The pathophysiology of extrapyramidal side-effects of neuroleptic drugs

Multiple receptors for dopamine

1979 • 3,739 citations

Brain dopamine and the syndromes of Parkinson and Huntington Clinical, morphological and neurochemical correlations

1973 • 2,615 citations

Effect of Chlorpromazine or Haloperidol on Formation of 3‐Methoxytyramine and Normetanephrine in Mouse Brain

1963 • 2,148 citations

Verteilung Von Noradrenalin Und Dopamin (3-Hydroxytyramin) Im Gehirn Des Menschen Und Ihr Verhalten Bei Erkrankungen Des Extrapyramidalen Systems

1960 • 1,863 citations

Aromatic Amino Acids and Modification of Parkinsonism

1967 • 1,464 citations

Dopaminergic neurons: effect of antipsychotic drugs and amphetamine on single cell activity.

1973 • 1,272 citations

Dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in caudate nucleus of rat brain, and its similarity to the “dopamine receptor”

1972 • 1,022 citations

Antischizophrenic Drugs: Chronic Treatment Elevates Dopamine Receptor Binding in Brain

1977 • 1,017 citations

PRE AND POSTSYNAPTIC RECEPTORS

1976 • 778 citations

A Survey of Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Reactions

1961 • 756 citations

A study of supersensitivity in denervated mammalian skeletal muscle

1959 • 737 citations

Brain receptors for antipsychotic drugs and dopamine: direct binding assays.

1975 • 695 citations

Psychiatric Aspects of Neurologic Disease

1976 • 674 citations

Simultaneous measurement of tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylase activities in brain in Vivo using an inhibitor of the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase

1972 • 649 citations

Self-inhibition by Dopaminergic Neurons

1975 • 645 citations

Release of dopamine from dendrites in rat substantia nigra

1976 • 644 citations

Dopamine ?Autoreceptors?: Pharmacological characterization by microiontophoretic single cell recording studies

1977 • 544 citations

Drug and Sociotherapy in the Aftercare of Schizophrenic Patients

1974 • 534 citations

[The L-3,4-dioxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-effect in Parkinson-akinesia].

1961 • 515 citations

The Pharmacology of Tardive Dyskinesias

1973 • 512 citations

Mesencephalic dopamine neurons projecting to neocortex

1974 • 503 citations

Dopaminergic Terminals in the Rat Cortex

1973 • 502 citations

The significance of dopamine-receptor blockade for the mechanism of action of neuroleptic drugs.

1966 • 496 citations

Properties of [3H]haloperidol and [3H]dopamine binding associated with dopamine receptors in calf brain membranes.

1976 • 480 citations

Catecholamines: Basic and clinical frontiers

1981 • 458 citations

Drug‐Induced Changes in the Release of ³H‐Monoamines from Field Stimulated Rat Brain Slices

1971 • 453 citations

Behavioural supersensitivity to apomorphine following chronic treatment with drugs which interfere with the synaptic function of catecholamines

1974 • 451 citations

Dopamine-Sensitive Adenylate Cyclase in Mammalian Brain: A Possible Site of Action of Antipsychotic Drugs

1974 • 450 citations

Evidence for dopamine receptors mediating sedation in the mouse brain

1976 • 421 citations

Supersensitivity and subsensitivity to sympathomimetic amines.

1963 • 412 citations

Excitation-mediating and inhibition-mediating dopamine-receptors: A new concept towards a better understanding of electrophysiological, biochemical, pharmacological, functional and clinical data

1976 • 368 citations

IS IT POSSIBLE TO PREDICT THE CLINICAL EFFECTS OF NEUROLEPTIC DRUGS (MAJOR TRANQUILLIZERS) FROM ANIMAL DATA?I. "NEUROLEPTIC ACTIVITY SPECTRA" FOR RATS.

1965 • 348 citations

Trial of Maintenance Therapy in Schizophrenia

1971 • 344 citations

The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease: a new hypothesis.

