GENDER, RACIAL, ETHNIC, SEXUAL, AND CLASS IDENTITIES

Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment.

1992 • 18,576 citations

Identity, youth, and crisis

1968 • 13,355 citations

An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict

2000 • 12,116 citations

The History of Sexuality

1976 • 9,548 citations

Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self‐Categorization Theory

1987 • 7,950 citations

Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-Categorization Theory.

1989 • 7,327 citations

The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure

1992 • 3,641 citations

Identity—Youth and Crisis

1969 • 3,577 citations

Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research.

1990 • 3,253 citations

A Collective Self-Esteem Scale: Self-Evaluation of One's Social Identity

1992 • 2,934 citations

Symbolic Interactionism: A Social Structural Version

1980 • 2,385 citations

Psychological impact of biculturalism: Evidence and theory.

1993 • 2,141 citations

Homosexual Identity Formation:

1979 • 2,079 citations

Black and white racial identity: theory, research, and practice

1990 • 2,065 citations

Human Migration and the Marginal Man

1928 • 2,050 citations

Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple Consciousness: The Context of a Black Feminist Ideology

1988 • 1,626 citations

Shades of Black: Diversity in African-American identity

1994 • 1,595 citations

Stages of Ethnic Identity Development in Minority Group Adolescents

1989 • 1,414 citations

Constructing Ethnicity: Creating and Recreating Ethnic Identity and Culture

1994 • 1,226 citations

The lenses of gender: transforming the debate on sexual inequality

1993 • 1,191 citations

Putting gender into context: An interactive model of gender-related behavior.

1987 • 1,124 citations

Identities and interactions

1966 • 1,112 citations

Surpassing the Love of Men: Romantic Friendship and Love Between Women from the Renaissance to the Present

1981 • 1,111 citations

What Do We Know When We Know a Person?

1995 • 1,095 citations

Homosexualities : a study of diversity among men and women

1978 • 1,053 citations

Intimate matters: a history of sexuality in America

1988 • 1,016 citations

A cognitive-development analysis of children's sex-role concepts and attitudes

1966 • 1,009 citations

Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The Making of a Homosexual Minority in the United States, 1940-1970

1983 • 985 citations

The Formation of Homosexual Identities

1989 • 837 citations

The study of culture, ethnicity, and race in American psychology.

1993 • 804 citations

Counseling American Minorities: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

1993 • 749 citations

THE POWER IN DEMOGRAPHY: WOMEN'S SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF GENDER IDENTITY AT WORK.

1995 • 728 citations

Homosexual identity formation: Testing a theoretical model

1984 • 723 citations

Collective Self-Esteem and Psychological Well-Being among White, Black, and Asian College Students

1994 • 712 citations

Negotiating social identity when contexts change: Maintaining identification and responding to threat.

1994 • 695 citations

Childhood sex-typed behavior and sexual orientation: A conceptual analysis and quantitative review.

1995 • 693 citations

Identities and Interactions.

1967 • 687 citations

Human Diversity: Perspectives on People in Context

1994 • 670 citations

The marginal man : a study in personality and culture conflict

1961 • 629 citations

Homosexuality and American Psychiatry: The Politics of Diagnosis.

1982 • 621 citations

Ego Identity: A Handbook for Psychosocial Research

1993 • 619 citations

Finding Herself: Pathways to Identity Development in Women

1987 • 618 citations

Sexual Preference: Its Development in Men and Women.

1982 • 618 citations

Ethnic and Racial Identities of Second-Generation Black Immigrants in New York City

1994 • 597 citations

The Negro-to-Black Conversion Experience.

1971 • 555 citations

Ethnic identity in college students from four ethnic groups

1990 • 531 citations

The Measurement of Role Identity

1977 • 528 citations

Ethnic Identity and Self-Esteem: A Review and Integration

1991 • 497 citations

From Passive Acceptance to Active Commitment

1985 • 495 citations

Gender-related traits and gender ideology: Evidence for a multifactorial theory.

