The DNA damage response: putting checkpoints in perspective

Principles of CDK regulation

1995 • 3,267 citations

A mammalian cell cycle checkpoint pathway utilizing p53 and GADD45 is defective in ataxia-telangiectasia

1992 • 3,092 citations

p53 is required for radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes

1993 • 2,911 citations

Requirement for p53 and p21 to Sustain G ₂ Arrest After DNA Damage

1998 • 2,784 citations

Thymocyte apoptosis induced by p53-dependent and independent pathways

1993 • 2,322 citations

Cell Cycle Checkpoints: Preventing an Identity Crisis

1996 • 2,056 citations

Activation of the ATM Kinase by Ionizing Radiation and Phosphorylation of p53

1998 • 2,034 citations

Enhanced Phosphorylation of p53 by ATM in Response to DNA Damage

1998 • 1,734 citations

Chk1 is an essential kinase that is regulated by Atr and required for the G₂/M DNA damage checkpoint

2000 • 1,583 citations

Atm-Deficient Mice: A Paradigm of Ataxia Telangiectasia

1996 • 1,467 citations

Mitotic and G ₂ Checkpoint Control: Regulation of 14-3-3 Protein Binding by Phosphorylation of Cdc25C on Serine-216

1997 • 1,332 citations

Linkage of ATM to Cell Cycle Regulation by the Chk2 Protein Kinase

1998 • 1,314 citations

Conservation of the Chk1 Checkpoint Pathway in Mammals: Linkage of DNA Damage to Cdk Regulation Through Cdc25

1997 • 1,285 citations

DNA Damage-Induced Activation of p53 by the Checkpoint Kinase Chk2

2000 • 1,269 citations

BASC, a super complex of BRCA1-associated proteins involved in the recognition and repair of aberrant DNA structures

2000 • 1,236 citations

The hMre11/hRad50 Protein Complex and Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome: Linkage of Double-Strand Break Repair to the Cellular DNA Damage Response

1998 • 1,220 citations

Brca1 Controls Homology-Directed DNA Repair

1999 • 1,205 citations

The RAD9 Gene Controls the Cell Cycle Response to DNA Damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1988 • 1,174 citations

The DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Gene hMRE11 Is Mutated in Individuals with an Ataxia-Telangiectasia-like Disorder

1999 • 1,052 citations

A role for ATR in the DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of p53

1999 • 1,043 citations

Requirement of ATM-Dependent Phosphorylation of Brca1 in the DNA Damage Response to Double-Strand Breaks

1999 • 1,005 citations

The human homologs of checkpoint kinases Chk1 and Cds1 (Chk2) phosphorylate p53 at multiple DNA damage-inducible sites

2000 • 956 citations

ATR disruption leads to chromosomal fragmentation and early embryonic lethality

2000 • 922 citations

The tyrosine kinase c-Abl regulates p73 in apoptotic response to cisplatin-induced DNA damage

1999 • 914 citations

Heterozygous Germ Line hCHK2 Mutations in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome

1999 • 908 citations

14-3-3σ is required to prevent mitotic catastrophe after DNA damage

1999 • 895 citations

A ribonucleotide reductase gene involved in a p53-dependent cell-cycle checkpoint for DNA damage

2000 • 877 citations

Centrosome Amplification and a Defective G2–M Cell Cycle Checkpoint Induce Genetic Instability in BRCA1 Exon 11 Isoform–Deficient Cells

1999 • 814 citations

Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated phosphorylates Chk2 in vivo and in vitro

2000 • 807 citations

Substrate Specificities and Identification of Putative Substrates of ATM Kinase Family Members

1999 • 801 citations

Radiosensitivity in ataxia-telangiectasia: a new explanation.

1980 • 784 citations

ATM phosphorylates p95/nbs1 in an S-phase checkpoint pathway

2000 • 781 citations

Chk2/hCds1 functions as a DNA damage checkpoint in G₁by stabilizing p53

2000 • 781 citations

Mice lacking ADPRT and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation develop normally but are susceptible to skin disease.