1962 • 337 citations

Phenothiazine Treatment in Acute Schizophrenia

1964 • 321 citations

Release of dopamine in vivo from cat substantia nigra

1977 • 318 citations

Bromocriptine in Parkinsonism

1974 • 311 citations

Brain neurotransmitter receptors after long-term haloperidol: Dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, α-noradrenergic and naloxone receptors

1977 • 304 citations

PHENOTHIAZINE TREATMENT IN ACUTE SCHIZOPHRENIA; EFFECTIVENESS: THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY SERVICE CENTER COLLABORATIVE STUDY GROUP.

1964 • 303 citations

Effect of Reserpine on the Storage of Catechol Amines in Brain and Other Tissues

1961 • 300 citations

Histochemical confirmation for dopaminergic innervation of the rat cerebral cortex after destruction of the noradrenergic ascending pathways

1974 • 278 citations

Frontiers in neurology and neuroscience research

1973 • 263 citations

Outpatient Maintenance of Chronic Schizophrenic Patients with Long-acting Fluphenazine: Double-blind Placebo

1973 • 262 citations

Attenuation of dopamine renal and mesenteric vasodilation by haloperidol: evidence for a specific dopamine receptor.

1969 • 261 citations

Tolerance phenomena with neuroleptics catalepsy, apomorphine stereotypies and striatal dopamine metabolism in the rat after single and repeated administration of loxapine and haloperidol

1973 • 256 citations

Relationship between the locomotor hyperactivity induced by A10 lesions and the destruction of the frontocortical dopaminergic innervation in the rat

1978 • 253 citations

Dopaminergic hypersensitivity and cholinergic hypofunction in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia

1974 • 245 citations

Regulation of monoamine metabolism in the central nervous system.

1972 • 241 citations

[Therapeutic use in psychiatry of phenothiazine of central elective action (4560 RP)].

1952 • 240 citations

Tardive Dyskinesia in Patients Treated with Major Neuroleptics: A Review of the Literature

1968 • 235 citations

Dopamine turnover in the corpus striatum and the limbic system after treatment with neuroleptic and anti-acetylcholine drugs

1972 • 235 citations

Dopamine receptors: Selective agonists and antagonists of functionally distinct types within the feline brain

1976 • 234 citations

Adrenergic Mechanisms

1969 • 228 citations

Reversible and irreversible dyskinesia after treatment with perphenazine, chlorpromazine, reserpine and electroconvulsive therapy

1960 • 228 citations

Effect of drugs used in psychoses on cerebral dopamine metabolism

1970 • 226 citations

Persistent Dyskinesia

1973 • 222 citations

Long-term changes in the sensitivity of pre- and postsynaptic dopamine receptors in mouse striatum evidenced by behavioural and biochemical studies

1977 • 216 citations

Differential regional development of tolerance to increase in dopamine turnover upon repeated neuroleptic administration

1977 • 212 citations

Interaction between cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurones in rat brain

1972 • 208 citations

Intranigral kainic acid: Evidence for nigral non-dopaminergic neurons controlling posture and behavior in a manner opposite to the dopaminergic ones

1978 • 207 citations

MODIFICATION BY DRUGS OF THE METABOLISM OF 3,4‐DIHYDROXYPHENYLETHYLAMINE, NORADRENALINE AND 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE IN THE BRAIN

1965 • 200 citations

Effect of cholinergic and anticholinergic agents on tardive dyskinesia

1974 • 188 citations

Nicotinic effect of acetylcholine on the release of newly synthesized [3H]dopamine in rat striatal slices and cat caudate nucleus

1976 • 180 citations

Pharmaco-histochemical evidence of the existence of dopamine nerve terminals in the limbic cortex

1974 • 173 citations

Storage and synthesis of norepinephrine in the reserpine-treated rat brain.

1966 • 164 citations

Biochemical evidence for the presence of presynaptic receptors on dopaminergic nerve terminals

1978 • 164 citations

Increased sensitivity to dopaminergic agents after chronic neuroleptic treatment.