1993 • 491 citations

Reconstructing Social Identity

1993 • 476 citations

Revisioning Sexual Minority Identity Formation

1996 • 475 citations

The Sissy Boy Syndrome

1987 • 475 citations

Sexual Orientation:

1985 • 474 citations

The Self in Social Contexts

1994 • 474 citations

Ethnic identity and self‐esteem: an exploratory longitudinal study

1992 • 469 citations

Racially Mixed People in America

1994 • 449 citations

Black and White Racial Identity: Theory, Research, and Practice.

1991 • 447 citations

Androgens and the Evolution of Male-Gender Identity among Male Pseudohermaphrodites with 5α-Reductase Deficiency

1979 • 443 citations

Identity theory: Developments and extensions.

1987 • 441 citations

Women of Color: Integrating Ethnic and Gender Identities in Psychotherapy

1995 • 440 citations

The Biracial Identity Development Model: A Needed Addition

1990 • 423 citations

Ego Identity

1993 • 415 citations

Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men:

1984 • 410 citations

Identity Processes among Racial and Ethnic Minority Children in America

1990 • 409 citations

Family Ecologies of Ethnic Minority Children

2018 • 397 citations

Cycles of Psychological Nigrescence

1989 • 393 citations

The social psychology of minorities

1978 • 386 citations

Cultural Psychology: Who Needs It?

1993 • 385 citations

Psychological perspectives on lesbian and gay male experiences

1994 • 382 citations

Relating to Privilege: Seduction and Rejection in the Subordination of White Women and Women of Color

1989 • 377 citations

Asian-American cultural identity and attitudes toward mental health services.

1989 • 367 citations

Homosexuality and American psychiatry: The politics of diagnosis

1982 • 365 citations

Parameters of social identity.

1995 • 355 citations

Parental Role Strains, Salience of Parental Identity and Gender Differences in Psychological Distress

1992 • 348 citations

SERVING HAMBURGERS AND SELLING INSURANCE:

1991 • 343 citations

Identity and inner-city youth: beyond ethnicity and gender

1993 • 340 citations

Vice Versa: Bisexuality and the Eroticism of Everyday Life

1996 • 338 citations

Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research.

1990 • 336 citations

Dual Attraction: Understanding Bisexuality.

1995 • 333 citations

Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America

1989 • 329 citations

Identity politics: Challenges to psychology's understanding.

1993 • 324 citations

Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identities over the LifespanPsychological Perspectives

1995 • 313 citations

“COMING OUT” IN THE AGE OF SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONISM:

1993 • 308 citations

The Measurement of Role Identity

1977 • 298 citations

Family Ecologies of Ethnic Minority Children

1990 • 292 citations

Inferring Properties from Categories versus Inferring Categories from Properties: The Case of Gender

1986 • 290 citations

Developmental Issues and Their Resolution for Gay and Lesbian Adolescents

1987 • 284 citations

The Lenses of Gender: Transforming the Debate on Sexual Inequality

1993 • 276 citations

Influence of gender constancy and social power on sex-linked modeling.

1984 • 261 citations

Women's Studies: A Study of Feminist Identity Development in Women

1991 • 255 citations

Identity Processes among Racial and Ethnic Minority Children in America

1990 • 236 citations

Gay Identity Issues Among Black Americans: Racism, Homophobia, and the Need for Validation

1989 • 235 citations

Heterosexual bias in psychological research on lesbianism and male homosexuality.

1977 • 232 citations

Immigration and Ethnic and Racial Inequality in the United States

1995 • 232 citations

Dual Attraction

1994 • 224 citations

Methodological issues in assessment research with ethnic minorities.

1995 • 220 citations

Minority Identity and Self-Esteem

1993 • 219 citations

Properties of gender identity and their implications for gender consciousness

1986 • 217 citations

Family Socialization and the Ethnic Identity of Mexican-American Children

1993 • 216 citations

Transitions from heterosexuality to lesbianism: The discursive production of lesbian identities.

1995 • 215 citations

Biphobia: It goes more than two ways.

1996 • 206 citations

White Racial Identity Models

1994 • 201 citations

Some dubious premises in research and theory on racial differences: Scientific, social, and ethical issues.

