The goal construct in social psychology.

Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control

1999 • 40,227 citations

Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior

1985 • 22,760 citations

A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance

2017 • 18,931 citations

Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior

1988 • 15,881 citations

The Principles of Psychology

1890 • 14,029 citations

The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations.

1958 • 12,235 citations

Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory

1985 • 11,256 citations

Decisions with Multiple Objectives: Preferences and Value Tradeoffs.

1994 • 8,503 citations

Emotion and Adaptation

1991 • 7,858 citations

A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing.

1975 • 7,571 citations

Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health.

1988 • 7,315 citations

Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory.

1977 • 7,025 citations

The Architecture of Cognition

2013 • 6,946 citations

The Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Advances in Research and Theory

2010 • 6,012 citations

Social psychology: handbook of basic principles

2008 • 5,487 citations

Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components.

1989 • 5,169 citations

Self-Perception Theory

1972 • 5,026 citations

Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans.

1999 • 4,766 citations

SCRIPTS, PLANS, GOALS, AND UNDERSTANDING

1988 • 4,629 citations

Plans and the structure of behavior.

1960 • 4,403 citations

Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource?

1998 • 4,375 citations

Beyond pleasure and pain.

1997 • 4,374 citations

Attention to Action

1986 • 4,309 citations

Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: Does self-control resemble a muscle?

2000 • 3,967 citations

A DYNAMIC THEORY OF PERSONALITY

1936 • 3,778 citations

Principles of topological psychology.

1936 • 3,750 citations

Plans and the Structure of Behavior

1960 • 3,598 citations

The unbearable automaticity of being.

1999 • 3,517 citations

The Psychology of Self-Affirmation: Sustaining the Integrity of the Self

1988 • 3,448 citations

Handbook of self-regulation: research, theory, and applications

2005 • 3,442 citations

On the Self-Regulation of Behavior

2000 • 3,403 citations

Elimination by aspects: A theory of choice.

1972 • 3,400 citations

Action control : from cognition to behavior

1985 • 3,385 citations

Delay of Gratification in Children

1989 • 3,286 citations

The Theory of Event Coding (TEC): A framework for perception and action planning

2001 • 2,926 citations

An Integrated Theory of the Mind.

2004 • 2,809 citations

Specious reward: A behavioral theory of impulsiveness and impulse control.

1975 • 2,670 citations

Semantic priming and retrieval from lexical memory: Roles of inhibitionless spreading activation and limited-capacity attention.

1977 • 2,652 citations

Attention and Self-Regulation : A Control-Theory Approach to Human Behavior

1981 • 2,645 citations

A hot/cool-system analysis of delay of gratification: Dynamics of willpower.

1999 • 2,632 citations

Myopia and Inconsistency in Dynamic Utility Maximization

1973 • 2,615 citations

Automaticity of social behavior: Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype activation on action.

1996 • 2,614 citations

Out of Control: Visceral Influences on Behavior

1996 • 2,565 citations

When choice is demotivating: Can one desire too much of a good thing?

2000 • 2,508 citations

Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men

1950 • 2,502 citations

Behavior: The Control of Perception.

1975 • 2,437 citations

Handbook of Experimental Psychology

1952 • 2,411 citations

A theory of motivation for some classroom experiences.

1979 • 2,391 citations

Information Processing and Cognition: The Loyola Symposium

1976 • 2,356 citations

Attention And Cognitive Control 1

2024 • 2,346 citations

Introduction: Motivation

2020 • 2,342 citations

Consumer Choice between Hedonic and Utilitarian Goods

2000 • 2,036 citations

Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior, Vol. 2.

1991 • 2,032 citations

On perceptual readiness.

1957 • 2,004 citations

Goal constructs in psychology: Structure, process, and content.

1996 • 1,914 citations

A theory of goal setting & task performance

1990 • 1,899 citations

Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology

2014 • 1,895 citations

Semantic priming effects in visual word recognition : A selective review of current findings and theories

1991 • 1,883 citations

Knowledge activation: Accessibility, applicability, and salience.