1975 • 161 citations

Feedback loop or output pathway in striato-nigral fibres?

1977 • 160 citations

Comparison of the effects of neuroleptic drugs on pre- and postsynaptic dopaminergic mechanisms in the rat striatum.

1976 • 160 citations

Changes in dopamine-mediated behaviour during one year's neuroleptic administration

1979 • 160 citations

Does dopamine play a role in schizophrenia?

1977 • 160 citations

L-Dopa and Parkinsonism.

1971 • 157 citations

Physiological disposition and fate of chlorpromazine and a method for its estimation in biological material.

1956 • 154 citations

d -Amphetamine-Induced Inhibition of Central Dopaminergic Neurons: Mediation by a Striato-Nigral Feedback Pathway

1976 • 153 citations

Localization of Nigral Dopamine-Sensitive Adenylate Cyclase on Neurons Originating from the Corpus Striatum

1977 • 147 citations

Effect of thioridazine, clozapine and other antipsychotics on the kinetic state of tyrosine hydroxylase and on the turnover rate of dopamine in striatum and nucleus accumbens.

1975 • 145 citations

Physiologic and clinical effects of chlorpromazine and their relationship to plasma level

1972 • 142 citations

Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia

1972 • 140 citations

Pharmacologically Induced Behavioural Supersensitivity to Apomorphine

1973 • 136 citations

On the supersensitivity of dopamine receptors, induced by neuroleptics

1976 • 135 citations

Striatal dopamine receptors become supersensitive while rats are given trifluoperazine for six months

1979 • 125 citations

The effect of surgical lesions to frontal cortex and substantia nigra on amphetamine responses in rats

1971 • 123 citations

The pharmacology of extrapyramidal movement disorders.

1973 • 122 citations

Antipsychotic Drugs

1977 • 121 citations

Haloperidol-induced tardive dyskinesia in monkeys

1976 • 117 citations

Further studies on the accumulation and disappearance of catecholamines formed from tyrosine-14C in mouse brain. Effect of some phenothiazine analogues

1970 • 115 citations

Paradoxical response to dopamine agonists in tardive dyskinesia

1977 • 112 citations

Behavioral evidence for supersensitivity after chronic administration of haloperidol, clozapine, and thioridazine

1976 • 111 citations

Postsynaptic receptors are not essential for dopaminergic feedback regulation

1977 • 110 citations

Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia

1972 • 110 citations

The dopamine-releasing actions of neuroleptics and ethanol.

1974 • 107 citations

Drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders.

1972 • 106 citations

Effects of dopamine agonists in tardive dyskinesia

1977 • 94 citations

Interactions of orphenadrine and phenobarbitone with chlorpromazine: plasma concentrations and effects in man.

1975 • 92 citations

Time course of the development of supersensitivity to various amines in the nictitating membrane of the pithed cat after denervation or decentralization.

1967 • 90 citations

Participation of an endogenous Ca++-blinding protein activator in the development of drug-induced supersensitivity of striatal dopamine receptors.

1977 • 88 citations

[4 Cases of facio-bucco-linguo-masticatory dyskinesis of prolonged development following treatment with neuroleptics].

1959 • 84 citations

Dopamine neurons: role of impulse flow and presynaptic receptors in the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase.

1975 • 81 citations

Antagonism by haloperidol of locomotor depression induced by small doses of apomorphine

1977 • 80 citations

Amphetamine-induced release of dopamine from the substantia nigra

1976 • 73 citations

Parkinsonism induced by dopaminergic antagonists.

1975 • 73 citations

The tardive dyskinesia syndrome.