1990 • 200 citations

Constructing Ethnicity: Creating and Recreating Ethnic Identity and Culture

1994 • 196 citations

Predicting Self‐Esteem, Well‐Being, and Distress in a Cohort of Gay Men: The Importance of Cultural Stigma, Personal Visibility, Community Networks, and Positive Identity

1997 • 194 citations

Stigma management and gay identity development.

1991 • 186 citations

The social organization of gay males

2004 • 180 citations

A Critical Examination of Stage Theories of Lesbian Identity Development

1986 • 179 citations

Socialization to Race and Its Relationship to Racial Identification among African Americans

1994 • 179 citations

Identity-Relevant Events and Psychological Symptoms: A Cautionary Tale

1995 • 178 citations

Needed Concepts in the Study of Gender Identity

1982 • 178 citations

Psychological impact of biculturalism: Evidence and theory.

1993 • 176 citations

Identity Development and Worldview: Toward an Optimal Conceptualization

1991 • 173 citations

Acculturation and human diversity in a multicultural society.

1994 • 172 citations

The Development of Ethnic Identity in Mexican-American Children

1990 • 171 citations

Genital Knowledge and Gender Constancy in Preschool Children

1989 • 170 citations

Sex/Gender and the Individual

1998 • 165 citations

(Be)Coming Out: Lesbian Identity and Politics

1993 • 162 citations

Children's ethnic socialization

1988 • 160 citations

Relationship of Gender, Self-Esteem, Social Class, and Racial Identity to Depression in Blacks

1994 • 160 citations

Individual Differences in the Coming Out Process for Gay Men:

1982 • 157 citations

Racial Identity Attitudes and Psychological Functioning

1991 • 156 citations

The Gay Identity Questionnaire:

1994 • 154 citations

The development of gender differentiation in young children

1994 • 153 citations

New Voices, New Visions: Toward A Lesbian/Gay Paradigm for Psychology

1989 • 153 citations

Gender identity and its implications for the concepts of masculinity and femininity.

1984 • 152 citations

Perceived social support in gays and lesbians in cohabitating relationships.

1988 • 152 citations

Cognitive Aspects of Early Sex-Role Development: The Influence of Gender Schemas on Preschoolers' Memories and Preferences for Sex-Typed Toys and Activities

1988 • 150 citations

Addressing psychology's problem with race.

1993 • 147 citations

Lesbian Women of Color

1996 • 147 citations

The Concept of gender identity disorder in childhood and adolescence after 39 years

1994 • 147 citations

Gender labeling, gender stereotyping, and parenting behaviors.

1992 • 145 citations

Ethnic Minority Families and Minority Gays and Lesbians

1989 • 140 citations

Proposed Model of Lesbian Identity Development:

1987 • 140 citations

Do “Womanist” Identity Attitudes Influence College Women's Self‐Esteem and Perceptions of Environmental Bias?

1992 • 136 citations

Racial Consciousness Development Among White Counselor Trainees: A Stage Model

1988 • 133 citations

Ethnic Identity Search and Commitment in Black and White Eighth Graders

1988 • 133 citations

Relationship of racial identity and gender-role attitudes to Black women's psychological well-being.

1991 • 130 citations

The conceptualization of racial identity and other "racial" constructs.

1994 • 128 citations

Homosexual Identity: Coming Out and Other Developmental Events

1991 • 127 citations

Gender labeling and the adoption of sex-typed behaviors.

1986 • 125 citations

Assessment of Sexual Orientation

1987 • 123 citations

The Young Child's Gender Schema: Environmental Input, Internal Organization

1989 • 121 citations

Social Identities -- A Framework for Studying the Adaptations of Immigrants and Ethnics: The Adaptations of Mexicans in the United States

1994 • 119 citations

ASSESSING AND UNDERSTANDING BICULTURALISM-MULTICULTURALISM IN MEXICAN-AMERICAN ADULTS

1984 • 114 citations

Children's ethnic socialization

1987 • 110 citations

PROCESSES OF ASIAN AMERICAN IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY OF JAPANESE AMERICAN WOMEN'S PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR STRUGGLE TO ACHIEVE POSITIVE IDENTITIES AS AMERICANS OF ASIAN ANCESTRY

1981 • 109 citations

A Gender Identity Interview for Children

1993 • 108 citations

Considering Some Methodological Issues in Racial Identity Counseling Research

1989 • 107 citations

Psychological Adjustment of Lesbians and Gay Men

1989 • 105 citations

"I only read about myself on bathroom walls": The need for research on the mental health of lesbians and gay men.

