A Behavioral Analysis of the Reinforcing Properties of Alcohol and Other Drugs in Man

Science and Human Behavior

1953 • 9,622 citations

The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

1976 • 8,675 citations

The Behavior of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis

1939 • 4,304 citations

Science and Human Behavior.

1954 • 4,049 citations

Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent opiate agonist activity

1975 • 3,780 citations

Handbook of Psychopharmacology

1988 • 2,778 citations

Physiology and Behavior

1973 • 2,271 citations

An opponent-process theory of motivation: I. Temporal dynamics of affect.

1974 • 1,644 citations

Handbook of experimental pharmacology

1984 • 1,599 citations

[Drug addiction and drug abuse].

1969 • 1,466 citations

Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems

1984 • 1,126 citations

Development of a sensation-seeking scale.

1964 • 1,066 citations

Stereospecific Binding of the Potent Narcotic Analgesic [ ³ H]Etorphine to Rat-Brain Homogenate

1973 • 1,055 citations

Cocaine and Other Stimulants

1988 • 982 citations

Problems of Drug Dependence

1969 • 970 citations

The opponent-process theory of acquired motivation: The costs of pleasure and the benefits of pain.

1980 • 932 citations

The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue

1972 • 905 citations

Dimensions of sensation seeking.

1971 • 900 citations

The opponent-process theory of acquired motivation: The costs of pleasure and the benefits of pain.

1980 • 853 citations

The Theory of reinforcement schedules

1970 • 802 citations

The American Disease: Origins of Narcotic Control

1973 • 759 citations

Research advances in alcohol and drug problems

1975 • 578 citations

Opioid Peptides Endorphins in Pituitary and Brain

1976 • 518 citations

Biological Regulation and Development

1982 • 489 citations

Psychopathology : experimental models

1977 • 488 citations

Alcohol and Tension Reduction; A Review

1972 • 438 citations

Properties of Opiate-Receptor Binding in Rat Brain

1973 • 437 citations

Cocaine and Other Stimulants

1977 • 421 citations

The pharmacological basis of therapeutics

1976 • 398 citations

The Biology of Alcoholism

1983 • 383 citations

Advances in Behavioral Pharmacology

2014 • 364 citations

Advances in Behavioral Pharmacology

2014 • 356 citations

Effects of alcohol on aggression in male social drinkers.

1975 • 337 citations

Cocaine Plasma Concentration: Relation to Physiological and Subjective Effects in Humans

1978 • 335 citations

Theories on drug abuse. Selected contemporary perspectives.

1980 • 331 citations

Cardiovascular and Subjective Effects of Intravenous Cocaine Administration in Humans

1976 • 327 citations

The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

1971 • 326 citations

Emotions and Anxiety: New Concepts, Methods, and Applications

1976 • 317 citations

Principles of Drug Action.

1969 • 316 citations

Endogenous Opioids Participate in the Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Luteinizing Hormone Axis and Testosterone's Negative Feedback Control of Luteinizing Hormone*

1979 • 316 citations

Relationships between global and specified measures of novelty seeking.

1970 • 272 citations

SCHEDULES USING NOXIOUS STIMULI. III. RESPONDING MAINTAINED WITH RESPONSE‐PRODUCED ELECTRIC SHOCKS¹

1968 • 259 citations

Acute Systemic Effects of Cocaine in Man: A Controlled Study by Intranasal and Intravenous Routes

1977 • 256 citations

Psychopharmacology: A Generation of Progress

1978 • 252 citations

Function of the Male Sex Organs in Heroin and Methadone Users

1975 • 242 citations

Intranasal and oral cocaine kinetics

1980 • 232 citations

Recent Advances in Studies of Alcoholism

1973 • 227 citations

Biological aspects of alcohol

1971 • 223 citations

Methods in narcotics research

1975 • 221 citations

Handbook of Psychopharmacology

1978 • 219 citations

Opiate Receptors in the Brain

1977 • 210 citations

Oral Cocaine: Plasma Concentrations and Central Effects

1978 • 206 citations

Drinking Patterns during Work-Contingent and NonContingent Alcohol Acquisition*

1972 • 202 citations

Heroin Use as an Attempt To Cope: Clinical Observations

1974 • 194 citations

Drug preference and mood in humans: d-amphetamine

1980 • 190 citations

Predicting the Abuse Liability of Drugs with Animal Drug Self-Administration Procedures: Psychomotor Stimulants and Hallucinogens

1979 • 190 citations

Notes from Underground

1864 • 184 citations

Distribution of stereospecific binding of the potent narcotic analgesic etorphine in the human brain: predominance in the limbic system.

1973 • 183 citations

Expectancies, alcohol, and sexual arousal in male social drinkers.

