Animal Models for the Analysis of Immune Responses to Leishmaniasis

Limiting dilution assays for the determination of immunocompetent cell frequencies. I. Data analysis.

1981 • 1,281 citations

Natural resistance to infection with intracellular parasites: Isolation of a candidate for Bcg

1993 • 1,107 citations

An improved method to determine cell viability by simultaneous staining with fluorescein diacetate-propidium iodide.

1985 • 1,068 citations

A limiting dilution assay for quantifying Leishmania major in tissues of infected mice

1985 • 508 citations

Establishment of Stable, Cell-Mediated Immunity that Makes "Susceptible" Mice Resistant to Leishmania major

1992 • 503 citations

Identification of an Infective Stage of Leishmania Promastigotes

1984 • 498 citations

Molecular Aspects of Parasite-Vector and Vector-Host Interactions in Leishmaniasis

2001 • 414 citations

A Lipophosphoglycan-Independent Method for Isolation of Infective Leishmania Metacyclic Promastigotes by Density Gradient Centrifugation

2001 • 369 citations

A Natural Model ofLeishmania majorInfection Reveals a Prolonged “Silent” Phase of Parasite Amplification in the Skin Before the Onset of Lesion Formation and Immunity

2000 • 359 citations

Identification of cell surface carbohydrate and antigenic changes between noninfective and infective developmental stages of Leishmania major promastigotes.

1985 • 338 citations

Developmental modification of lipophosphoglycan during the differentiation of Leishmania major promastigotes to an infectious stage.

1992 • 263 citations

Immunity to a salivary protein of a sand fly vector protects against the fatal outcome of visceral leishmaniasis in a hamster model

2008 • 232 citations

Regulation of Leishmania populations within the host. II. genetic control of acute susceptibility of mice to Leishmania donovani infection.

1977 • 225 citations

Metacyclogenesis in Leishmania promastigotes

1989 • 215 citations

Immunological regulation of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. 1. Immunogenetic aspects of susceptibility to Leishmania tvopica in mice

1980 • 207 citations

Real-Time PCR for Detection and Quantitation of Leishmania in Mouse Tissues

2002 • 203 citations

Complement binding by two developmental stages of Leishmania major promastigotes varying in expression of a surface lipophosphoglycan.

1988 • 202 citations

Stage-specific binding of Leishmania donovani to the sand fly vector midgut is regulated by conformational changes in the abundant surface lipophosphoglycan.

1995 • 179 citations

Influence of H–2 complex on acquired resistance to Leishmania donovani infection in mice

1980 • 179 citations

Genetic susceptibility to leishmanial infections: studies in mice and man

1996 • 170 citations

Host Resistance to the Khartoum Strain of Leishmania donovani

1958 • 149 citations

Nonhealing Infection despite Th1 Polarization Produced by a Strain of Leishmania major in C57BL/6 Mice

2005 • 132 citations

Structure of Leishmania lipophosphoglycan: inter- and intra-specific polymorphism in Old World species

1995 • 128 citations

Leishmania DNA is rapidly degraded following parasite death: an analysis by microscopy and real-time PCR

2007 • 127 citations

Cloning of Syrian Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) Cytokine cDNAs and Analysis of Cytokine mRNA Expression in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis

1998 • 127 citations

Intradermal Infection Model for Pathogenesis and Vaccine Studies of Murine Visceral Leishmaniasis

2002 • 126 citations

Experimental models for leishmaniasis and for testing anti-leishmanial vaccines

1995 • 126 citations

Regional Differences in the Cellular Immune Response to Experimental Cutaneous or Visceral Infection withLeishmania donovani

1998 • 123 citations

Growth cycle-dependent generation of complement-resistant Leishmania promastigotes.

1985 • 122 citations

Leishmania donovani: Long-term culture of axenic amastigotes at 37 °C

1991 • 121 citations

Leishmania mexicana: Serial cultivation of intracellular stages in a cell-free medium

1984 • 118 citations

Targeted gene deletion of Leishmania major genes encoding developmental stage‐specific leishmanolysin (GP63)

1998 • 118 citations

Leishmania chagasi: lipophosphoglycan characterization and binding to the midgut of the sand fly vector Lutzomyia longipalpis

2002 • 117 citations

Isolation of Mouse Mononuclear Cells

2000 • 113 citations

Parenteral Injections

2006 • 105 citations

Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection and Quantification of Leishmania (Viannia) Organisms in Skin and Mucosal Lesions: Exploratory Study of Parasite Load and Clinical Parameters

2013 • 102 citations

Experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. V. Protective immunity in subclinical and self-healing infection in the mouse.

