Molecular and Cellular Basis of Microflora-Host Interactions1,

Defective LPS Signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr Mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene

1998 • 7,541 citations

A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA

2000 • 6,348 citations

Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3

2001 • 5,893 citations

A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity

1997 • 5,522 citations

NF-κB AND REL PROTEINS: Evolutionarily Conserved Mediators of Immune Responses

1998 • 5,178 citations

Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity

2001 • 4,673 citations

Phosphorylation Meets Ubiquitination: The Control of NF-κB Activity

2000 • 4,644 citations

CD14, a Receptor for Complexes of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS Binding Protein

1990 • 4,041 citations

Species-Specific Recognition of Single-Stranded RNA via Toll-like Receptor 7 and 8

2004 • 3,766 citations

The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5

2001 • 3,507 citations

Innate Antiviral Responses by Means of TLR7-Mediated Recognition of Single-Stranded RNA

2004 • 3,325 citations

CpG Motifs in Bacterial DNA and Their Immune Effects

2002 • 2,520 citations

Dendritic cells express tight junction proteins and penetrate gut epithelial monolayers to sample bacteria

2001 • 2,472 citations

Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomised placebo-controlled trial

2001 • 2,461 citations

MD-2, a Molecule that Confers Lipopolysaccharide Responsiveness on Toll-like Receptor 4

1999 • 2,188 citations

The repertoire for pattern recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system is defined by cooperation between Toll-like receptors

2000 • 2,076 citations

Subsets of Human Dendritic Cell Precursors Express Different Toll-like Receptors and Respond to Different Microbial Antigens

2001 • 1,989 citations

Quantitative Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 1–10 mRNA in Cellular Subsets of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Sensitivity to CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides

2002 • 1,919 citations

Peptidoglycan- and Lipoteichoic Acid-induced Cell Activation Is Mediated by Toll-like Receptor 2

1999 • 1,714 citations

Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus

2000 • 1,644 citations

Cutting Edge: Heat Shock Protein 60 Is a Putative Endogenous Ligand of the Toll-Like Receptor-4 Complex

2000 • 1,632 citations

MyD88 Is an Adaptor Protein in the hToll/IL-1 Receptor Family Signaling Pathways

1998 • 1,565 citations

CD40 AND CD154 IN CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY

1998 • 1,546 citations

Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics—approaching a definition

2001 • 1,502 citations

Innate immune recognition: mechanisms and pathways

2000 • 1,451 citations

The Toll-like receptor 2 is recruited to macrophage phagosomes and discriminates between pathogens

1999 • 1,381 citations

Probiotics and prevention of atopic disease: 4-year follow-up of a randomised placebo-controlled trial

2003 • 1,363 citations

Oligosaccharides of Hyaluronan Activate Dendritic Cells via Toll-like Receptor 4

2002 • 1,339 citations

Nod2, a Nod1/Apaf-1 Family Member That Is Restricted to Monocytes and Activates NF-κB

2001 • 1,331 citations

Cutting Edge: Bacterial Flagellin Activates Basolaterally Expressed TLR5 to Induce Epithelial Proinflammatory Gene Expression

2001 • 1,305 citations

TRAF6 is a signal transducer for interleukin-1

1996 • 1,287 citations

Cutting Edge: Recognition of Gram-Positive Bacterial Cell Wall Components by the Innate Immune System Occurs Via Toll-Like Receptor 2

1999 • 1,252 citations

Differential Alteration in Intestinal Epithelial Cell Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2000 • 1,246 citations

Cutting Edge: A Novel Toll/IL-1 Receptor Domain-Containing Adapter That Preferentially Activates the IFN-β Promoter in the Toll-Like Receptor Signaling

2002 • 1,228 citations

Discrimination of bacterial lipoproteins by Toll-like receptor 6

2001 • 1,222 citations

Allergy development and the intestinal microflora during the first year of life

2001 • 1,189 citations

Cutting Edge: Repurification of Lipopolysaccharide Eliminates Signaling Through Both Human and Murine Toll-Like Receptor 2

2000 • 1,173 citations

Lipopolysaccharide-enhanced, Toll-like Receptor 4–dependent T Helper Cell Type 2 Responses to Inhaled Antigen

2002 • 1,172 citations

IRAK (Pelle) Family Member IRAK-2 and MyD88 as Proximal Mediators of IL-1 Signaling

1997 • 1,159 citations

The indigenous gastrointestinal microflora

1996 • 1,149 citations

Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by TLR family

2003 • 1,124 citations

MyD88: An Adapter That Recruits IRAK to the IL-1 Receptor Complex

1997 • 1,104 citations

Probiotic bacteria enhance murine and human intestinal epithelial barrier function

2001 • 1,096 citations

The Toll gene of drosophila, required for dorsal-ventral embryonic polarity, appears to encode a transmembrane protein

1988 • 1,077 citations

Differential Expression and Regulation of Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) in Human Leukocytes: Selective Expression of TLR3 in Dendritic Cells

2000 • 1,060 citations

NODs: intracellular proteins involved in inflammation and apoptosis

2003 • 1,041 citations

TRAM is specifically involved in the Toll-like receptor 4–mediated MyD88-independent signaling pathway

2003 • 1,023 citations

A Toll-like Receptor That Prevents Infection by Uropathogenic Bacteria

2004 • 1,013 citations

Secretion of microbicidal α-defensins by intestinal Paneth cells in response to bacteria

2000 • 1,002 citations

Probiotics in the management of atopic eczema

2000 • 995 citations

Essential role for TIRAP in activation of the signalling cascade shared by TLR2 and TLR4

2002 • 985 citations

Regulatory T Cells Selectively Express Toll-like Receptors and Are Activated by Lipopolysaccharide

2003 • 976 citations

Probiotics: A novel approach in the management of food allergy☆☆☆★★★

1997 • 937 citations

Lactobacilli Differentially Modulate Expression of Cytokines and Maturation Surface Markers in Murine Dendritic Cells

2002 • 895 citations

Toll-Like Receptor 4-Dependent Activation of Dendritic Cells by β-Defensin 2

2002 • 885 citations

Toll-like receptor 9 signaling mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics in murine experimental colitis

2004 • 859 citations

NOD2 is a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor 2–mediated T helper type 1 responses

2004 • 831 citations

Human Toll-Like Receptors Mediate Cellular Activation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

1999 • 813 citations

Leucine-rich repeats and pathogen recognition in Toll-like receptors

2003 • 741 citations

Cutting Edge: Different Toll-Like Receptor Agonists Instruct Dendritic Cells to Induce Distinct Th Responses via Differential Modulation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and c-Fos

2003 • 728 citations

Phagosomes are competent organelles for antigen cross-presentation

2003 • 701 citations

Distinct patterns and kinetics of chemokine production regulate dendritic cell function

1999 • 692 citations

Toll-like receptors: key mediators of microbe detection

2002 • 689 citations

Endogenous ligands of Toll-like receptors

2004 • 689 citations

Establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo: Genetic studies on the role of the Toll gene product

1985 • 675 citations

Cutting Edge: Inflammatory Signaling byBorrelia burgdorferiLipoproteins Is Mediated by Toll-Like Receptor 2

1999 • 666 citations

The monocyte differentiation antigen, CD14, is anchored to the cell membrane by a phosphatidylinositol linkage.

1988 • 654 citations

Effect of long term consumption of probiotic milk on infections in children attending day care centres: double blind, randomised

2001 • 635 citations

Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus strains in children with atopic dermatitis

2003 • 608 citations

Expression and regulation of the human beta-defensins hBD-1 and hBD-2 in intestinal epithelium.

1999 • 602 citations

Activation of Toll-Like Receptor-2 by Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchors from a Protozoan Parasite

2001 • 593 citations

CARD4/Nod1 mediates NF‐κB and JNK activation by invasive Shigella flexneri

2001 • 588 citations

Negative Regulation of Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling by Tollip

2002 • 574 citations

Flexibility of Mouse Classical and Plasmacytoid-derived Dendritic Cells in Directing T Helper Type 1 and 2 Cell Development

2003 • 561 citations

Flagellin perception: a paradigm for innate immunity

2002 • 537 citations

The Probiotic Bacterium Lactobacillus casei Induces Activation of the Gut Mucosal Immune System through Innate Immunity

2006 • 504 citations

Expression and Regulation of the Human β-Defensins hBD-1 and hBD-2 in Intestinal Epithelium

1999 • 496 citations

Cutting Edge: Functional Interactions Between Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR1 or TLR6 in Response to Phenol-Soluble Modulin

2001 • 477 citations

TLR2 is expressed on activated T cells as a costimulatory receptor

2004 • 471 citations

ANTIGEN SAMPLING ACROSS EPITHELIAL BARRIERS AND INDUCTION OF MUCOSAL IMMUNE RESPONSES

1996 • 462 citations

Double blind, placebo controlled trial of two probiotic strains in interleukin 10 knockout mice and mechanistic link with cytokine balance

2003 • 459 citations

Induction of Nod2 in Myelomonocytic and Intestinal Epithelial Cells via Nuclear Factor-κB Activation

2002 • 442 citations

Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells Are Broadly Unresponsive to Toll-Like Receptor 2-Dependent Bacterial Ligands: Implications for Host-Microbial Interactions in the Gut

2003 • 435 citations

Interleukin‐10 generation in atopic children following oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

2000 • 432 citations

Intestinal microflora of Estonian and Swedish infants

1997 • 420 citations

Production of human tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 is induced by lactic acid bacteria

1996 • 403 citations

The Toll-Like Receptor 5 Stimulus Bacterial Flagellin Induces Maturation and Chemokine Production in Human Dendritic Cells

2003 • 399 citations

Salmonella typhimurium translocates flagellin across intestinal epithelia, inducing a proinflammatory response

2001 • 393 citations

Lactobacillus casei strain GG reverses increased intestinal permeability induced by cow milk in suckling rats

1993 • 382 citations

Protective Roles of Mast Cells Against Enterobacterial Infection Are Mediated by Toll-Like Receptor 4

2001 • 373 citations

Flagellin stimulation of intestinal epithelial cells triggers CCL20-mediated migration of dendritic cells

2001 • 354 citations

Activation of mast cells by double-stranded RNA: evidence for activation through Toll-like receptor 3

2004 • 351 citations

Lactobacilli and Streptococci Induce Interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-18, and Gamma Interferon Production in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

1998 • 346 citations

Intracellular Recognition of Lipopolysaccharide by Toll-like Receptor 4 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

2003 • 330 citations

Histamine regulates cytokine production in maturing dendritic cells, resulting in altered T cell polarization

2001 • 312 citations

Pathologic and physiologic interactions of bacteria with the gastrointestinal epithelium

2001 • 311 citations

Toll-Like Receptor 4 Mediates Intracellular Signaling Without TNF-α Release in Response to Cryptococcus neoformans Polysaccharide Capsule

2001 • 308 citations

Flagellin Promotes Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88-Dependent Development of Th2-Type Response

2004 • 306 citations

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Signaling in Response toAspergillus fumigatus

2002 • 296 citations

Human Toll-Like Receptor 2 Mediates Monocyte Activation byListeria monocytogenes, But Not by Group B Streptococci or Lipopolysaccharide

2000 • 292 citations

Histamine regulates cytokine production in maturing dendritic cells, resulting in altered T cell polarization

2001 • 292 citations

Regulation of Dendritic Cell Function Through Toll-Like Receptors

2003 • 292 citations

Modulating immune responses with probiotic bacteria

2000 • 289 citations

Immunomodulatory effects of probiotic bacteria DNA: IL-1 and IL-10 response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

2003 • 288 citations

Toll‐like receptors‐2, ‐3 and ‐4 expression patterns on human colon and their regulation by mucosal‐associated bacteria

2005 • 280 citations

Lipoteichoic Acids fromLactobacillusStrains Elicit Strong Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Inducing Activities in Macrophages through Toll-Like Receptor 2

2003 • 275 citations

Differential regulation of interleukin 1 receptor and Toll-like receptor signaling by MEKK3

2003 • 258 citations

Biochemical characterization of a soluble form of the 53‐kDa monocyte surface antigen

1986 • 256 citations

Antigen-Specific Suppression of a Primed Immune Response by Dendritic Cells Mediated by Regulatory T Cells Secreting Interleukin-10

2003 • 253 citations

Innate Recognition of Bacteria in Human Milk Is Mediated by a Milk-Derived Highly Expressed Pattern Recognition Receptor, Soluble Cd14

2000 • 251 citations

Nod1 Is an Essential Signal Transducer in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Infected with Bacteria That Avoid Recognition by Toll-Like Receptors

2004 • 246 citations

Effect of Lactobacillus gasseri PA 16/8, Bifidobacterium longum SP 07/3, B. bifidum MF 20/5 on common cold episodes: A double blind, randomized, controlled trial

2005 • 245 citations

Lactobacilli from human gastrointestinal mucosa are strong stimulators of IL-12 production