1976 • 183 citations

Alcoholism: New Directions in Behavioural Research and Treatment

1981 • 175 citations

Effects of acute alcohol intake on pituitary-gonadal hormones in normal human males.

1977 • 174 citations

Effects of alcohol on social anxiety and physiological arousal: Cognitive versus pharmacological processes

1977 • 170 citations

The American Disease: Origins of Narcotic Control

1974 • 169 citations

Predicting dependence liability of stimulant and depressant drugs

1977 • 169 citations

A psychodynamic study of a patient during experimental self-regulated re-addiction to morphine

1952 • 161 citations

Modification of affective consequences of alcohol: A comparison of social and solitary drinking.

1974 • 160 citations

Depression and anxiety in heroin addicts: a placebo-controlled study of doxepin in combination with methadone

1975 • 159 citations

Behavioral Studies of Alcoholism

1972 • 157 citations

Opium and the romantic imagination

1968 • 156 citations

Effects of type and dose of alcohol on human physical aggression.

1975 • 154 citations

Expectancies, alcohol, and sexual arousal in male social drinkers.

1976 • 149 citations

Opiate use and sexual function

1980 • 148 citations

Effects of naltrexone on mood and neuroendocrine function in normal adult males

1978 • 147 citations

Experimental Analysis of Drinking Patterns of Alcoholics: Concurrent Psychiatric Observations

1968 • 145 citations

Plasma testosterone levels in heroin addiction and during methadone maintenance.

1975 • 145 citations

The natural mind

1972 • 144 citations

Behavioral Analysis of Chronic Alcoholism

1970 • 141 citations

Cognitive performance measured on the ascending and descending limb of the blood alcohol curve

1972 • 139 citations

Comparative Psychophysiological Studies of Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Subjects Undergoing Experimentally Induced Ethanol Intoxication

1966 • 138 citations

Effects of alcohol and expectancy set on male sexual arousal.

1976 • 138 citations

Morphine effects on human REM state, waking state and NREM sleep

1969 • 136 citations

CHANGES IN PERSONALITY AND SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE ASSOCIATED WITH THE CHRONIC ADMINSTRATION AND WITHDRAWAL OF OPIATES

1969 • 133 citations

Alcohol, affect, and the disinhibition of verbal behavior

1983 • 131 citations

Decreased serum testosterone concentration in male heroin and methadone addicts

1973 • 130 citations

The Psychodynamics of Chronic Inebriation: Observations of Alcoholics During the Process of Drinking in an Experimental Group Setting

1969 • 129 citations

Memory impairment on the ascending and descending limbs of the blood alcohol curve.

1973 • 129 citations

Alcohol and Mood: An Updated Review

1978 • 127 citations

Social drinking, anxiety, and depression.

1966 • 125 citations

Effects of heroin and methadone on plasma cortisol and testosterone.

1975 • 123 citations

THE REINFORCING PROPERTY OF ETHANOL IN THE RHESUS MONKEY: I. INITIATION, MAINTENANCE AND TERMINATION OF INTRAVENOUS ETHANOL‐REINFORCED RESPONDING*†

1973 • 118 citations

Alcohol in Suicide and Homicide

1973 • 113 citations

Effect of alcohol on elicited male sexual response.

1976 • 113 citations

Maintenance of Responding under a Fixed-Interval Schedule of Electric Shock-Presentation

1968 • 112 citations

The Heroin Stimulus

1979 • 108 citations

Alcoholics' Expectancies and Recall of Experiences During Intoxication

1970 • 107 citations

Operant analysis of human heroin self-administration and the effects of naltrexone.

1981 • 106 citations

Quantitative Studies on Alcohol Tolerance in Man. The Influence of Ethyl Alcohol on Sensory, Motor and Psychological Functions Referred to Blood Alcohol in Normal and Habituated Individuals.

1943 • 106 citations

Effects of heroin self-administration on cigarette smoking

1980 • 105 citations

Ethanol inhibits testosterone biosynthesis by direct action on Leydig cells.

1979 • 99 citations

Multiple Drug Use among Marijuana Smokers

1969 • 98 citations

State-Dependent Learning Produced by Alcohol and Its Relevance to Alcoholism

1972 • 97 citations

Alcohol's effects on physiological arousal and self-reported affect and sensations.

1980 • 95 citations

Alcoholism: Progress in Research and Treatment

1973 • 94 citations

The Effect of Alcohol Consumption on the Aggressive Behavior of Men

1974 • 92 citations

Effect of alcohol and marihuana on tobacco smoking

1980 • 87 citations

Behavior Maintained by Termination of a Schedule of Self-Administered Cocaine

1979 • 85 citations

Turning on or turning off: Sensation seeking or tension reduction as motivational determinants of alcohol use.

1978 • 82 citations

Plasma testosterone levels during chronic heroin use and protracted abstinence; A study of Hong Kong addicts

1975 • 81 citations

Alcohol and Affect in Dyadic Social Interaction

1975 • 80 citations

Psychiatric aspects of drug addiction

1953 • 79 citations

The predisposition toward alcohol-related interpersonal aggression in men.

1975 • 79 citations

FIXED‐INTERVAL SCHEDULES OF ELECTRIC SHOCK PRESENTATION: EXTINCTION AND RECOVERY OF PERFORMANCE UNDER DIFFERENT SHOCK INTENSITIES AND FIXED‐INTERVAL DURATIONS¹

1969 • 77 citations

Alcoholism: progress in research and treatment

1973 • 77 citations

Changes in rat brain opiate receptor content upon castration and testosterone replacement

1979 • 76 citations

PERSISTENT BEHAVIOR MAINTAINED BY UNAVOIDABLE SHOCKS

1963 • 75 citations

Sites of Steroid Binding and Action in the Brain

1972 • 73 citations

Sexual Problems of Heroin Addicts

1974 • 72 citations

Drug Abuse by Alcoholics: A Review

1973 • 71 citations

RESPONDING IN THE CAT MAINTAINED UNDER RESPONSE‐INDEPENDENT ELECTRIC SHOCK AND RESPONSE‐PRODUCED ELECTRIC SHOCK^1,2

1969 • 71 citations

Psychoendocrine Response to Sexual Arousal in Human Males

1978 • 71 citations

Modulation of Elicited Behavior by a Fixed-Interval Schedule of Electric Shock Presentation

1967 • 69 citations

Effects of alcohol on male sexual responding

1976 • 66 citations

Turning on or turning off: Sensation seeking or tension reduction as motivational determinants of alcohol use.

1978 • 65 citations

Tension-reducing effects of alcohol: Further evidence and some methodological considerations.

1974 • 64 citations

Alcohol and social anxiety in males: behavioral, cognitive, and physiological effects.

1980 • 64 citations

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY OF ALCOHOL

1968 • 64 citations

Alcohol Intoxication and Withdrawal, Experimental Studies

1974 • 63 citations

Social Sanctions and Rituals as a Basis for Drug Abuse Prevention

1975 • 61 citations

Mood changes during three conditions of alcohol intake.

1972 • 61 citations

Alcoholic drinking: Suppression by a brief time-out procedure

1974 • 60 citations

Acute effects of heroin and naltrexone on testosterone and gonadotropin secretion: A pilot study

1976 • 59 citations

A Study of Social Regulatory Mechanisms in Controlled Illicit Drug Users

1977 • 59 citations

Maintenance of Responding by Fixed-Interval Schedule of Electric Shock Presentation in Squirrel Monkeys

1968 • 52 citations

Psychopathology, Craving, and Mood during Heroin Acquisition: An Experimental Study

1976 • 51 citations

The effect of alcohol and smoking on testosterone function and aggression in chronic alcoholics

1977 • 50 citations

The Chinese Opium Wars

1975 • 49 citations

Suppression of ethanol self-administration in alcoholics by contingent time-out from social interactions

1974 • 49 citations

Narcotic Antagonists (Advances in Biochemical Psycho-pharmacology 8)

1975 • 48 citations

Operant acquisition of marihuana in man.

1976 • 48 citations

Problem Drinkers Among Patients on Methadone

1975 • 47 citations

Behavioral functions of narcotic antagonists: response-drug contingencies

1975 • 46 citations

Effect of alcohol consumption on state anxiety changes in male and female nonalcoholics

1978 • 46 citations

Secondary Drug Use Among Heroin Users

1970 • 45 citations

Mood Changes during Three Conditions of Alcohol lntake

1972 • 43 citations

Heroin and naltrexone effects on pituitary-gonadal hormones in man: interaction of steroid feedback effects, tolerance and supersensitivity.

1980 • 43 citations

Alcohol Use by Narcotic Addicts in Methadone Maintenance Treatment

1973 • 43 citations

Alcoholism: The Total Treatment Approach.

1968 • 41 citations

Biological aspects of alcoholism

1997 • 40 citations

An investigation of nalorphine and perphenazine as negative reinforcers in an escape paradigm

1977 • 40 citations

Human sedative self-administration: effects of interingestion interval and dose.

1976 • 39 citations

Alcohol and social anxiety in males: Behavioral, cognitive, and physiological effects.

1980 • 38 citations

Polydrug abuse : the results of a national collaborative study

1978 • 38 citations

Negative reinforcing properties of morphine-antagonists in naive rhesus monkeys

1973 • 37 citations

Alcoholism and the Central Nervous System.

1973 • 36 citations

Alcoholic beverages and their placebos: An empirical evaluation of expectancies

1980 • 36 citations

Alcohol, aggression and androgens.

