EXPECTANCIES FOR CONTROLLABILITY, PERFORMANCE ATTRIBUTIONS, AND BEHAVIOR

Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.

1966 • 21,432 citations

The psychology of interpersonal relations.

1958 • 12,175 citations

Philosophical Investigations.

1954 • 11,751 citations

Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability

1973 • 9,346 citations

Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation.

1978 • 6,706 citations

Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.

1959 • 5,257 citations

Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.

1963 • 4,784 citations

Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior

1987 • 3,755 citations

The processes of causal attribution.

1973 • 3,643 citations

Self-schemata and processing information about the self.

1977 • 3,638 citations

Attribution theory in social psychology

1967 • 3,501 citations

A new scale for the measurement of interpersonal trust1

1967 • 3,347 citations

Self-serving biases in the attribution of causality: Fact or fiction?

1975 • 2,467 citations

A theory of motivation for some classroom experiences.

1979 • 2,391 citations

Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence.

1976 • 2,255 citations

Statistics for the social sciences

1973 • 2,139 citations

Locus of control: Current trends in theory and research

1976 • 1,784 citations

Some problems and misconceptions related to the construct of internal versus external control of reinforcement.

1975 • 1,731 citations

A locus of control scale for children.

1973 • 1,572 citations

Clustering Algorithms.

1976 • 1,518 citations

Self-reference and the encoding of personal information.

1977 • 1,438 citations

Achievement Motivation and Attribution Theory.

1975 • 1,433 citations

Cognitive reference points

1975 • 1,403 citations

Judgment of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: Sadder but wiser?

1979 • 1,340 citations

The role of expectations and attributions in the alleviation of learned helplessness.

1975 • 1,321 citations

Stressful Life Events: Their Nature and Effects

1975 • 1,277 citations

Self-reference and the encoding of personal information.

1977 • 1,267 citations

The effects of choice and enhanced personal responsibility for the aged: A field experiment in an institutional setting.

1976 • 1,257 citations

A Bayesian analysis of attribution processes.

1975 • 1,205 citations

Depression: Clinical, Experimental, and Theoretical Aspects

1968 • 1,166 citations

Judgment of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: Sadder but wiser?

1979 • 1,153 citations

Attribution of success and failure revisited, or: The motivational bias is alive and well in attribution theory

1979 • 1,138 citations

Locus of control in personality

1976 • 1,133 citations

An analysis of learned helplessness: Continuous changes in performance, strategy, and achievement cognitions following failure.

1978 • 1,121 citations

Self-serving biases in the attribution process: A reexamination of the fact or fiction question.

1978 • 1,080 citations

The effects of choice and enhanced personal responsibility for the aged: A field experiment in an institutional setting.

1976 • 1,026 citations

CHILDREN'S BELIEFS IN THEIR OWN CONTROL OF REINFORCEMENTS IN INTEUECTUAL-ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT SITUATIONS

1965 • 955 citations

Learned helplessness and reinforcement responsibility in children.

1973 • 784 citations

Internal versus external control of reinforcement: A review.

1966 • 751 citations

Responses to Uncontrollable Outcomes: An Integration of Reactance Theory and the Learned Helplessness Model

1975 • 744 citations

Social Learning and Clinical Psychology

1955 • 668 citations

Locus of control and learned helplessness.

1974 • 620 citations

Traits as prototypes: Effects on recognition memory.

1977 • 608 citations

Long-term effects of a control-relevant intervention with the institutionalized aged.

1977 • 602 citations

Person Memory: The Cognitive Basis of Social Perception

1980 • 584 citations

Long-term effects of a control-relevant intervention with the institutionalized aged.

1977 • 515 citations

Effects of control and predictability on the physical and psychological well-being of the institutionalized aged.

1976 • 437 citations

A Locus of Control Scale for Noncollege as Well as College Adults

1974 • 435 citations

Alienation and Learning in a Hospital Setting

1962 • 418 citations

Causal ascriptions and achievement behavior: A conceptual analysis of effort and reanalysis of locus of control.