1999 • 241 citations

Antigen-specific regulatory T cells—their induction and role in infection

2004 • 237 citations

ER-mediated phagocytosis: a new membrane for new functions

2003 • 233 citations

Mini‐review Toll‐like receptors: networking for success

2003 • 228 citations

Bacterial Probiotic Modulation of Dendritic Cells

2004 • 218 citations

NOD2 mediates anti‐inflammatory signals induced by TLR2 ligands: implications for Crohn's disease

2004 • 216 citations

Toll-Like Receptor 4 Is Required for Optimal Development of Th2 Immune Responses: Role of Dendritic Cells

2002 • 215 citations

Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus strains in young children hospitalized with acute diarrhea

2002 • 212 citations

Variable patterns of total DNA and rDNA methylation in animals

1980 • 210 citations

MD-2 Enables Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2)-Mediated Responses to Lipopolysaccharide and Enhances TLR2-Mediated Responses to Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria and Their Cell Wall Components

2001 • 209 citations

Lactobacilli and Streptococci Activate NF-κB and STAT Signaling Pathways in Human Macrophages

2000 • 208 citations

Recognition of lipopeptides by Toll-like receptors

2002 • 205 citations

Induction of Macrophage Nitric Oxide Production by Gram-Negative Flagellin Involves Signaling Via Heteromeric Toll-Like Receptor 5/Toll-Like Receptor 4 Complexes

2003 • 204 citations

Involvement of Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 in Cell Activation by Mannuronic Acid Polymers

2002 • 193 citations

Cutting Edge: Th2 Response Induction by Dendritic Cells: A Role for CD40

2002 • 193 citations

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG decreases TNF-alpha production in lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophages by a contact-independent mechanism

2003 • 190 citations

Lactic acid bacteria inhibit TH2 cytokine production by mononuclear cells from allergic patients

2002 • 188 citations

Streptococcus pyogenesandLactobacillus rhamnosusdifferentially induce maturation and production of Th1-type cytokines and chemokines in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells

2004 • 184 citations

Patterns of cytokine induction by gram-positive and gram-negative probiotic bacteria

2004 • 183 citations

Immunomodulation by treatment with Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota

1998 • 179 citations

A trial in the Karelian Republic of oral rehydration and Lactobacillus GG for treatment of acute diarrhoea

1997 • 168 citations

Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus strains on acute diarrhea in a cohort of nonhospitalized children attending day-care centers

2002 • 167 citations

Regulation of Dendritic Cell Function Through Toll-like Receptors

2003 • 164 citations

The role of Toll-like receptor 2 in microbial disease and immunity

2003 • 154 citations

The role of M cells in infection

2001 • 150 citations

The Stability of Tristetraprolin mRNA Is Regulated by Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase p38 and by Tristetraprolin Itself

2004 • 147 citations

Differential production of cytokines, reactive oxygen and nitrogen by bovine macrophages and dendritic cells stimulated with Toll‐like receptor agonists

2003 • 141 citations

TLR5-mediated activation of p38 MAPK regulates epithelial IL-8 expression via posttranscriptional mechanism

2003 • 139 citations

Salmonella enteritidis FliC (Flagella Filament Protein) Induces Human β-Defensin-2 mRNA Production by Caco-2 Cells

2001 • 139 citations

Effects of nonpathogenic bacteria on cytokine secretion by human intestinal mucosa

2003 • 135 citations

Gram-negative Flagellin-induced Self-tolerance Is Associated with a Block in Interleukin-1 Receptor-associated Kinase Release from Toll-like Receptor 5

2002 • 131 citations

Proinflammatory Cytokine and Nitric Oxide Induction in Murine Macrophages by Cell Wall and Cytoplasmic Extracts of Lactic Acid Bacteria

1999 • 129 citations

Recognition of lipopeptides by Toll-like receptors

2002 • 128 citations

How the gut senses its content

2002 • 126 citations

Identification of a TLR4‐ and TRIF‐dependent activation program of dendritic cells

2004 • 123 citations

Stimulation of the Secretion of Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokines by Bifidobacterium Strains

2002 • 120 citations

Adhesion of Lactic Acid Bacteria to Caco‐2 Cells and Their Effect on Cytokine Secretion

