Activation of microglia by aggregated β-amyloid or lipopolysaccharide impairs MHC-II expression and renders them cytotoxic whereas IFN-γ and IL-4 render them protective

Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease

2000 • 4,315 citations

HOW CELLS RESPOND TO INTERFERONS

1998 • 3,937 citations

B7-1 and B7-2 costimulatory molecules activate differentially the Th1/Th2 developmental pathways: Application to autoimmune disease therapy

1995 • 1,695 citations

Aβ peptide immunization reduces behavioural impairment and plaques in a model of Alzheimer's disease

2000 • 1,433 citations

Activated Human T Cells, B Cells, and Monocytes Produce Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor In Vitro and in Inflammatory Brain Lesions: A Neuroprotective Role of Inflammation?

1999 • 1,011 citations

Microglia as neuroprotective, immunocompetent cells of the CNS

2002 • 909 citations

Autoimmune T cells protect neurons from secondary degeneration after central nervous system axotomy

1999 • 881 citations

Depletion of Hematogenous Macrophages Promotes Partial Hindlimb Recovery and Neuroanatomical Repair after Experimental Spinal Cord Injury

1999 • 686 citations

β-Amyloid Stimulation of Microglia and Monocytes Results in TNFα-Dependent Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Neuronal Apoptosis

2001 • 678 citations

Brain microglia/macrophages express neurotrophins that selectively regulate microglial proliferation and function

1996 • 653 citations

Innate and adaptive immune responses can be beneficial for CNS repair

1999 • 336 citations

Production of Neurotrophins by Activated T Cells: Implications for Neuroprotective Autoimmunity

2000 • 336 citations

T cell immunity to copolymer 1 confers neuroprotection on the damaged optic nerve: Possible therapy for optic neuropathies

2000 • 312 citations

The LPS receptor (CD14) links innate immunity with Alzheimer's disease

2003 • 308 citations

Vaccination for protection of retinal ganglion cells against death from glutamate cytotoxicity and ocular hypertension: Implications for glaucoma

2001 • 293 citations

Neuroprotective autoimmunity: Naturally occurring CD4 ⁺ CD25 ⁺ regulatory T cells suppress the ability to withstand injury to the central nervous system

2002 • 261 citations

Neurotrophin secretion from cultured microglia

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Time Course of the Development of Alzheimer-like Pathology in the Doubly Transgenic PS1+APP Mouse

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Trophic effects of interleukin-4, -7 and -8 on hippocampal neuronal cultures: potential involvement of glial-derived factors

1993 • 244 citations

The neuroprotective effect of inflammation: implications for the therapy of multiple sclerosis

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Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Inhibits Mature Oligodendrocyte Apoptosis during Primary Demyelination

2000 • 230 citations

Neuroprotective role of IL-4 against activated microglia.

1993 • 214 citations

Protective autoimmunity: interferon‐γ enables microglia to remove glutamate without evoking inflammatory mediators

2005 • 207 citations

Amyloid β and Amylin Fibrils Induce Increases in Proinflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Production by THP‐1 Cells and Murine Microglia

2000 • 205 citations

Posttraumatic therapeutic vaccination with modified myelin self-antigen prevents complete paralysis while avoiding autoimmune disease

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Production of nitrite by neonatal rat microglial cells/ brain macrophages

1992 • 198 citations

RETRACTED: A new mechanism of neurodegeneration: A proinflammatory cytokine inhibits receptor signaling by a survival peptide

1999 • 190 citations

Discussion

1997 • 179 citations

Multiple roles of the invariant chain in MHC class II function

2002 • 160 citations

Early activation of microglia as antigen-presenting cells correlates with T cell-mediated protection and repair of the injured central nervous system

2003 • 152 citations

Neurodegeneration Is Associated to Changes in Serum Insulin-like Growth Factors

2000 • 138 citations

Myelin specific Th1 cells are necessary for post-traumatic protective autoimmunity

2002 • 136 citations

Protective autoimmunity against the enemy within: fighting glutamate toxicity

2003 • 130 citations

Interferon‐γ differentially modulates the release of cytokines and chemokines in lipopolysaccharide‐ and pneumococcal cell wall‐stimulated mouse microglia and macrophages

2002 • 118 citations

Morphological aspects of spinal cord autoimmune neuroprotection: colocalization of T cells with B7–2 (CD86) and prevention of cyst formation

2001 • 111 citations

Interleukin-4 induces proliferation and activation of microglia but suppresses their induction of class II major histocompatibility complex antigen expression

1994 • 93 citations

Insulin-like Growth Factor I, but Not Neurotrophin-3, Sustains Akt Activation and Provides Long-Term Protection of Immature Oligodendrocytes from Glutamate-Mediated Apoptosis

2002 • 91 citations

Central nervous system gene therapy with interleukin-4 inhibits progression of ongoing relapsing–remitting autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Biozzi AB/H mice

2001 • 83 citations

Neuroprotection by T-cells depends on their subtype and activation state

2002 • 77 citations

The Tissue-Specific Self-Pathogen Is the Protective Self-Antigen: The Case of Uveitis

2002 • 69 citations

Vaccination with autoantigen protects against aggregated β‐amyloid and glutamate toxicity by controlling microglia: effect of CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells

2004 • 69 citations

Interleukin-4-inhibited mRNA expression in mixed rat glial and in isolated microglial cultures

2000 • 68 citations

Subacute NO generation induced by Alzheimer's β‐amyloid in the living brain: reversal by inhibition of the inducible NO synthase

2000 • 63 citations

Central administration of insulin-like growth factor-1 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness behavior in mice

1999 • 54 citations

Multiple Sclerosis as a By-Product of the Failure to Sustain Protective Autoimmunity: A Paradigm Shift

2002 • 52 citations

Rescue of TNF?-inhibited neuronal cells by IGF-1 involves Akt and c-Jun N-terminal kinases

2004 • 45 citations

Subacute NO generation induced by Alzheimer's beta-amyloid in the living brain: reversal by inhibition of the inducible NO synthase

2000 • 38 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor α Inhibits Insulin-Like Growth Factor I-Induced Hematopoietic Cell Survival and Proliferation

2004 • 14 citations

Harm or heal – divergent effects of autoimmune neuroinflammation? Response from Schwartz and Kipnis

2002 • 4 citations