1996 • 1,878 citations

Dimensional overlap: Cognitive basis for stimulus-response compatibility--A model and taxonomy.

1990 • 1,872 citations

The Achievement Motive.

1954 • 1,865 citations

Losing control: how and why people fail at self-regulation

1995 • 1,815 citations

Choice Based on Reasons: The Case of Attraction and Compromise Effects

1989 • 1,806 citations

The automated will: Nonconscious activation and pursuit of behavioral goals.

2001 • 1,752 citations

Making a good decision: Value from fit.

2000 • 1,731 citations

What do people think they're doing? Action identification and human behavior.

1987 • 1,691 citations

Categorization of action slips.

1981 • 1,639 citations

Learning Theory and Behavior

1962 • 1,634 citations

How do self-attributed and implicit motives differ?

1989 • 1,621 citations

What memory is for

1997 • 1,610 citations

Compliance without pressure: The foot-in-the-door technique.

1966 • 1,542 citations

The role of category accessibility in the interpretation of information about persons: Some determinants and implications.

1979 • 1,539 citations

Emotion and Personality

1963 • 1,487 citations

Physiological Role of Pleasure

1971 • 1,462 citations

Goal Concepts in Personality and Social Psychology

2015 • 1,425 citations

Book Reviews

1999 • 1,253 citations

A theory of goal systems

2002 • 1,244 citations

Method and Theory in Experimental Psychology

1954 • 1,230 citations

Procrastination, Deadlines, and Performance: Self-Control by Precommitment

2002 • 1,218 citations

TARGET ARTICLE: "Putting the Self Into Self-Conscious Emotions: A Theoretical Model"

2004 • 1,212 citations

COMMITMENT, CHOICE AND SELF‐CONTROL¹

1972 • 1,207 citations

Emotional distress regulation takes precedence over impulse control: If you feel bad, do it!

2001 • 1,205 citations

The affect system has parallel and integrative processing components: Form follows function.

1999 • 1,159 citations

The Intensity of Motivation

1989 • 1,153 citations

The cognitive neuroscience of action

1997 • 1,135 citations

The mind in the middle: A practical guide to priming and automaticity research.

2000 • 1,094 citations

Immune neglect: A source of durability bias in affective forecasting.

1998 • 1,064 citations

Cognitive structure and attitudinal affect.

1956 • 1,059 citations

Construal levels and self-control.

2006 • 1,039 citations

Can people feel happy and sad at the same time?

2001 • 1,009 citations

Basic Processes in Reading

2012 • 1,004 citations

Are shame, guilt, and embarrassment distinct emotions?

1996 • 997 citations

Optimistic Biases About Personal Risks

1989 • 992 citations

Exploring the "planning fallacy": Why people underestimate their task completion times.

1994 • 992 citations

Choice under Conflict: The Dynamics of Deferred Decision

1992 • 988 citations

Plans And The Structure Of Behavior

1960 • 975 citations

Consumer Preference for a No‐Choice Option

1997 • 962 citations

Self-Regulatory Failure: A Resource-Depletion Approach

2000 • 947 citations

Quasi-Rational Economics.

1992 • 930 citations

Habits as knowledge structures: Automaticity in goal-directed behavior.

2000 • 915 citations

Perceiving persons and groups.

1996 • 893 citations

Action phases and mind-sets

1990 • 893 citations

Moral credentials and the expression of prejudice.

2001 • 883 citations

Mathematics, measurement, and psychophysics.

1951 • 882 citations

Motivation and Achievement

1975 • 822 citations

Rudimentary determinants of attitudes: II. Arm flexion and extension have differential effects on attitudes.

1993 • 801 citations

Forgetting all else: On the antecedents and consequences of goal shielding.

2002 • 792 citations

Leading us not unto temptation: momentary allurements elicit overriding goal activation.

2003 • 761 citations

Self-Command in Practice, in Policy, and in a Theory of Rational Choice

2007 • 756 citations

Memory for expectancy-congruent and expectancy-incongruent information: A review of the social and social developmental literatures.