1995 • 767 citations

Expression of the p48 xeroderma pigmentosum gene is p53-dependent and is involved in global genomic repair

1999 • 571 citations

Phosphorylation of Ser-20 mediates stabilization of human p53 in response to DNA damage

1999 • 570 citations

BRCA1 Is Associated with a Human SWI/SNF-Related Complex

2000 • 548 citations

Control of the DNA Damage Checkpoint by Chk1 and Rad53 Protein Kinases Through Distinct Mechanisms

1999 • 535 citations

hCds1-mediated phosphorylation of BRCA1 regulates the DNA damage response

2000 • 533 citations

Overexpression of a kinase-inactive ATR protein causes sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents and defects in cell cycle checkpoints

1998 • 533 citations

Pleiotropic defects in ataxia-telangiectasia protein-deficient mice

1996 • 502 citations

Functional interactions between BRCA1 and the checkpoint kinase ATR during genotoxic stress

2000 • 500 citations

ATM associates with and phosphorylates p53: mapping the region of interaction

1998 • 494 citations

Functional link between ataxia-telangiectasia and Nijmegen breakage syndrome gene products

2000 • 484 citations

ATM-dependent phosphorylation of nibrin in response to radiation exposure

2000 • 474 citations

Aberrant cell cycle checkpoint function and early embryonic death in Chk1^−/− mice

2000 • 466 citations

Relocalization of Telomeric Ku and SIR Proteins in Response to DNA Strand Breaks in Yeast

1999 • 458 citations

Recovery from DNA replicational stress is the essential function of the S-phase checkpoint pathway

1998 • 453 citations

Rapid ATM-dependent phosphorylation of MDM2 precedes p53 accumulation in response to DNA damage

1999 • 449 citations

ATM phosphorylation of Nijmegen breakage syndrome protein is required in a DNA damage response

2000 • 446 citations

Regulation of p53 Function and Stability by Phosphorylation

1999 • 443 citations

Global response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to an alkylating agent

1999 • 426 citations

Targeted disruption of the cell-cycle checkpoint gene ATR leads to early embryonic lethality in mice

2000 • 425 citations

Mammalian Chk2 is a downstream effector of the ATM-dependent DNA damage checkpoint pathway

1999 • 425 citations

Yeast Checkpoint Genes in DNA Damage Processing: Implications for Repair and Arrest

1995 • 418 citations

Dual roles of ATM in the cellular response to radiation and in cell growth control.

1996 • 415 citations

rad -Dependent Response of the chk1 -Encoded Protein Kinase at the DNA Damage Checkpoint

1996 • 397 citations

The FHA Domain Is a Modular Phosphopeptide Recognition Motif

1999 • 395 citations

Rad53 FHA Domain Associated with Phosphorylated Rad9 in the DNA Damage Checkpoint

1998 • 392 citations

The G2-phase DNA-damage checkpoint

2000 • 365 citations

MEC1-Dependent Redistribution of the Sir3 Silencing Protein from Telomeres to DNA Double-Strand Breaks

1999 • 332 citations

Threonine 68 is required for radiation-induced phosphorylation and activation of Cds1

2000 • 310 citations

A human homologue of the checkpoint kinase Cds1 directly inhibits Cdc25 phosphatase

1999 • 298 citations

Caffeine Abolishes the Mammalian G2/M DNA Damage Checkpoint by Inhibiting Ataxia-Telangiectasia-mutated Kinase Activity

2000 • 278 citations

Cytoplasmic Localization of Human cdc25C during Interphase Requires an Intact 14-3-3 Binding Site

1999 • 276 citations

The budding yeast Rad9 checkpoint protein is subjected to Mec1/Tel1-dependent hyperphosphorylation and interacts with Rad53 after DNA damage

