Cytokines in Leishmaniasis: A Complex Network of Stimulatory and Inhibitory Interactions

Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide.

1990 • 7,068 citations

Nitric oxide as a secretory product of mammalian cells

1992 • 4,437 citations

Development of T _H 1 CD4 ⁺ T Cells Through IL-12 Produced by Listeria -Induced Macrophages

1993 • 3,140 citations

Biology of Natural Killer Cells

1989 • 2,970 citations

IL-10 inhibits cytokine production by activated macrophages.

1991 • 2,919 citations

Mechanism of a Reaction in Vitro Associated with Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity

1966 • 1,604 citations

Role of nitric oxide synthesis in macrophage antimicrobial activity

1991 • 1,547 citations

Dithiocarbamates as potent inhibitors of nuclear factor kappa B activation in intact cells.

1992 • 1,524 citations

Delayed hypersensitivity in vitro: its mediation by cell-free substances formed by lymphoid cell-antigen interaction.

1966 • 1,274 citations

IL-4 directs the development of Th2-like helper effectors.

1990 • 1,261 citations

Macrophage deactivation by interleukin 10.

1991 • 1,253 citations

Promoter of the mouse gene encoding calcium-independent nitric oxide synthase confers inducibility by interferon gamma and bacterial lipopolysaccharide.

1993 • 1,127 citations

Interleukin 13 induces interleukin 4-independent IgG4 and IgE synthesis and CD23 expression by human B cells.

1993 • 1,084 citations

Induction of interferon gamma production by natural killer cell stimulatory factor: characterization of the responder cells and synergy with other inducers.

1991 • 976 citations

Interleukin-4: a prototypic immunoregulatory lymphokine

1991 • 878 citations

lnterleukin-13 is a new human lymphokine regulating inflammatory and immune responses

1993 • 877 citations

Gamma/Delta Cells

1993 • 819 citations

Two types of mouse helper T-cell clone

1987 • 813 citations

Interleukin 12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha are costimulators of interferon gamma production by natural killer cells in severe combined immunodeficiency mice with listeriosis, and interleukin 10 is a physiologic antagonist.

1993 • 792 citations

Recombinant interleukin 12 cures mice infected with Leishmania major.

1993 • 776 citations

Macrophage killing of Leishmania parasite in vivo is mediated by nitric oxide from L-arginine.

1990 • 751 citations

Resolution of cutaneous leishmaniasis: interleukin 12 initiates a protective T helper type 1 immune response.

1993 • 738 citations

IL-10 inhibits parasite killing and nitrogen oxide production by IFN-gamma-activated macrophages.

1992 • 709 citations

Activated macrophages destroy intracellular Leishmania major amastigotes by an L-arginine-dependent killing mechanism.

1990 • 690 citations

Mechanisms of suppression of macrophage nitric oxide release by transforming growth factor beta.

1993 • 658 citations

Natural killer cells are a source of interferon gamma that drives differentiation of CD4+ T cell subsets and induces early resistance to Leishmania major in mice.

1993 • 612 citations

Interleukin 13, a T-cell-derived cytokine that regulates human monocyte and B-cell function.

1993 • 565 citations

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha synergizes with IFN-gamma in mediating killing of Leishmania major through the induction of nitric oxide.

1990 • 531 citations

Production of interferon gamma, interleukin 2, interleukin 4, and interleukin 10 by CD4+ lymphocytes in vivo during healing and progressive murine leishmaniasis.

1991 • 528 citations

IFN-gamma modulates the early development of Th1 and Th2 responses in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

1991 • 526 citations

Inflammation: Basic Principles and Clinical Correlates

1993 • 518 citations

A limiting dilution assay for quantifying Leishmania major in tissues of infected mice

1985 • 508 citations

Macrophage deactivating factor and transforming growth factors-beta 1 -beta 2 and -beta 3 inhibit induction of macrophage nitrogen oxide synthesis by IFN-gamma.

1990 • 507 citations

Establishment of Stable, Cell-Mediated Immunity that Makes "Susceptible" Mice Resistant to Leishmania major

1992 • 503 citations

Identification of an Infective Stage of Leishmania Promastigotes

1984 • 498 citations

Role of T‐Cell Derived Cytokines in the Downregulation of Immune Responses in Parasitic and Retroviral Infection

1992 • 473 citations

Salivary Gland Lysates from the Sand Fly Lutzomyia longipalpis Enhance Leishmania Infectivity

1988 • 454 citations

Leishmania major amastigotes initiate the L-arginine-dependent killing mechanism in IFN-gamma-stimulated macrophages by induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

1990 • 453 citations

Transforming Growth Factor-β in Leishmanial Infection: a Parasite Escape Mechanism

1992 • 439 citations

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?) in inflammation: A cause and a cure

1992 • 417 citations

Killing of intracellular Leishmania donovani by lymphokine-stimulated human mononuclear phagocytes. Evidence that interferon-gamma is the activating lymphokine.