1992 • 733 citations

Symbolic Self Completion

2013 • 694 citations

Putting Adjustment Back in the Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic: Differential Processing of Self-Generated and Experimenter-Provided Anchors

2001 • 684 citations

Three Cognitive Markers of Unconscious Semantic Activation

1996 • 677 citations

The New Unconscious

2006 • 660 citations

Goals as Excuses or Guides: The Liberating Effect of Perceived Goal Progress on Choice

2005 • 660 citations

Gender Gaps in Public Opinion about Lesbians and Gay Men

2002 • 656 citations

Transfer of value from fit.

2003 • 635 citations

Preference for consistency: The development of a valid measure and the discovery of surprising behavioral implications.

1995 • 633 citations

The measurement of social attitudes.

1931 • 618 citations

See what you want to see: Motivational influences on visual perception.

2006 • 617 citations

Liking Is for Doing: The Effects of Goal Pursuit on Automatic Evaluation.

2004 • 599 citations

Untitled

1998 • 588 citations

Harnessing the imagination: Mental stimulation, self-regulation, and coping.

1998 • 583 citations

The Effect of Purchase Quantity and Timing on Variety-Seeking Behavior

1990 • 570 citations

Choosing Less‐Preferred Experiences For the Sake of Variety

1999 • 569 citations

The influence of abstract and concrete mindsets on anticipating and guiding others' self-regulatory efforts

2004 • 568 citations

Focalism: A source of durability bias in affective forecasting.

2000 • 568 citations

The relation between perception and behavior, or how to win a game of Trivial Pursuit.

1998 • 560 citations

New Look 3: Unconscious cognition reclaimed.

1992 • 546 citations

Thinking of you: Nonconscious pursuit of interpersonal goals associated with relationship partners.

2003 • 546 citations

When Asking “Why” Does Not Hurt Distinguishing Rumination From Reflective Processing of Negative Emotions

2005 • 540 citations

Mood as Information: 20 Years Later

2003 • 540 citations

Positive Affect as Implicit Motivator: On the Nonconscious Operation of Behavioral Goals.

2005 • 539 citations

Conflict among personal strivings: Immediate and long-term implications for psychological and physical well-being.

1988 • 535 citations

The Science of Self-Control

2000 • 532 citations

Counteractive self-control in overcoming temptation.

2000 • 525 citations

Self-Control for the Righteous: Toward a Theory of Precommitment to Indulgence

2002 • 523 citations

Goal Contagion: Perceiving Is for Pursuing.

2004 • 501 citations

The Automatic Evaluation Effect: Unconditional Automatic Attitude Activation with a Pronunciation Task

1996 • 500 citations

Auto-motives: Preconscious determinants of social interaction.

1990 • 499 citations

Why do bad moods increase self-defeating behavior? Emotion, risk tasking, and self-regulation.

1996 • 490 citations

Representation of intentions: Persisting activation in memory.

1993 • 470 citations

Preconscious control of stereotype activation through chronic egalitarian goals.

1999 • 458 citations

The motivating function of thinking about the future: Expectations versus fantasies.

2002 • 458 citations

Mood management across affective states: The hedonic contingency hypothesis.

1994 • 434 citations

Principles of self-regulation: Action and emotion.

1990 • 431 citations

Memory: From Mind to Molecules

1999 • 425 citations

Diversification bias: Explaining the discrepancy in variety seeking between combined and separated choices.

1995 • 422 citations

A Theory Of Action Identification

1985 • 421 citations

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: A hierarchical model.

2002 • 409 citations

Theories of Mood and Cognition

2013 • 409 citations

Accessibility from active and fulfilled goals

2005 • 396 citations

Abstract versus concrete goals: Personal striving level, physical illness, and psychological well-being.

1992 • 394 citations

Self-control in action: Implicit dispositions toward goals and away from temptations.