1972 • 370 citations

Four components of the Rotter Internal-External scale: Belief in a difficult world, a just world, a predictable world, and a politically responsive world.

1974 • 352 citations

The function of the illusions of control and freedom.

1973 • 351 citations

Effects of control and predictability on the physical and psychological well-being of the institutionalized aged.

1976 • 345 citations

State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)

2011 • 337 citations

Internal versus external control of reinforcement and decision time.

1965 • 335 citations

Ego involvement and attributions for success and failure.

1976 • 332 citations

Meaning, Memory Structure, and Mental Processes

1976 • 310 citations

A personality correlate of social action1

1963 • 301 citations

Alienation and Social Learning in a Reformatory

1963 • 288 citations

Expectancy changes in skill and chance situations.

1957 • 233 citations

Relationships between causal attributions and expectancy of success.

1973 • 221 citations

Social learning (locus of control) versus attributional (causal stability) interpretations of expectancy of success1

1976 • 215 citations

Internal-external control and persistence: Validation and implications of the Stanford Preschool Internal-External Scale.

1974 • 193 citations

SOME EFFECTS OF RESPONSE COST UPON HUMAN OPERANT BEHAVIOR

1962 • 190 citations

Some implications of a social learning theory for the prediction of goal directed behavior from testing procedures.

1960 • 184 citations

Measuring Causal Attributions for Success and Failure

1980 • 178 citations

Control over stress, locus of control, and response to stress.

1972 • 177 citations

Are causal attributions causal? A path analysis of the cognitive model of achievement motivation.

1979 • 170 citations

Long-term effects of control and predictability-enhancing interventions: Findings and ethical issues.

1978 • 167 citations

Superstition: A Matter of Bias, Not Detectability

1978 • 166 citations

Measuring causal attibutions for success and failure.

1979 • 161 citations

Internal-external control and attribution of responsibility for success and failure 1

1972 • 148 citations

Causal attributions for success and failure.

1975 • 142 citations

Persistence in children's reading behavior as a function of N length and attribution retraining.

1976 • 131 citations

BELIEFS IN INTERNALEXTERNAL CONTROL OF REINFORCEMENTS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

1968 • 123 citations

Effect of internal and external control upon changes in smoking behavior.

1965 • 121 citations

Long-term effects of control and predictability-enhancing interventions: Findings and ethical issues.

1978 • 114 citations

Effects of amount of helplessness training and internal-external locus of control on mood and performance.

1979 • 108 citations

Actor-observer differences in perceptions of effective control.

1975 • 100 citations

Children's Beliefs in Their Own Control of Reinforcements in Intellectual-Academic Achievement Situations

1965 • 99 citations

Distortion in person perception as a consequence of the need for effective control.

1978 • 97 citations

Effects of amount of helplessness training and internal–external locus of control on mood and performance.

1979 • 95 citations

Effects of cue explication upon persons maintaining external control expectancies.

1967 • 94 citations

Effects of locus of control and expectation of future control upon present performance.

1967 • 85 citations

Evidence for the Self as a Cognitive Prototype: The "False Alarms Effect"

1979 • 83 citations

Social comparison and some determinants of expected personal control and expected performance in a novel task situation.

1974 • 73 citations

Internal-external control and the attribution of blame under neutral and distractive conditions.

1971 • 72 citations

Self-serving attributional biases: Perceptual or response distortions?

1979 • 72 citations

What constitutes a self-serving attributional bias? A reply to Bradley.

1978 • 70 citations

Internal versus external attribution of task performance as a function of locus of control, initial confidence and success-failure outcome1

1974 • 69 citations

Effects of personality and situational variation in locus of control on cheating: Determinants of the "congruence effect"1

1978 • 59 citations

Cognitive activity and hypothesis formation during a double entendre word association test as a function of locus of control and field dependence.

