Ketamine as Adjuvant Analgesic to Opioids: A Quantitative and Qualitative Systematic Review

Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary?

1996 • 17,261 citations

The induction and maintenance of central sensitization is dependent on N -methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor activation; implications for the treatment of post-injury pain hypersensitivity states

1991 • 1,963 citations

Chronic Pain as an Outcome of Surgery

2000 • 1,343 citations

Meta-Analysis in Clinical Research

1987 • 1,269 citations

Mechanisms of hyperalgesian and morphine tolerance: a current view of their possible interactions

1995 • 828 citations

Long-lasting Hyperalgesia Induced by Fentanyl in Rats

2000 • 586 citations

Mapping of punctuate hyperalgesia around a surgical incision demonstrates that ketamine is a powerful suppressor of central sensitization to pain following surgery

1997 • 519 citations

‘Balanced analgesia’ in the perioperative period: is there a place for ketamine?

2001 • 394 citations

Chronic pain after thoracic surgery: a follow‐up study

1999 • 337 citations

The Role of Ketamine in Preventing Fentanyl-Induced Hyperalgesia and Subsequent Acute Morphine Tolerance

2002 • 336 citations

The Effect of N-Methyl-D-aspartate Antagonist (Ketamine) on Single and Repeated Nociceptive Stimuli

1995 • 279 citations

Postoperative Pain

1993 • 247 citations

The Benefits of Intraoperative Small-Dose Ketamine on Postoperative Pain After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair

2000 • 228 citations

Ketamine as an adjuvant to opioids for cancer pain

2017 • 221 citations

Phantom pain and sensation among British veteran amputees

1997 • 211 citations

Comparison of morphine and morphine with ketamine for postoperative analgesia

1996 • 201 citations

A Single Small Dose of Postoperative Ketamine Provides Rapid and Sustained Improvement in Morphine Analgesia in the Presence of Morphine-Resistant Pain

2003 • 198 citations

The Effect of Ketamine on Opioid-Induced Acute Tolerance: Can It Explain Reduction of Opioid Consumption with Ketamine-Opioid Analgesic Combinations?

2000 • 197 citations

Supplementing Desflurane-Remifentanil Anesthesia with Small-Dose Ketamine Reduces Perioperative Opioid Analgesic Requirements

2002 • 192 citations

Preemptive Ketamine Decreases Postoperative Narcotic Requirements in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery

1997 • 190 citations

Small-Dose Ketamine Improves the Postoperative State of Depressed Patients

2002 • 188 citations

The Effects of Small-Dose Ketamine on Morphine Consumption in Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients After Major Abdominal Surgery

2003 • 182 citations

Intraoperative Small-Dose Ketamine Enhances Analgesia After Outpatient Knee Arthroscopy

2001 • 182 citations

Fentanyl Enhancement of Carrageenan-induced Long-lasting Hyperalgesia in Rats

2002 • 179 citations

Postoperative analgesia with i.v. patient-controlled morphine: effect of adding ketamine

1999 • 169 citations

Preemptive Ketamine Decreases Postoperative Narcotic Requirements in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery

1997 • 154 citations

Preemptive Analgesia by Intravenous Low-dose Ketamine and Epidural Morphine in Gastrectomy

2000 • 148 citations

Oral Ketamine as an Adjuvant to Oral Morphine for Neuropathic Pain in Cancer Patients

2002 • 137 citations

Small-Dose Ketamine Enhances Morphine-Induced Analgesia After Outpatient Surgery

1999 • 130 citations

Does Ketamine Have Preemptive Effects in Women Undergoing Abdominal Hysterectomy Procedures?

2000 • 128 citations

Adding Ketamine to Morphine for Patient-Controlled Analgesia After Major Abdominal Surgery: A Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial

2001 • 118 citations

Perioperative Small-Dose S(+)-Ketamine Has No Incremental Beneficial Effects on Postoperative Pain When Standard-Practice Opioid Infusions Are Used

2002 • 116 citations

Ketamine potentiates analgesic effect of morphine in postoperative epidural pain control.

1996 • 114 citations

Adding Ketamine in a Multimodal Patient-Controlled Epidural Regimen Reduces Postoperative Pain and Analgesic Consumption

1998 • 111 citations

Does ketamine or magnesium affect posttonsillectomy pain in children?

2003 • 96 citations

Combined infusions of morphine and ketamine for postoperative pain in elderly patients

1993 • 96 citations

Pre‐incisional epidural ketamine, morphine and bupivacaine combined with epidural and general anaesthesia provides pre‐emptive analgesia for upper abdominal surgery

2000 • 89 citations

Pre-emptive analgesia with ketamine, morphine and epidural lidocaine prior to total knee replacement

1997 • 86 citations

Preoperative Small-Dose Ketamine Has No Preemptive Analgesic Effect in Patients Undergoing Total Mastectomy

1999 • 83 citations

Epidural Morphine Plus Ketamine for Upper Abdominal Surgery

1997 • 83 citations

Lack of pre‐emptive analgesic effect of (R)‐ketamine in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

1999 • 77 citations

Analgesia from morphine and ketamine.

1987 • 75 citations

Effect of the addition of ketamine to morphine in patient‐controlled analgesia

2002 • 74 citations

Effect of i.v. ketamine in combination with epidural bupivacaine or epidural morphine on postoperative pain and wound tenderness after renal surgery

1998 • 70 citations

Epidural ketamine for postoperative pain relief after gynecologic operations: a double-blind study and comparison with epidural morphine.

1987 • 67 citations

Intraoperative Intravenous Ketamine in Combination with Epidural Analgesia: Postoperative Analgesia After Renal Surgery

2003 • 62 citations

Epidural Ketamine for Postoperative Pain Relief after Gynecologic Operations

1987 • 55 citations

Analgesic Effects and Pharmacokinetics of a Low Dose of Ketamine Preoperatively Administered Epidurally or Intravenously

2003 • 54 citations

Ketamine reduces swallowing‐evoked pain after paediatric tonsillectomy

2003 • 53 citations

Double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled trial of the effect of ketamine on postoperative morphine consumption in children following appendicectomy

2003 • 52 citations

PCA Ketamine and Morphine after Abdominal Hysterectomy

2001 • 51 citations

Postoperative pain management with intravenous patient-controlled morphine: comparison of the effect of adding magnesium or ketamine

2005 • 49 citations

Intramuscular low-dose ketamine versus pethidine for postoperative pain treatment after thoracic surgery

1992 • 48 citations

Ketamine Infusion for Postoperative Analgesia in Asthmatics

1993 • 47 citations

Preoperative Epidural Ketamine in Combination with Morphine Does Not Have a Clinically Relevant Intra- and Postoperative Opioid-Sparing Effect

2001 • 46 citations

Postoperative pain management with intravenous patient-controlled morphine: comparison of the effect of adding magnesium or ketamine

2003 • 45 citations

Postoperative Pain Relief After Hepatic Resection in Cirrhotic Patients: The Efficacy of a Single Small Dose of Ketamine Plus Morphine Epidurally

2003 • 44 citations

Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of epidural ketamine combined with morphine for postoperative analgesia after major upper abdominal surgery

2001 • 43 citations

Subcutaneous ketamine analgesia: postoperative analgesia using subcutaneous infusions of ketamine and morphine.

1989 • 41 citations

Preoperative Epidural Ketamine Does Not Have a Postoperative Opioid Sparing Effect

1998 • 37 citations

Postoperative Pain Relief After Hepatic Resection in Cirrhotic Patients: The Efficacy of a Single Small Dose of Ketamine Plus Morphine Epidurally

2003 • 36 citations

A double‐blind comparison of epidural ketamine and diamorphine for postoperative analgesia

1989 • 36 citations

Intravenous ketamine for postoperative analgesia.

1975 • 32 citations

Preemptive analgesia: No relevant advantage of preoperative compared with postoperative intravenous administration of morphine, ketamine, and clonidine in patients undergoing transperitoneal tumor nephrectomy☆

2002 • 32 citations

Adjuvant Ketamine Analgesia for the Management of Cancer Pain

2002 • 31 citations

Patient-controlled epidural analgesia with morphine or morphine plus ketamine for post-operative pain relief

1999 • 31 citations

Postoperative analgesia with ketamine and pethidine

1977 • 28 citations

The comparison of caudal ketamine, alfentanil and ketamine plus alfentanil administration for postoperative analgesia in children

2002 • 28 citations

The addition of ketamine to patient controlled morphine analgesia does not improve quality of analgesia after total abdominal hysterectomy

1999 • 26 citations

Klinische Untersuchung über die präemptive Analgesie durch niedrig dosiertes Ketamin

2001 • 25 citations

Subcutaneous infusion of ketamine and morphine for relief of postoperative pain: a double-blind comparative study.

1994 • 18 citations

Total intravenous anaesthesia using low-dose ketamine infusion for caesarean section. A comparison with a standard inhalation anaesthetic technique.

1984 • 6 citations

Ketamine infusion for postoperative analgesia: a prospective cohort study in asthmatics.

1993 • 5 citations

Can ketamine potentiate the analgesic effect of epidural morphine, preincisional or postincisional administration?

2002 • 5 citations