The Polymerase Chain Reaction

Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis

1975 • 33,059 citations

Primer-Directed Enzymatic Amplification of DNA with a Thermostable DNA Polymerase

1988 • 17,059 citations

PCR protocols — A guide to methods and applications

1990 • 12,897 citations

Enzymatic Amplification of β-Globin Genomic Sequences and Restriction Site Analysis for Diagnosis of Sickle Cell Anemia

1985 • 9,128 citations

Genomic sequencing.

1984 • 8,343 citations

Site-directed mutagenesis by overlap extension using the polymerase chain reaction

1989 • 7,496 citations

[21] Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase-catalyzed chain reaction

1987 • 5,745 citations

Rapid production of full-length cDNAs from rare transcripts: amplification using a single gene-specific oligonucleotide primer.

1988 • 4,669 citations

Avoiding false positives with PCR

1989 • 3,564 citations

Specific Enzymatic Amplification of DNA In Vitro: The Polymerase Chain Reaction

1986 • 3,400 citations

Engineering hybrid genes without the use of restriction enzymes: gene splicing by overlap extension

1989 • 3,067 citations

Equilibria and kinetics of lac repressor-operator interactions by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

1981 • 2,828 citations

Analysis of any point mutation in DNA. The amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)

1989 • 2,480 citations

A general method ofin vitropreparation and specific mutagenesis of DNA fragments: study of protein and DNA interactions

1988 • 2,410 citations

Most human carcinomas of the exocrine pancreas contain mutant c-K-ras genes

1988 • 2,121 citations

HLA-DQβ gene contributes to susceptibility and resistance to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

1987 • 2,045 citations

A gel electrophoresis method for quantifying the binding of proteins to specific DNA regions: application to components of the Escherichia coli lactose operon regulatory system

1981 • 1,991 citations

Genetic applications of an inverse polymerase chain reaction.

1988 • 1,867 citations

Analysis of enzymatically amplified β-globin and HLA-DQα DNA with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes

1986 • 1,863 citations

Generation of single-stranded DNA by the polymerase chain reaction and its application to direct sequencing of the HLA-DQA locus.

1988 • 1,582 citations

Wound Macrophages Express TGF-α and Other Growth Factors in Vivo: Analysis by mRNA Phenotyping

1988 • 1,107 citations

A novel form of tissue-specific RNA processing produces apolipoprotein-B48 in intestine

1987 • 1,021 citations

In Vivo Footprinting of a Muscle Specific Enhancer by Ligation Mediated PCR

1989 • 972 citations

DNA fragments differing by single base-pair substitutions are separated in denaturing gradient gels: correspondence with melting theory.

1983 • 895 citations

Novel non-templated nucleotide addition reactions catalyzed by procaryotic and eucaryotic DNA polymerases

1988 • 847 citations

Fidelity of DNA synthesis by the Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase

1988 • 814 citations

A procedure forin vitroamplification of DNA segments that lie outside the boundaries of known sequences

1988 • 814 citations

DNA sequencing with Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase and direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA.

1988 • 775 citations

Direct Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Enzymatically Amplified Genomic Sequences

1986 • 766 citations

Diagnosis of chronic myeloid and acute lymphocytic leukemias by detection of leukemia-specific mRNA sequences amplified in vitro.

1988 • 741 citations

Transcription of the dystrophin gene in human muscle and non-muscle tissues

1988 • 733 citations

Monocytes are a major site of persistence of human cytomegalovirus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

1991 • 706 citations

PCR Technology: Principles and Applications for DNA Amplification

1989 • 689 citations

Developmental Expression of PDGF, TGF-α, and TGF-β Genes in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos

1988 • 688 citations

Amplification and analysis of DNA sequences in single human sperm and diploid cells

1988 • 685 citations

[9] Gel electrophoresis of restriction fragments

1979 • 653 citations

Selective Amplification And Cloning Of Four New Members Of The G Protein-coupled Receptor Family

1989 • 647 citations

Polymerase Chain Reaction with Single-Sided Specificity: Analysis of T Cell Receptor δ Chain

1989 • 640 citations

Allele-specific enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic DNA for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia.