1973 • 57 citations

The effect of reference group upon Negroes task persistence in a biracial competitive game.

1965 • 51 citations

Positive life events and reports of well‐being: Some useful distinctions

1980 • 46 citations

Denial of diability and internal control of reinforcement: A study using a perceptual defense paradigm.

1968 • 43 citations

Locus of control for positive and negative outcomes.

1978 • 43 citations

Causal attributions as a function of locus of control, initial confidence, and performance outcomes.

1975 • 41 citations

Attributional Egotism

2018 • 39 citations

Relationships among locus of control, anxiety, and valued-goal expectations.

1973 • 39 citations

Naive psychology and the attributional model of achievement

1979 • 37 citations

Attributions and Learned Helplessness

2018 • 36 citations

Internal-external control and the reduction of reinforcement value after failure.

1971 • 36 citations

Coping behavior and locus of control in children¹

1979 • 35 citations

Defensive externality and attribution of responsibility

1974 • 33 citations

Locus of control and the expression of humor

1974 • 32 citations

Explaining success or failure as a function of one's locus of control

1974 • 32 citations

Children's perceptions of internal-external control in intellectual-academic situations and their Embedded Figures Test performance.

1972 • 31 citations

Relationships between locus of control, trait anxiety, and state anxiety: An interactionist perspective¹

1979 • 31 citations

Defensive externality and blame projection following failure.

1975 • 30 citations

Locus of control and causal attribution for positive and negative outcomes on university examinations

1979 • 29 citations

Atypical patterns in locus of control and nonadaptive behavior

1972 • 28 citations

Humor response and humor production as a function of locus of control, field dependence and type of reinforcements1

1974 • 28 citations

Reward and purpose as incentives for children differing in locus of control expectancies¹

1975 • 27 citations

Children's Perceptions of Internal-External Control in Intellectual-Academic Situations and Their Embedded Figures Test Performance

1972 • 25 citations

Anxiety, Discrepancy between Need Value and Expectancy, and Internal-External Control

1971 • 24 citations

Perceived Contingency of Parental Reinforcements, Parent-Child Relations, and Locus of Control

1975 • 24 citations

Learned helplessness and learned effectiveness: Effects of explicit response cues on individuals differing in personal control expectancies.

1979 • 23 citations

Priming of mediators in causal attribution.

1980 • 23 citations

The interaction of locus of control expectancies and providing purpose on children's motivation

1977 • 21 citations

Relationship of internal-external control of defensive preferences.

1974 • 21 citations

Effects of personality-situation locus of control congruence.

1975 • 19 citations

Learned helplessness and learned effectiveness: Effects of explicit response cues on individuals differing in personal control expectancies.

1979 • 19 citations

The Occurrence of Reinforcing Activities in Relation to Locus of Control, Success-Failure Expectancies, and Physical Attractiveness

1977 • 17 citations

A constructivist analysis of the Rotter I‐E scale¹

1979 • 15 citations

Locus of control and mastery in a reformatory: A field study of defensive externality.

1980 • 15 citations

Effects of personality-situation locus of control congruence.

1975 • 14 citations

Perceived Locus of Control, Chronic Self-Esteem, and Attributions to Success and Failure

1979 • 11 citations

Locus of Control and Cue Explication

1978 • 9 citations

Perceived Personal Control and Attribution of Causality

1974 • 9 citations

Locus of Control and Effects of Failure on Performance and Perceived Competence

1978 • 8 citations

Personal orientation and reactions to success and failure in urban black children.

1972 • 7 citations

Contribution of generalized expectancy to stated expectancy under conditions of success and failure.

1969 • 6 citations

The usefulness of distinguishing between a defensive and a nondefensive external locus of control

1979 • 5 citations

REWARD VERSUS RESPONSE COST AS INCENTIVES FOR CHILDREN DIFFERING IN LOCUS OF CONTROL FORPOSITIVE AND NEGATIVE OUTCOMES

1980 • 3 citations