2006 • 390 citations

The dynamics of action

1970 • 390 citations

Latency of instrumental responses as a function of compatibility with the meaning of eliciting verbal signs.

1960 • 386 citations

The Development of Children’s Knowledge of Self-Control Strategies

1987 • 374 citations

Resource Slack and Propensity to Discount Delayed Investments of Time Versus Money.

2005 • 363 citations

Planning and Understanding: A Computational Approach to Human Reasoning

1983 • 353 citations

Contextual variations in implicit evaluation.

2003 • 353 citations

Subgoals as substitutes or complements: The role of goal accessibility.

2006 • 349 citations

Possible selves: Personalized representations of goals.

1989 • 347 citations

Constraining Theories of Embodied Cognition

2005 • 335 citations

Environmental control of goal-directed action: automatic and strategic contingencies between situations and behavior.

1994 • 326 citations

When opportunity knocks: Bottom-up priming of goals by means and its effects on self-regulation.

2003 • 324 citations

Dual functions of consciousness.

1972 • 318 citations

Cognition in emotion: Concept and action.

1985 • 308 citations

The message of social psychology: Perspectives on mind in society.

1997 • 306 citations

The behavior of attitudes.

1947 • 302 citations

Principles of self-regulation: The nature of willpower and self-control.

1996 • 297 citations

Motivational science : social and personality perspectives

2000 • 294 citations

Egonomics, or the Art of Self-Management.

1978 • 287 citations

Goals as knowledge structures.

1996 • 285 citations

Convergences and challenges in the search for consistency.

1984 • 283 citations

The fan effect: New results and new theories.

1999 • 281 citations

Unconscious Influences of Memory for a Prior Event

1987 • 281 citations

Priming against your will: How accessible alternatives affect goal pursuit

2002 • 280 citations

Mental representation and memory.

1998 • 273 citations

Brehm's theory of motivation as a model of effort and cardiovascular response.

1996 • 272 citations

On the psychology of drinking: Being thirsty and perceptually ready

2001 • 270 citations

How social perception can automatically influence behavior

2003 • 269 citations

Approach and avoidance: The influence of proprioceptive and exteroceptive cues on encoding of affective information.

2000 • 267 citations

Guilty pleasures and grim necessities: Affective attitudes in dilemmas of self-control.

2001 • 263 citations

What do connectionism and social psychology offer each other?

1996 • 259 citations

Automatic social behavior as motivated preparation to interact.

2006 • 255 citations

Goal attraction and directing ideas conceived as habit phenomena.

1931 • 247 citations

Willpower in a cognitive affective processing system: The dynamics of delay of gratification

2004 • 243 citations

Automaticity in action: The unconscious as repository of chronic goals and motives.

1996 • 238 citations

From good intentions to willpower.

1996 • 234 citations

Reconciling competing motives in self-evaluation: The role of self-control in feedback seeking.

1994 • 233 citations

Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Cigarette Smoking: the Effects of Context and Motivation

2003 • 231 citations

The Projection of Implicit and Explicit Goals.

2004 • 228 citations

The role of affective processes in learning and motivation.

1959 • 224 citations

Effects of failure on subsequent performance: The importance of self-defining goals.

1996 • 221 citations

Thinking and deciding, 3rd ed.

2000 • 220 citations

The Devaluation Effect: Activating a Need Devalues Unrelated Objects: Figure 1

2003 • 210 citations

Walking the tightrope between feeling good and being accurate: Mood as a resource in processing persuasive messages.

2002 • 210 citations

Emotion : interdisciplinary perspectives

1996 • 210 citations

Vorsatz, Wille und Bedürfnis

1926 • 208 citations

Why We Evaluate

1999 • 206 citations

The motivational looking glass: How significant others implicitly affect goal appraisals.

2003 • 203 citations

The Automatic Pursuit and Management of Goals

2005 • 188 citations

Untitled

1998 • 186 citations

Emotional transfer in goal systems

2004 • 185 citations

Preconscious effects of temporary goals on attention

2002 • 184 citations

Symbolic Value as an Organizing Factor in Perception

1948 • 181 citations

Attitude and Motivation

2012 • 180 citations

The dilution model: How additional goals undermine the perceived instrumentality of a shared path.