1989 • 637 citations

KRAS codon 12 mutations occur very frequently in pancreatic adenocarcinomas

1988 • 620 citations

A simple method for site-directed mutagenesis using the polymerase chain reaction

1989 • 607 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals contain provirus in small numbers of peripheral mononuclear cells and at low copy numbers

1990 • 605 citations

Fidelity of DNA Synthesis

1982 • 516 citations

Characterization of β-thalassaemia mutations using direct genomic sequencing of amplified single copy DNA

1987 • 514 citations

PCR Technology: Principles and Applications for DNA Amplification

1990 • 512 citations

Amplification of human minisatellites by the polymerase chain reaction: towards DNA fingerprinting of single cells

1988 • 503 citations

AMPLIFICATION OF RNA

1990 • 486 citations

Ancient DNA and the polymerase chain reaction

1989 • 461 citations

SAMPLE PREPARATION FROM BLOOD, CELLS, AND OTHER FLUIDS

1990 • 427 citations

Two putative protein-tyrosine kinases identified by application of the polymerase chain reaction.

1989 • 413 citations

Length mutations in human mitochondrial DNA: direct sequencing of enzymatically amplified DNA

1987 • 381 citations

Isolation, Characterization, and Expression in Escherichia coli of the DNA Polymerase Gene from Thermus aquaticus

1989 • 370 citations

Cloning defined regions of the human genome by microdissection of banded chromosomes and enzymatic amplification

1989 • 337 citations

Generation of cDNA Probes Directed by Amino Acid Sequence: Cloning of Urate Oxidase

1988 • 325 citations

Genomic Amplification with Transcript Sequencing

1988 • 324 citations

SIMPLE NON-INVASIVE METHOD TO OBTAIN DNA FOR GENE ANALYSIS

1988 • 321 citations

Tissue extraction of DNA and RNA and analysis by the polymerase chain reaction.

1990 • 289 citations

PCR-based cDNA library construction: general cDNA libraries at the level of a few cells

1989 • 285 citations

Construction of mutant and chimeric genes using the polymerase chain reaction

1989 • 224 citations

The Polymerase Chain Reaction

1995 • 200 citations

Single-sperm typing: determination of genetic distance between the G gamma-globin and parathyroid hormone loci by using the polymerase chain reaction and allele-specific oligomers.

1989 • 195 citations

Detection of Gene Expression

1989 • 192 citations

Analysis of DNA sequences in forty-year-old paraffin-embedded thin-tissue sections: a bridge between molecular biology and classical histology.

1988 • 190 citations

Whole genome PCR: application to the identification of sequences bound by gene regulatory protein

1989 • 187 citations

Novel use of polymerase chain reaction to amplify cellular DNA adjacent to an integrated provirus

1989 • 186 citations

Detection of single DNA base differences by competitive oligonucleotide priming

1989 • 178 citations

Automated polymerase chain reaction in capillary tubes with hot air

1989 • 176 citations

DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction

1990 • 168 citations

A G Protein γ Subunit Shares Homology with ras Proteins

1989 • 153 citations

Errors in the Polymerase Chain Reaction

1988 • 153 citations

Direct sequencing of enzymatically amplified human genomic DNA.

1988 • 141 citations

Use of the DNA polymerase chain reaction for homology probing: isolation of partial cDNA or genomic clones encoding the iron-sulfur protein of succinate dehydrogenase from several species.

1989 • 136 citations

Detection of ras point mutations by polymerase chain reaction using mutation-specific, inosine-containing oligonucleotide primers

1989 • 127 citations

Identification of genes from pattern formation, tyrosine kinase, and potassium channel families by DNA amplification.

1989 • 123 citations

Detection of multiple, novel reverse transcriptase coding sequences in human nucleic acids: relation to primate retroviruses

1989 • 120 citations

Polymerase chain reaction: replication errors and reliability of gene diagnosis

1989 • 112 citations

A sensitive method for the identification of uncharacterized viruses related to known virus groups: hepadnavirus model system.

1988 • 95 citations

Direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction amplified DNA fragments through the incorporation of deoxynucleoside α-thiotriphosphates

1988 • 77 citations

Recent Advances in the Development of Methods for Detecting Single-base Substitutions Associated with Human Genetic Diseases

1986 • 62 citations

A novel ochre mutation in the β-thalassemia gene of a Thai

1989 • 59 citations

Inverse Polymerase Chain Reaction

1989 • 37 citations

Using the polymerase chain reaction to modify expression plasmids for epitope mapping

1989 • 30 citations

A simple and low cost DNA amplifier

1988 • 24 citations

DNA AmplificationIn VitroUsing T4 DNA Polymerase

1988 • 24 citations

Polymerase chain reaction automated at low cost

1988 • 22 citations