Cultured human Langerhans' cells are superior to fresh cells at presenting native HIV-1 protein antigens to specific CD4+ T-cell lines.

Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha.

1994 • 5,204 citations

The Dendritic Cell System and its Role in Immunogenicity

1991 • 4,733 citations

Proliferating dendritic cell progenitors in human blood.

1994 • 1,922 citations

GM-CSF and TNF-α cooperate in the generation of dendritic Langerhans cells

1992 • 1,608 citations

Presentation of exogenous protein antigens by dendritic cells to T cell clones. Intact protein is presented best by immature, epidermal Langerhans cells.

1989 • 542 citations

Downregulation of the antigen presenting cell function(s) of pulmonary dendritic cells in vivo by resident alveolar macrophages.

1993 • 540 citations

Interactions of tumor necrosis factor with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and other cytokines in the regulation of dendritic cell growth in vitro from early bipotent CD34+ progenitors in human bone marrow.

1992 • 452 citations

An essential role for Langerhans cell-derived IL-1 beta in the initiation of primary immune responses in skin.

1993 • 427 citations

Dendritic cells freshly isolated from human blood express CD4 and mature into typical immunostimulatory dendritic cells after culture in monocyte-conditioned medium.

1993 • 395 citations

Antigen presentation mediated by recycling of surface HLA-DR molecules

1995 • 271 citations

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promotes differentiation and survival of human peripheral blood dendritic cells in vitro.

1990 • 269 citations

Cyclosporin A promotes spontaneous outgrowth in vitro of Epstein–Barr virus-induced B-cell lines

1981 • 242 citations

Isolation and characterization of human peripheral blood dendritic cells.

1993 • 240 citations

Response of naive antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in vitro: characteristics and antigen-presenting cell requirements.

1992 • 239 citations

Tumor necrosis factor alpha maintains the viability of murine epidermal Langerhans cells in culture, but in contrast to granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, without inducing their functional maturation.

1990 • 227 citations

Cell surface HLA-DR-invariant chain complexes are targeted to endosomes by rapid internalization.

1993 • 221 citations

Antigen processing by epidermal Langerhans cells correlates with the level of biosynthesis of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and expression of invariant chain.

1990 • 214 citations

Processed antigen binds to newly synthesized mhc class II molecules in antigen-specific B lymphocytes

1991 • 188 citations

Role of dendritic cells in the priming of CD4+ T lymphocytes to peptide antigen in vivo.

1993 • 164 citations

Disappearance of certain acidic organelles (endosomes and Langerhans cell granules) accompanies loss of antigen processing capacity upon culture of epidermal Langerhans cells.

1990 • 159 citations

Class II major histocompatibility complex molecules of murine dendritic cells: synthesis, sialylation of invariant chain, and antigen processing capacity are down-regulated upon culture.

1991 • 158 citations

The immunologic properties of epidermal Langerhans cells as a part of the dendritic cell system

1992 • 140 citations

Langerhans' cells are an actual site of HIV-1 replication.

1988 • 118 citations

Epidermal Langerhans cells are critical for immunoregulation of cutaneous leishmaniasis

1993 • 111 citations

Immortalized dendritic cell line fully competent in antigen presentation initiates primary T cell responses in vivo.

1993 • 108 citations

Functional studies of epidermal Langerhans cells and blood monocytes in HIV-infected persons.

1995 • 96 citations

Freshly isolated spleen dendritic cells and epidermal Langerhans cells undergo similar phenotypic and functional changes during short-term culture.

1990 • 90 citations

Heterogeneity in antigen processing by different types of antigen-presenting cells. Effect of cell culture on antigen processing ability.

1992 • 85 citations

Adhesion Molecules CD11a, CD18, and ICAM-1 on Human Epidermal Langerhans Cells Serve a Functional Role in the Activation of Alloreactive T Cells

1991 • 76 citations

Human Resident Langerhans Cells Display a Lysosomal compartment Enriched in MHC Class II

1994 • 68 citations

The ability of cultured Langerhans cells to process and present protein antigens is MHC-dependent.

1991 • 66 citations

The naive repertoire of human T helper cells specific for gp120, the envelope glycoprotein of HIV.

1991 • 66 citations

Expression of B7 Costimulatory Molecule in Cultured Human Epidermal Langerhans Cells Is Regulated at the mRNA Level

1994 • 53 citations

Function of adhesion molecules lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on human epidermal Langerhans cells in antigen-specific T cell activation.

1994 • 52 citations

Antigen processing in populations of mature murine dendritic cells is caused by subsets of incompletely matured cells.

1995 • 48 citations

The Crucial Role of Human Dendritic Antigen-Presenting Cell Subsets in Nickel-Specific T-Cell Proliferation

1987 • 45 citations

Direct detection of HIV-1 RNA in epidermal Langerhans cells of HIV-infected patients.

1993 • 45 citations

Biochemical properties of MHC class II molecules endogenously synthesized and expressed by mouse Langerhans cells

1991 • 42 citations

Distribution of HLA class II molecules in epidermal Langerhans cells in situ

1995 • 42 citations

Fresh and cultured Langerhans cells display differential capacities to activate hapten-specific T cells.

1993 • 40 citations

Internalization and Acidification of Surface HLA-DR Molecules by Epidermal Langerhans Cells: A Paradigm for Antigen Processing

1990 • 39 citations

The mixed epidermal cell-lymphocyte reaction. I. Human epidermal cells elicit a greater allogeneic lymphocyte response than do autologous peripheral blood lymphoid cells.

1983 • 33 citations

Cultured Human Langerhans Cells Process and Present Intact Protein Antigens

1992 • 29 citations

Role of flanking variable sequences in antigenicity of consensus regions of HIV gp120 for recognition by specific human T helper clones

1993 • 24 citations

Inhibitory activity of HIV envelope gp120 dominates over its antigenicity for human T cells

1992 • 18 citations

Vacuolar Acidification and Bafilomycin-Sensitive Proton Translocating ATPase in Human Epidermal Langerhans Cells

1991 • 17 citations

Human CD4+ T Cells Can Discriminate the Molecular and Structural Context of T Epitopes of HIV gp120 and HIV p66

1995 • 16 citations

Functional Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-3 Is Expressed by Freshly Isolated Epidermal Langerhans Cells and Is Not Regulated During Culture

1995 • 10 citations

Spleen dendritic cells exhibit altered morphology and increased allostimulatory capacity after short‐term culture*

1992 • 6 citations