2007 • 167 citations

Automatic goal inferences

2004 • 163 citations

The substitutability of external control and self-control

2004 • 158 citations

When Goals Are Counterproductive: The Effects of Violation of a Behavioral Goal on Subsequent Performance

2004 • 151 citations

Personality, motivation, and achievement.

1978 • 144 citations

The Projective Expression of Needs: I. the Effect of Different Intensities of the Hunger Drive on Perception

1948 • 141 citations

The influence of goals on value and choice

2000 • 139 citations

Perception under stress.

1948 • 139 citations

The projective expression of needs. II. The effect of different intensities of the hunger drive on Thematic Apperception.

1948 • 133 citations

Motivation and information processing: A new look at decision making, dynamic change, and action control

1986 • 132 citations

The "What the Hell" Effect: Some Effects of Goal Proximity and Goal Framing on Performance

1996 • 123 citations

Where There Is a Will, Is There a Way? Effects of Lay Theories of Self‐Control on Setting and Keeping Resolutions

2005 • 122 citations

When Thinking Beats Doing: The Role of Optimistic Expectations in Goal-Based Choice

2007 • 121 citations

Principles of mental representation

1996 • 119 citations

The activation of unrelated and canceled intentions

1999 • 118 citations

On the substitutability of self-protective mechanisms

1996 • 112 citations

Inherent Rule Variability in Consumer Choice: Changing Rules for Change's Sake

2002 • 110 citations

The Control of the Unwanted

2006 • 105 citations

On the automatic evaluation of end-states.

2007 • 103 citations

Story grammars versus story points

1983 • 102 citations

Expression after suppression: A motivational explanation of postsuppressional rebound.

2000 • 95 citations

Ideals, oughts, and regulatory focus: Affect and motivation from distinct pains and pleasures.

1996 • 89 citations

Automatic appraisal of motivational valence: Motivational affective priming and Simon effects

2001 • 88 citations

Implicit and Explicit Attitudes: Research, Challenges, and Theory.

2005 • 77 citations

Ups and downs of life tasks in a life transition.

1989 • 72 citations

Self-signaling and self-control.

2003 • 71 citations

The Role of Affect in Delay of Gratification

1976 • 69 citations

Emotional influences on cognitive processing, with implications for theories of both.

1996 • 62 citations

The theory of cognitive dissonance: The evolution and vicissitudes of an idea.

1997 • 61 citations

Affect and delay of gratification

1977 • 58 citations

Passions: emotions and socially consequential behavior

1995 • 53 citations

Fundamentals of social psychology

1924 • 52 citations

COMMENTARIES on "Putting the Self Into Self-Conscious Emotions: A Theoretical Model"

2004 • 48 citations

Automatic stimulus‐goal comparisons: Support from motivational affective priming studies

2003 • 45 citations

Going Beyond the Motivation Given: Self-Control and Situational Control Over Behavior

2006 • 44 citations

What the hell

2001 • 41 citations

The Effect of Decision Strategy on Deciding to Defer Choice

1996 • 41 citations

Personal constructs, rules, and the logic of clinical activity.

1964 • 35 citations

Goal Concepts: Themes, Issues, and Questions

2015 • 34 citations

COMMITMENT USING PUNISHMENT

1996 • 34 citations

The Social Construction of Attitudes: Functional Consensus and Divergence in the U.S.Public’s Reactions to AIDS

1999 • 28 citations

Self and Self‐Control

1997 • 26 citations

Dynamics of Goal-Based Choice

2015 • 21 citations

Minor studies from the psychological laboratory of Cornell University.

1895 • 13 citations

Be Better Or Be Merry: How Mood Affects Self-Control

2007 • 2 citations

Together and apart: What makes choice alternatives compete versus complement

2006 • 1 citations