1998 • 274 citations

A human Cds1-related kinase that functions downstream of ATM protein in the cellular response to DNA damage

1999 • 265 citations

Interactions of TLC1 (Which Encodes the RNA Subunit of Telomerase), TEL1, and MEC1 in Regulating Telomere Length in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1999 • 264 citations

The checkpoint protein Ddc2, functionally related to S. pombe Rad26, interacts with Mec1 and is regulated by Mec1-dependent phosphorylation in budding yeast

2000 • 247 citations

Prophage induction and cell division in E. coli. III. Mutations sfiA and sfiB restore division in tif and lon strains and permit the expression of mutator properties of tif.

1975 • 239 citations

Maintenance of G2 arrest in the Xenopus oocyte: a role for 14-3-3-mediated inhibition of Cdc25 nuclear import

1999 • 236 citations

Circular chromosome formation in a fission yeast mutant defective in two ATM homologues

1998 • 231 citations

Protein kinase mutants of human ATR increase sensitivity to UV and ionizing radiation and abrogate cell cycle checkpoint control

1998 • 228 citations

ATR is a caffeine-sensitive, DNA-activated protein kinase with a substrate specificity distinct from DNA-PK

1999 • 221 citations

MEC1-Dependent Phosphorylation of Rad9p in Response to DNA Damage

1998 • 213 citations

A novel Rad24 checkpoint protein complex closely related to replication factor C

2000 • 208 citations

Checkpoint Pathways Come of Age

1997 • 204 citations

Human Homologs of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rad1, Hus1, and Rad9 Form a DNA Damage-responsive Protein Complex

1999 • 201 citations

A Rad3–Rad26 complex responds to DNA damage independently of other checkpoint proteins

1999 • 194 citations

Prophage induction and cell division in E. coli

1975 • 189 citations

The ATM homologue MEC1 is required for phosphorylation of replication protein A in yeast

1996 • 187 citations

Purification and DNA binding properties of the ataxia-telangiectasia gene product ATM

1999 • 173 citations

Splitting the ATM: distinct repair and checkpoint defects in ataxia–telangiectasia

1998 • 160 citations

Hypothesis: Ataxia‐telangiectasia: Is ATM a sensor of oxidative damage and stress?

1997 • 158 citations

DNA Repair Protein Rad55 Is a Terminal Substrate of the DNA Damage Checkpoints

2000 • 157 citations

Defective G2 checkpoint function in cells from individuals with familial cancer syndromes.

1995 • 145 citations

Prophage induction and cell division in E. coli

1977 • 140 citations

LCD1: an essential gene involved in checkpoint control and regulation of the MEC1 signalling pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2000 • 140 citations

DNA-dependent protein kinase is not required for the p53-dependent response to DNA damage

1999 • 134 citations

Inactivation of mouse Hus1 results in genomic instability and impaired responses to genotoxic stress

2000 • 133 citations

The ataxia-telangiectasia related protein ATR mediates DNA-dependent phosphorylation of p53

1999 • 127 citations

Purification and Characterization of ATM from Human Placenta

2000 • 122 citations

Structure and function of a new phosphopeptide-binding domain containing the FHA2 of rad53

1999 • 114 citations

Rfc5, a Replication Factor C Component, Is Required for Regulation of Rad53 Protein Kinase in the Yeast Checkpoint Pathway

1997 • 91 citations

Functional and Physical Interaction between Rad24 and Rfc5 in the Yeast Checkpoint Pathways

1998 • 85 citations

A Sense of the End

2000 • 77 citations

The RFC2 Gene, Encoding the Third-Largest Subunit of the Replication Factor C Complex, Is Required for an S-Phase Checkpoint in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1998 • 73 citations

Replication Factor C3 ofSchizosaccharomyces pombe, a Small Subunit of Replication Factor C Complex, Plays a Role in Both Replication and Damage Checkpoints

1999 • 71 citations