Gene Conversions Mediating Antigenic Variation in Trypanosoma brucei Can Occur in Variant Surface Glycoprotein Expression Sites Lacking 70-Base-Pair Repeat Sequences

Continuous Cultivation of Trypanosoma brucei Blood Stream Forms in a Medium Containing a Low Concentration of Serum Protein without Feeder Cell Layers

1989 • 982 citations

Identification, purification and properties of clone-specific glycoprotein antigens constituting the surface coat ofTrypanosoma brucei

1975 • 917 citations

INTRONS AS MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS

1993 • 618 citations

Meiosis-Induced Double-Strand Break Sites Determined by Yeast Chromatin Structure

1994 • 433 citations

Genetic recombination

1989 • 373 citations

Molecular basis for trypanosome antigenic variation

1982 • 369 citations

Antigenic variation in trypanosoma brucei analyzed by electrophoretic separation of chromosome-sized DNA molecules

1984 • 368 citations

Programmed Gene Rearrangements Altering Gene Expression

1987 • 312 citations

Inactivation of transcription by UV irradiation of T. brucei provides evidence for a multicistronic transcription unit including a VSG gene

1987 • 307 citations

Cell Type–Specific Chromatin Structure Determines the Targeting of V(D)J Recombinase Activity In Vitro

1996 • 305 citations

A common pyrimidine-rich motif governs trans-splicing and polyadenylation of tubulin polycistronic pre-mRNA in trypanosomes.

1994 • 269 citations

Activation of trypanosome surface glycoprotein genes involves a duplication-transposition leading to an altered 3′ end

1981 • 258 citations

The genes and transcripts of an antigen gene expression site from T. brucei

1989 • 257 citations

An analysis of cosmid clones of nuclear DNA fromTrypanosoma bruceishows that the genes for variant surface glycoproteins are clustered in the genome

1982 • 246 citations

Novel expression-linked copies of the genes for variant surface antigens in trypanosomes

1980 • 240 citations

Antigenic variation in trypansosomes: Secrets surface slowly

1996 • 225 citations

The anatomy and transcription of a telomeric expression site for variant-specific surface antigens in T. brucei

1987 • 218 citations

The promoter for a variant surface glycoprotein gene expression site in Trypanosoma brucei.

1990 • 214 citations

Antigenic variation in malaria

1995 • 184 citations

Targeted insertion of the neomycin phosphotransferase gene into the tubulin gene cluster of Trypanosoma brucei

1990 • 177 citations

Cultivation ofTrypanosoma bruceisspp. in semi-defined and defined media

1973 • 176 citations

Coordinate transcription of variant surface glycoprotein genes and an expression site associated gene family in Trypanosoma brucei

1985 • 171 citations

Gene conversion as a mechanism for antigenic variation in Trypanosomes

1983 • 167 citations

Genetic variation in pathogenic bacteria

1992 • 158 citations

A ribosomal DNA promoter replacing the promoter of a telomeric VSG gene expression site can be efficiently switched on and off in T. brucei

1995 • 145 citations

A developmentally regulated position effect at a telomeric locus in Trypanosoma brucei

1995 • 139 citations

The transposition unit of variant surface glycoprotein gene 118 of Trypanosoma brucei

1983 • 138 citations

High frequency of antigenic variation inTrypanosoma brucei rhodesienseinfections

1989 • 136 citations

Homologous Recombination and Stable Transfection in the Parasitic Protozoan Trypanosoma brucei

1990 • 135 citations

GENETIC CONTROLS FOR THE EXPRESSION OF SURFACE ANTIGENS IN AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMES

1994 • 129 citations

High-efficiency clonal growth of bloodstream- and insect-form Trypanosoma brucei on agarose plates.

1992 • 129 citations

Gene duplication and transposition linked to antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei.

1981 • 127 citations

Reconstitution of a surface transferrin binding complex in insect form Trypanosoma brucei.

1994 • 126 citations

AntigenicVariation in African Trypanosomes

1994 • 124 citations

Activation of the genes for variant surface glycoproteins 117 and 118 in Trypanosoma brucei

1983 • 113 citations

Two modes of activation of a single surface antigen gene of trypanosoma brucei

1984 • 110 citations

The 5′-limit of transposition and upstream barren region of a trypanosome VSG gene: tandem 76 base-pair repeats flanking (TAA)₉₀

1984 • 104 citations

Accurate polyadenylation of procyclin mRNAs in Trypanosoma brucei is determined by pyrimidine-rich elements in the intergenic regions.

1994 • 98 citations

Linear amplification sequencing, a powerful method for sequencing DNA

1991 • 97 citations

Stable integrative transformation of Trypanosoma brucei that occurs exclusively by homologous recombination.

1991 • 94 citations

Telomeric reciprocal recombination as a possible mechanism for antigenic variation in trypanosomes

1985 • 88 citations

DNA Rearrangements Associated with Multiple Consecutive Directed Antigenic Switches in Trypanosoma brucei

1996 • 86 citations

Antigenic Variation in Trypanosomes

1983 • 83 citations

Active late-appearing variable surface antigen genes in Trypanosoma equiperdum are constructed entirely from pseudogenes.

1989 • 82 citations

Telomere conversion in trypanosomes

1983 • 81 citations

Analysis of antigen switching rates inTrypanosoma brucei

1986 • 80 citations

The inactivation and reactivation of an expression-linked gene copy for a variant surface glycoprotein in Trypanosoma brucei.

1984 • 80 citations

Telomere exchange can be an important mechanism of Variant Surface Glycoprotein gene switching in Trypanosoma brucei

1996 • 70 citations

Antigenic diversity by the recombination of pseudogenes.

1989 • 66 citations

Trypanosome variable surface glycoproteins: composite genes and order of expression.

1990 • 65 citations

Antigenic variation in African trypanosomes

1992 • 63 citations

Trypanosome variant surface glycoprotein genes expressed early in infection

1985 • 62 citations

(TAA)_nwithin sequences flanking several intrachromosomal variant surface glycoprotein genes inTrypanosoma brucei

1985 • 58 citations

Structure and Transcription of a Telomeric Surface Antigen Gene of Trypanosoma brucei

1985 • 48 citations

Gene Conversion in Trypanosome Antigenic Variation

1985 • 45 citations

Pseudogenes, chimaeric genes and the timing of antigen variation in African trypanosomes

1989 • 45 citations

The 5′ flanking sequence of a Trypanosoma brucei variable surface glycoprotein gene

1987 • 45 citations

Targeting of exogenous DNA into Trypanosoma brucei requires a high degree of homology between donor and target DNA

1996 • 41 citations

The viral thymidine kinase gene as a tool for the study of mutagenesis in Trypanosoma brucei

1996 • 34 citations

Telomere interactions may condition the programming of antigen expression in Trypanosoma brucei.

1990 • 33 citations

Duplicative activation mechanisms of two trypanosome telomeric VSG genes with structurally simple 5′ flanks

1990 • 33 citations

Variant surface glycoprotein gene expression site switches in Trypanosoma brucei.

1986 • 30 citations

Antigenic variation in African trypanosomes: genetic recombination and transcriptional control of VSG genes.

1990 • 29 citations

Trypanosoma brucei variant-specific glycoprotein gene chromatin is sensitive to single-strand-specific endonuclease digestion

1987 • 28 citations

Transcription of a transposed trypanosome surface antigen gene starts upstream of the transposed segment.

1985 • 28 citations

Expression of a minichromosomal variant surface glycoprotein gene in Trypanosoma brucei

1985 • 26 citations

On the role of repeated sequences 5′ to variant surface glycoprotein genes in African trypanosomes

1987 • 21 citations

A novel telomeric gene conversion in Trypanosoma brucei

1989 • 12 citations

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