1994 • 103 citations

Women or feminists? Assessing women's group consciousness

1994 • 103 citations

Androgens and the Evolution of Male-Gender Identity among Male Pseudohermaphrodites with 5α-Reductase Deficiency

1979 • 102 citations

Introduction:

1989 • 102 citations

Numerical distinctiveness, social identity and gender salience

1990 • 101 citations

Gay Male Identities: Concepts and Issues

1995 • 100 citations

The Mirror Dance: Identity in a Women's Community.

1984 • 99 citations

Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The Making of a Homosexual Minority in the United States, 1940-1970

1983 • 99 citations

Lesbian Identities: Concepts and Issues

1995 • 97 citations

Ethnic Identity: The Domain of Perceptions of and Attachment to Ethnic Groups and Cultures

1992 • 97 citations

Construct validity study of the Racial Identity Attitude Scale.

1987 • 95 citations

The Mirror Dance: Identity in a Women's Community.

1985 • 94 citations

The Socialization of Cooperative, Competitive, and Individualistic Preferences Among Mexican American Children: The Mediating Role of Ethnic Identity

1993 • 93 citations

Adolescents' reference-group choices, self-esteem, and adjustment.

1990 • 91 citations

Sex typing and gender ideology: Two facets of the individual's gender psychology that go together.

1989 • 91 citations

Sexual identity, monozygotic twins reared in discordant sex roles and a BBC follow-up

1982 • 88 citations

Birth order and sibling sex ratio in homosexual male adolescents and probably prehomosexual feminine boys.

1995 • 87 citations

Issues of Sexual Identity in an Ethnic Minority: The Case of Chinese American Lesbians, Gay Men, and Bisexual People

1995 • 81 citations

Identity in three cohorts of midlife women.

1995 • 81 citations

The implications of homosexual identity formation for the Kinsey model and scale of sexual preference.

1990 • 79 citations

Acquisition of gender labels: A test for toddlers

1986 • 77 citations

Sexual orientation and human development: An overview.

1995 • 77 citations

Gender schema, gender constancy, and gender-role knowledge: The roles of cognitive factors in preschoolers' gender-role stereotype attributions.

1989 • 74 citations

Putting gender into context: An interactive model of gender-related behavior.

1987 • 73 citations

GENDER SALIENCE AND SOCIAL IDENTITY: THE IMPACT OF SEX OF SIBLINGS ON EDUCATIONAL AND OCCUPATIONAL ASPIRATIONS

1985 • 73 citations

The relationship between life events and mental health in homosexual men

1990 • 72 citations

Bisexual Identities

1995 • 69 citations

Differential Influences of Gender Schemata and Gender Constancy on Children's Information Processing and Behavior

1989 • 67 citations

Social Class, Social Change, and Gender

1993 • 66 citations

Development of gender role knowledge and gender constancy

1987 • 63 citations

Negotiating social identity when contexts change: Maintaining identification and responding to threat.

1994 • 63 citations

Gay ging

1980 • 62 citations

Sociological Research on Male and Female Homosexuality

1988 • 60 citations

The "new gay" lesbians.

1984 • 60 citations

Lesbian and gay male group identity attitudes and self-esteem: Implications for counseling.

1993 • 59 citations

A Psychology of the Americas

1983 • 58 citations

Measuring feminine gender identity in homosexual males

1974 • 56 citations

A Multifactorial Approach to the Study of Gender Characteristics

1995 • 55 citations

Relations of conceptions of gender-role transgressions and gender constancy to gender-typed toy preferences.

1993 • 54 citations

Notes on the Management of Difference

1986 • 54 citations

Gender Identity: Development and Consequences

1986 • 54 citations

Personality Correlates of Positive Identity and Relationship Involvement in Gay Men

1987 • 50 citations

Gender-related traits and gender ideology: Evidence for a multifactorial theory.