1978 • 73 citations

Urine Color Test for the Detection of Phenothiazine Compounds

1960 • 72 citations

PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS AND DYSFUNCTIONS OF THE BASAL GANGLIA

1971 • 71 citations

Adrenergic Effect of Chronic Administration of Neuroleptics

1967 • 70 citations

Dystonic reactions following neuroleptics: Time Course and proposed mechanisms

1976 • 67 citations

Acceleration of turnover of14C-catecholamines in rat brain by chlorpromazine

1968 • 67 citations

Neuroleptic antagonism of dyskinetic phenomena

1975 • 66 citations

Epidemiology of tardive dyskinesia Part I.

1976 • 63 citations

The relationship between parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia

1977 • 63 citations

[Extrapyramidal and diencephalic syndrome in the course of largactil and serpasil treatments].

1954 • 55 citations

Movement disorders induced in monkeys by chronic haloperidol treatment

1977 • 54 citations

Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy in Chronic Schizophrenia

1968 • 50 citations

Localization of dopamine receptors in rat brain

1979 • 50 citations

Single and repeated administration of neuroleptic drugs to rats: Effects on striatal dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase and locomotor activity produced by tranylcypromine and L-tryptophan or L-dopa

1976 • 48 citations

The onset of denervation supersensitivity.

1966 • 47 citations

Modification of Tardive Dyskinesia and Spasmodic Torticollis by Apomorphine

1978 • 45 citations

Pharmacokinetics of Red Blood Cell Phenothiazine and Clinical Effects

1976 • 44 citations

Clinical Neuropharmacology

1977 • 44 citations

On the coexistence of parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia.

1974 • 43 citations

ACUTE DYSTONIA AS AN IDIOSYNCRATIC RESPONSE TO NEUROLEPTICS IN BABOONS

1977 • 42 citations

Relationship between tardive dyskinesia, l-Dopa-induced hyperkinesia and parkinsonism

1977 • 40 citations

Striatal adenylate cyclase activity following reserpine and chronic chlorpromazine administration in rats

1975 • 39 citations

Action of L-Dopa in drug induced extrapyramidalism.

1970 • 39 citations

Effects of small doses of haloperidol on timing behaviour

1971 • 37 citations

Inhibition by dopamine agonists of dopamine accumulation following γ-hydroxybutyrate treatment

1975 • 36 citations

LEVODOPA IN DRUG-INDUCED EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS

1970 • 35 citations

CONTROLLED STUDIES OF ANTIPARKINSONISM AGENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF DRUG-INDUCED EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOMS

1970 • 35 citations

TIME COURSE OF CHANGES IN SENSITIVITY AFTER DENERVATION OF THE NICTITATING MEMBRANE OF THE SPINAL CAT.

1963 • 35 citations

L-Dopa and Parkinsonism

1970 • 32 citations

Influence of flupenthixol and flupenthixol-decanoate on methylphenidate and apomorphine-induced compulsive gnawing in mice

1974 • 30 citations

Dopamine-receptor binding and adenylate-cyclase activity in mouse striatal tissue in the supersensitivity phase after neuroleptic treatment

1978 • 26 citations

Haloperidol-Induced Dyskinesias in the Monkey

1977 • 25 citations

CHOREA AND TORSION IN PARKINSONISM

1976 • 23 citations

An experimental model of tardive dyskinesias

1978 • 22 citations

The primary hereditary dystonias: genetic classification of 768 families and revised estimate of gene frequency, autosomal recessive form, and selected bibliography.

1976 • 22 citations

Dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in homogenates of rat striata during ethanol and barbiturate withdrawal

1976 • 20 citations

Studies on the role of catecholamines in the frontal cortex [proceedings].

1978 • 20 citations

Destruction of post-synaptic dopamine receptors prevents neuroleptic-induced activation of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase but not dopamine synthesis stimulation

1978 • 18 citations

EFFECTS OF CHRONIC HALOPERIDOL TREATMENT ON SPONTANEOUS ACTIVITY IN THE CAUDATE NUCLEUS

1979 • 9 citations

[Phenothiazine derivatives in therapy of psychoses associated with a somatic disease].

1956 • 3 citations