1974 • 36 citations

PATTERNS OF HEROIN USE

1978 • 35 citations

MAINTENANCE AND SUPPRESSION OF RESPONDING UNDER SCHEDULES OF ELECTRIC SHOCK PRESENTATION¹

1972 • 35 citations

Abuse of barbiturates in an alcoholic population.

1971 • 34 citations

Psychotherapeutic Interviews and Alcohol lntoxication

1962 • 33 citations

Evolving Patterns of Drug Abuse

1975 • 32 citations

The actions of narcotic antagonists in morphine-dependent rhesus monkeys.

1973 • 32 citations

Control of drug-taking behavior by schedules of reinforcement.

1975 • 32 citations

Control of Behavior by Noxious Stimuli

1977 • 30 citations

Steroid hormones and the brain: Cellular mechanisms underlying neural and behavioral plasticity

1980 • 29 citations

Relationship of Social Factors to Ethanol Self-Administration in Alcoholics

1978 • 27 citations

FIXED‐RATIO ESCAPE AND AVOIDANCE‐ESCAPE FROM NALOXONE IN MORPHINE‐DEPENDENT MONKEYS: EFFECTS OF NALOXONE DOSE AND MORPHINE PRETREATMENT¹

1975 • 27 citations

What are the Effects of Cocaine in Man?

1977 • 26 citations

Patterns of Drug Use Among Marihuana Smokers

1971 • 25 citations

BEHAVIOR SIMULTANEOUSLY MAINTAINED BY BOTH PRESENTATION AND TERMINATION OF NOXIOUS STIMULI¹

1978 • 24 citations

Effect of Emotional State on Alcohol Consumption

1979 • 23 citations

THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON DREAMS AND HALLUCINATIONS IN ALCOHOL ADDICTS

1973 • 23 citations

Effects of sexual versus fear arousal on alcohol consumption in college males

1980 • 23 citations

Drug Use and Four Kinds of Novelty‐seeking*

1977 • 23 citations

Multiple Drug Use in a Sample of Experienced Marijuana Smokers

1972 • 23 citations

Mood changes in an alcoholism treatment program based on drinking decisions

1975 • 22 citations

Drugs and youth

1971 • 22 citations

Reinforcement and Punishment of Behavior by the Same Consequent Event

1977 • 20 citations

Human polydrug use: marihuana and alcohol.

1978 • 19 citations

Multiple drug use of marihuana users.

1973 • 19 citations

Gods, men, and wine

1966 • 17 citations

Physiological and Behavioral Effects of Intravenous Cocaine in Man

1977 • 14 citations

The Muse and the Martini

1973 • 14 citations

DRINKING AND SOCIALIZING IN “INTROVERTED” AND “EXTRAVERTED” ALCOHOLICS*

1976 • 13 citations

First Drinking Experience in Addictive and Nonaddictive Drinkers

1974 • 13 citations

Cocaine: Blood Concentration and Physiological Effect After Intranasal Application in Man

1977 • 12 citations

Multiple interruptions of responding maintained by a fixed-interval schedule of electric-shock presentation in squirrel monkeys.

1970 • 11 citations

RESPONDING MAINTAINED UNDER FIXED‐INTERVAL AND FIXED‐TIME SCHEDULES OF ELECTRIC SHOCK PRESENTATION¹

1978 • 9 citations

A Clarification of the Relationship between Alcohol and Marihuana*

1973 • 9 citations

Termination of a schedule complex associated with intravenous injections of nalorphine in morphine-dependent rhesus monkeys.

1975 • 9 citations

MAINTENANCE OF RESPONDING BY SQUIRREL MONKEYS UNDER A CONCURRENT SHOCK‐POSTPONEMENT, FIXED‐INTERVAL SHOCK‐PRESENTATION SCHEDULE

1980 • 7 citations

RESPONDING UNDER SCHEDULES COMBINING RESPONSE‐DEPENDENT AND RESPONSE‐INDEPENDENT SHOCK DELIVERY

1978 • 7 citations

The Major Drugs of Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults

1973 • 6 citations

The Alcoholism of F. Scott Fitzgerald

1970 • 5 citations

Behavioral Pharmacology of Alcohol

1982 • 5 citations

The Alcoholism of Eugene O'Neill

1971 • 5 citations

THE EFFECT OF TIMEOUT ON PERFORMANCE ON A VARIABLE‐INTERVAL SCHEDULE OF ELECTRIC‐SHOCK PRESENTATION¹

1975 • 3 citations

Non-Pharmacological Factors in Drug Dependence

1972 • 2 citations

An investigation of the negative-reinforcing properties of naloxone and cyclazocine in squirrel monkeys

1980 • 1 citations

Estrogens, Brain Cell Function, and Behavior

1982 • 1 citations

Sensation Seeking Scale, Form IV

1971 • 1 citations