1993 • 50 citations

Gender constancy: A methodological and theoretical analysis

1983 • 49 citations

Hungry for an Us: Adolescent Girls and Adult Women Negotiating Territories of Race, Gender, Class and Difference

1995 • 49 citations

Interaction of sex role self-concept with relationship quality and relationship beliefs in married, heterosexual cohabiting, gay, and lesbian couples.

1986 • 48 citations

Physical attractiveness of boys with gender identity disorder

1993 • 48 citations

Mistaken Gender: 5‐Alpha Reductase Hermaphroditism and Biological Reductionism in Sexual Identity Reconsidered

1990 • 47 citations

Measuring masculine gender identity in females.

1983 • 46 citations

Women-Identified Women

1987 • 46 citations

Gender constancy and the "cost" of sex-typed behavior: A test of the conflict hypothesis.

1992 • 42 citations

Gender Identity: Some Thoughts on an Old Concept

1985 • 40 citations

The role of gender identity and gender constancy in sex-differentiated development

1990 • 38 citations

`Race', Racism, and Sexuality in the Life Narratives of Immigrant Women

1995 • 38 citations

Our Politics and Choices: The Feminist Movement and Sexual Orientation

1994 • 36 citations

Removing the stigma: Fifteen years of progress.

1991 • 35 citations

Asynchronous Development of Gender Understanding in Preschool Children

1981 • 35 citations

Parameters of social identity.

1995 • 34 citations

Racial Identity and Career Assessment

1994 • 33 citations

The effect of feminist identity level on gender prejudice toward artists' illustrations

1990 • 33 citations

Childhood sex-typed behavior and sexual orientation: A conceptual analysis and quantitative review.

1995 • 33 citations

Asynchronous Development of Gender Understanding in Preschool Children

1981 • 32 citations

Closer to home : bisexuality & feminism

1992 • 28 citations

The ”New Gay” Lesbians

1985 • 27 citations

Expanding Directions for Racial Identity Research

1989 • 25 citations

Asian-American cultural identity and attitudes toward mental health services.

1989 • 25 citations

Is there coherence among the cognitive components of gender acquisition?

1991 • 24 citations

Cognitive factors in the development of sex-typed preferences

1984 • 23 citations

IRRECONCILABLE DIFFERENCES:

1990 • 18 citations

Identity politics: Challenges to psychology's understanding.

1993 • 18 citations

Sex typing: Construct and measurement issues

1988 • 18 citations

Masculine or feminine gender identity in boys: Developmental differences between two diverse family groups

1985 • 15 citations

Social Identities -- A Framework for Studying the Adaptations of Immigrants and Ethnics: The Adaptations of Mexicans in the United States

1994 • 14 citations

Birth order and sibling sex ratio in homosexual male adolescents and probably prehomosexual feminine boys.

1995 • 13 citations

Relationship of racial identity and gender-role attitudes to Black women's psychological well-being.

1991 • 12 citations

Gender schema, gender constancy, and gender-role knowledge: The roles of cognitive factors in preschoolers' gender-role stereotype attributions.

1989 • 12 citations

Sexual orientation and human development: An overview.

1995 • 11 citations

Gender labeling, gender stereotyping, and parenting behaviors.

1992 • 11 citations

Persistence and Change in the Berdache Tradition Among Contemporary Lakota Indians

1986 • 11 citations

8. On the Inadequacy of Our Sexual Categories: A Personal Perspective

1992 • 9 citations

Gender labeling and the adoption of sex-typed behaviors.

1986 • 9 citations

Transitions from heterosexuality to lesbianism: The discursive production of lesbian identities.

1995 • 6 citations

Construct validity study of the Racial Identity Attitude Scale.

1987 • 5 citations

Removing the stigma: Fifteen years of progress.

1991 • 5 citations

Gender constancy and the "cost" of sex-typed behavior: A test of the conflict hypothesis.

1992 • 5 citations

Addressing psychology's problem with race.

1993 • 4 citations

Lesbian and gay male group identity attitudes and self-esteem: Implications for counseling.

1993 • 2 citations

Relations of conceptions of gender-role transgressions and gender constancy to gender-typed toy preferences.

1993 • 2 citations

The corporate closet: Managing gay identity on the job

1992 • 1 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations