-sensitive site on hippocampal synaptic membranes after angular bundle kindling

1982 • 32 citations

Sprouting of noradrenergic nerve terminals subsequent to freeze lesions of rabbit cerebral cortex

1975 • 32 citations

THE ROLE OF ACETYLCHOLINE IN BRAIN METABOLISM AND FUNCTION

1957 • 31 citations

Activation of Experimental Epileptogenic Foci

1970 • 30 citations

Excitation and depression of cortical neurones during spreading depression

1971 • 30 citations

Alterations in the Content of Amino Acid Neurotransmitters Before the Onset and During the Course of Methoxypyridoxine‐Induced Seizures in Individual Rabbit Brain Regions

1983 • 30 citations

The Role of Surgery in the Treatment of Focal Epilepsy

1969 • 30 citations

Effects of psilocybin, dimethyltryptamine, mescaline and various allergic acid derivatives on the EEG and on photically induced epilepsy in the baboon (Papio papio)

1971 • 28 citations

INHIBITION OF AMINO ACID TRANSMITTER RELEASE FROM RAT BRAIN SLICES BY PHENYTOIN AND RELATED ANTICONVULSANTS

1983 • 28 citations

Displacement of DL-[3H]-2-amino-4-phosphonobutanoic acid ([3H]APB) binding with methyl-substituted APB analogs and glutamate agonists

1985 • 27 citations

Lack of effect of entorhinal kindling on l-[3H]glutamic acid presynaptic uptake and postsynaptic binding in hippocampus

1985 • 27 citations

MODERN TRENDS IN NEUROLOGY--6

1976 • 25 citations

Spinal seizures and excitatory amino acid-mediated synaptic transmission

1984 • 25 citations

Effects of anticonvulsants and other agents on seizures induced by intracerebral l-glutamate

1983 • 24 citations

Cholinergic Mechanism in Subcortical Mirror Focus and Effects of Topical Application of γ‐Aminobutyric Acid and Acetylcholine

1964 • 22 citations

Anticonvulsant properties of 3-hydroxy-2-quinoxalinecarboxylic acid, a newly found antagonist of excitatory amino acids

1985 • 22 citations

Aspects of the pentylenetetrazol kindling model of epileptogenesis in the rat

1982 • 22 citations

Alteration of Amino Acid Metabolism in Epileptogenic Mice by Elevation of Brain Pyridoxal Phosphate

1985 • 22 citations

Fast and slow depolarizing potentials induced by short pulses of kainic acid in hippocampal neurons

1984 • 21 citations

Inhibitory processes of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons following kindling-induced epilepsy in the rat

1985 • 21 citations

Blockade of hyperbaric oxygen induced seizures by excitatory amino acid antagonists

1985 • 21 citations

Amygdaloid lesion increases the toxicity of intrahippocampal kainic acid injection and reduces the late occurrence of spontaneous recurrent seizures in rats

1983 • 19 citations

Anticonvulsant and proconvulsant properties of a series of structural isomers of piperidine dicarboxylic acid

1984 • 19 citations

Anticonvulsant action of stereoisomers of γ-glutamylaminomethylsulphonic acid in mice

1985 • 18 citations

Brain concentrations and synthesis rates of biogenic amines during chronic cobalt experimental epilepsy in the rat

1973 • 18 citations

Epileptic brain damage: how much excitement can a limbic neuron take?

1983 • 18 citations

GABA and Glutamate in Different EEG Stages of the Penicillin Focus

1972 • 18 citations

Double-blind study of oral -vinyl GABA in the treatment of dystonia

1986 • 17 citations

6 Anticonvulsant Drugs

1963 • 16 citations

Determination of pyridoxal phosphate levels in the brains of audiogenic and normal mice

1983 • 16 citations

Seizures and the Dose of L-Glutamic Acid in Rats

1970 • 15 citations

Reduced Cortical Glutamine Concentrations in Electrically Kindled Rats

1983 • 15 citations

Morphology of cobalt experimental epilepsy in rats

1971 • 14 citations

A long-term effect of electroconvulsive shock on the metabolism of glucose in mouse brain

1971 • 14 citations

Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of seizure disorders

1985 • 10 citations

Enhancement of excitant amino acid release from rat brain slices by the convulsant 3-mercaptopropionic acid

1983 • 10 citations

Acetylcholine epilepsy: Modification of DC shift in chronically undercut cat cortex

1974 • 10 citations

On the interaction of 2-amino-7-phosphono-heptanoic acid and quinolinic acid in mice

1983 • 10 citations

Calmodulin Modulation of the Calcium Signal in Synaptic Transmission

1982 • 8 citations

Acetylcholine release and muscarinic receptors in cortical synaptosomes from epileptic rats

1981 • 6 citations

β-Kainic acid is not an amino acid antagonist

1985 • 6 citations

Neuropathology of the temporal lobe

2022 • 5 citations

NEUROCHEMISTRY OF ELECTROSHOCK

1974 • 3 citations