2002 • 120 citations

Lipoteichoic Acids fromLactobacillus johnsoniiStrain La1 andLactobacillus acidophilusStrain La10 Antagonize the Responsiveness of Human Intestinal Epithelial HT29 Cells to Lipopolysaccharide and Gram-Negative Bacteria

2002 • 119 citations

Mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan mediates physical interactions between TLR1 and TLR2 to induce signaling

2003 • 113 citations

Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 are present inside human dendritic cells, associated with microtubules and the Golgi apparatus but are not detectable on the cell surface: integrity of microtubules is required for interleukin‐12 production in response to internalized bacteria

2004 • 113 citations

TLR signaling at the intestinal epithelial interface

2003 • 104 citations

Lactobacillus plantarum 299: Beneficial in vitro immunomodulation in cells extracted from inflamed human colon

2004 • 103 citations

Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Toll-IL-1 Receptor Domain-Containing Adapter Protein (TIRAP)/Myeloid Differentiation Protein 88 Adapter-Like (Mal) Contribute to Maximal IL-6 Expression in Macrophages

2002 • 99 citations

The role of epithelial cells in immune regulation in the gut

2001 • 98 citations

Mini‐review: Regulatory T cells and infection: suppression revisited

2004 • 97 citations

Induction of nitric oxide synthesis by probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in J774 macrophages and human T84 intestinal epithelial cells.

2001 • 94 citations

TLR signaling at the intestinal epithelial interface

2003 • 90 citations

The master regulators of allergic inflammation: dendritic cells in Th2 sensitization

2003 • 86 citations

Stimulation of Cytokine Production in Clonal Macrophage and T-Cell Models by Streptococcus thermophilus: Comparison with Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus bulgaricus

1998 • 86 citations

Regulation of Matrilysin Expression in Airway Epithelial Cells by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Flagellin

2001 • 80 citations

Membrane-Associated Proteins of a Lipopolysaccharide-Deficient Mutant ofNeisseria meningitidisActivate the Inflammatory Response through Toll-Like Receptor 2

2001 • 76 citations

Mal and MyD88: adapter proteins involved in signal transduction by Toll-like receptors

2003 • 74 citations

Human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and infectious tolerance.

2004 • 69 citations

Mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan mediates physical interactions between TLR1 and TLR2 to induce signaling

2003 • 69 citations

Differential Cytokine Production in Clonal Macrophage and T-Cell Lines Cultured with Bifidobacteria

1997 • 69 citations

Cell adhesion differentially regulates the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of active MAP kinases

2002 • 64 citations

Mediators of the Inflammatory Process

1990 • 63 citations

Different cytokine response of primary colonic epithelial cells to commensal bacteria

2005 • 59 citations

Violence in teen-rated video games.

2004 • 59 citations

Intestinal pathway of internalisation of lactic acid bacteria and gut mucosal immunostimulation.

2003 • 59 citations

Interaction of bifidobacteria with the gut and their influence in the immune function

2003 • 58 citations

Distinct immune response induced by peptidoglycan derived fromLactobacillus sp

2005 • 58 citations

Much ado about M cells

2000 • 57 citations

Dendritic cells in peripheral tolerance and immunity

2003 • 45 citations

“For Whom the Bell Tolls!” - Innate Defense Mechanisms and Survival Strategies of the Intestinal Epithelium Against Lumenal Pathogens

2002 • 42 citations

Interleukin-18 secretion and Th1-like cytokine responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells under the influence of the toll-like receptor-5 ligand flagellin

2005 • 42 citations

TLR2 and TLR4 agonists stimulate unique repertoires of host resistance genes in murine macrophages: interferon-β-dependent signaling in TLR4-mediated responses

2003 • 40 citations

Role of Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 in Double-stranded RNA-induced iNOS Expression by Mouse Islets

2002 • 35 citations

Signalling mechanisms involved in the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, endotoxin, and lipoteichoic acid.

2002 • 33 citations

TLR2 and TLR4 agonists stimulate unique repertoires of host resistance genes in murine macrophages: interferon-β-dependent signaling in TLR4-mediated responses

2003 • 32 citations

The gut as a lymphoepithelial organ: The role of intestinal epithelial cells in mucosal immunity

1995 • 27 citations

Expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 on human intestinal lymphatic vessels

2003 • 26 citations

Anti‐Inflammatory Cytokines Induce Lipopolysaccharide Tolerance in Human Monocytes Without Modifying Toll‐Like Receptor 4 Membrane Expression

2004 • 24 citations