1976 • 101 citations

Comparison between Quantitative Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification, Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR, and Real-Time PCR for Quantification ofLeishmaniaParasites

2007 • 100 citations

Leishmania donovani metacyclic promastigotes: Transformation in vitro, lectin agglutination, complement resistance, and infectivity

1987 • 90 citations

Characterization of strains of Leishmania donovani

1966 • 90 citations

In vitro stimulation of metacyclogenesis in Leishmania braziliensis, L. donovani, L. major and L. mexicana

1998 • 88 citations

Presentation of theLeishmania antigen LACK by infected macrophages is dependent upon the virulence of the phagocytosed parasites

1999 • 85 citations

Effects of Promastigote Growth Phase, Frequency of Subculture, and Host Age on Promastigote‐initiated Infections with Leishmania donovani in the Golden Hamster*^†

1974 • 83 citations

Variations in the response of five strains of mice to Leishmania mexicana

1979 • 81 citations

Advantages of measuring changes in the number of viable parasites in murine models of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis

1983 • 79 citations

Intra-Species and Stage-Specific Polymorphisms in Lipophosphoglycan Structure Control Leishmania donovani−Sand Fly Interactions

1999 • 79 citations

Early Histopathology of Experimental Infection with Leishmania donovani in Hamsters

1987 • 78 citations

Infectivity of the Subspecies of the Leishmania braziliensis Complex in Vivo and in Vitro

1990 • 74 citations

Late Metastatic Leishmaniasis in the Mouse

1983 • 73 citations

VACCINATION AGAINST CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN MICE USING NONPATHOGENIC CLONED PROMASTIGOTES OF LEISHMANIA MAJOR AND IMPORTANCE OF ROUTE OF INJECTION

1984 • 70 citations

The role of the lipophosphoglycan ofLeishmaniain vector competence

1994 • 70 citations

Site-Dependent Recruitment of Inflammatory Cells Determines the Effective Dose of Leishmania major

2014 • 66 citations

A New Model of Progressive Visceral Leishmaniasis in Hamsters by Natural Transmission via Bites of Vector Sand Flies

2013 • 65 citations

Leishmania tropica:The Identification and Purification of Metacyclic Promastigotes and Use in Establishing Mouse and Hamster Models of Cutaneous and Visceral Disease

1998 • 61 citations

Leishmania major and L. donovani: A method for rapid purification of amastigotes

1990 • 61 citations

Evaluation of PCR procedures for detecting and quantifying Leishmania donovani DNA in large numbers of dried human blood samples from a visceral leishmaniasis focus in Northern Ethiopia

2013 • 59 citations

I. Extracellular Cultivation and Morphological Characterization of Amastigote‐Like Forms of Leishmania panamensis and L. braziliensis

1989 • 56 citations

Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Disseminated Leishmaniasis in Genetically Susceptible and Resistant Mice

1982 • 53 citations

Evolution of Lesion Formation, Parasitic Load, Immune Response, and Reservoir Potential in C57BL/6 Mice following High- and Low-Dose Challenge withLeishmania major

2000 • 53 citations

Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis metacyclic promastigotes purified using Bauhinia purpurea lectin are complement resistant and highly infective for macrophages in vitro and hamsters in vivo

2002 • 51 citations

Leishmania Metacyclogenesis Is Promoted in the Absence of Purines

2012 • 50 citations

Site-specific immunity to Leishmania major in SWR mice: the site of infection influences susceptibility and expression of the antileishmanial immune response

1994 • 50 citations

Anesthesia

1998 • 45 citations

Immunoregulatory pathways in murine leishmaniasis: different regulatory control during Leishmania mexicana mexicana and Leishmania major infections.

1985 • 44 citations

Cryopreservation and Thawing of Cells

2012 • 43 citations

Murine model of chronic L. (Viannia) panamensis infection: Role of IL‐13 in disease

2010 • 41 citations

Infectivity of Leishmania donovani Amastigotes and Promastigotes for Golden Hamsters*

1976 • 41 citations

Isolation and purification of amastigotes of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis by a gradient of Metrizamide.

1983 • 38 citations

The structure and function of the surface lipophosphoglycan on different developmental stages of Leishmania promastigotes.

1992 • 38 citations

Isolation and Purification of Amastigotes of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis by a Gradient of Metrizamide

1983 • 36 citations

Handling and Restraint

2006 • 29 citations

Wasting and Macrophage Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor/Cachectin and Interleukin 1 in Experimental Visceral leishmaniasis

1990 • 25 citations

Leishmania donovani: Acquired resistance to visceral leishmaniasis in the golden hamster

1976 • 21 citations

Leishmania major: A Clone with Low Virulence for BALB/c Mice Elicits a Th1 Type Response and Protects against Infection with a Highly Virulent Clone

1997 • 17 citations

Duplex quantitative Reverse-Transcriptase PCR for simultaneous assessment of drug activity against Leishmania intracellular amastigotes and their host cells

2013 • 16 citations

DIVISION OF MICROBIOLOGY: THE ORIGIN AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF PARASITES IN VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS

1966 • 13 citations

Leishmania spp.: Agar plating as an alternative to limiting dilution and impression smears for the enumeration of viable parasites in tissue

1987 • 9 citations

The origin of the golden hamster as a laboratory animal.

1989 • 6 citations