1983 • 404 citations

IL-4 induces a Th2 response in Leishmania major-infected mice.

1992 • 403 citations

Modulation of Macrophage Function by Transforming Growth Factor ?, Interleukin-4, and Interleukin-10

1993 • 393 citations

Visceral Infection Caused by Leishmania tropica in Veterans of Operation Desert Storm

1993 • 377 citations

Phagocytosis and inflammatory stimuli induce GM-CSF mRNA in macrophages through posttranscriptional regulation

1987 • 377 citations

Administration of monoclonal anti-IFN-gamma antibodies in vivo abrogates natural resistance of C3H/HeN mice to infection with Leishmania major.

1989 • 374 citations

Diversity of Cytokine Synthesis and Function of Mouse CD4⁺ T Cells

1991 • 371 citations

Activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by nitric oxide-generating compounds.

1993 • 353 citations

Differential Regulation of Murine T Lymphocyte Subsets

1993 • 343 citations

Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis with Pentavalent Antimony and Interferon Gamma

1990 • 313 citations

Role of Cytokines in the Differentiation of CD4⁺ T‐Cell Subsets in vivo

1991 • 289 citations

CD4+ T Cells: Specificity and Function

1988 • 281 citations

Langerhans cells transport Leishmania major from the infected skin to the draining lymph node for presentation to antigen‐specific T cells

1993 • 276 citations

Multiplication of a Human Parasite ( Leishmania donovani ) in Phagolysosomes of Hamster Macrophages in Vitro

1976 • 274 citations

Susceptibility of leishmania to oxygen intermediates and killing by normal macrophages

1981 • 267 citations

Developmental modification of lipophosphoglycan during the differentiation of Leishmania major promastigotes to an infectious stage.

1992 • 263 citations

Tumor necrosis factor plays a protective role in experimental murine cutaneous leishmaniasis.

1989 • 256 citations

Microbial glycolipids: possible virulence factors that scavenge oxygen radicals.

1989 • 255 citations

Transforming growth factor-beta and IL-4 cause helper T cell precursors to develop into distinct effector helper cells that differ in lymphokine secretion pattern and cell surface phenotype.

1991 • 254 citations

Stage-Specific Adhesion of Leishmania Promastigotes to the Sandfly Midgut

1992 • 245 citations

Mechanism of suppression of nitric oxide synthase expression by interleukin-4 in primary mouse macrophages

1994 • 237 citations

Effective immunization against cutaneous leishmaniasis with defined membrane antigens reconstituted into liposomes.

1988 • 236 citations

Heat Shock Genes: Regulatory Role for Differentiation in Parasitic Protozoa

1985 • 229 citations

IL-4 inhibits H2O2 production and antileishmanial capacity of human cultured monocytes mediated by IFN-gamma.

1989 • 228 citations

A possible novel pathway of regulation by murine T helper type‐2 (T_h2) cells of a T_h1 cell activity via the modulation of the induction of nitric oxide synthase on macrophages

1991 • 226 citations

Therapeutic effect of anti-L3T4 monoclonal antibody GK1.5 on cutaneous leishmaniasis in genetically-susceptible BALB/c mice.

1985 • 225 citations

Transforming growth factor beta as a virulence mechanism for Leishmania braziliensis.

1993 • 217 citations

MURINE CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS: DISEASE PATTERNS IN INTACT AND NUDE MICE OF VARIOUS GENOTYPES AND EXAMINATION OF SOME DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NORMAL AND INFECTED MACROPHAGES

1979 • 217 citations

Metacyclogenesis in Leishmania promastigotes

1989 • 215 citations

A family of small inducible proteins secreted by leukocytes are members of a new superfamily that includes leukocyte and fibroblast-derived inflammatory agents, growth factors, and indicators of various activation processes.

1989 • 206 citations

T _H 1 and T _H 2 Cell Antigen Receptors in Experimental Leishmaniasis

1993 • 204 citations

Resistance to Leishmania major infection correlates with the induction of nitric oxide synthase in murine macrophages

1991 • 201 citations

Recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor activates intracellular killing of Leishmania donovani by human monocyte-derived macrophages.

1987 • 194 citations

Oral Salmonella typhimurium (AroA-) vaccine expressing a major leishmanial surface protein (gp63) preferentially induces T helper 1 cells and protective immunity against leishmaniasis.

1990 • 188 citations

Lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania major that vaccinates against cutaneous leishmaniasis contains an alkylglycerophosphoinositol lipid anchor.

1987 • 184 citations

Tumor necrosis factor‐α in combination with interferon‐γ, but not with interleukin 4 activates murine macrophages for elimination of Leishmania major amastigotes

1990 • 179 citations

Cloning and characterization of a cDNA for a new mouse T cell growth factor (P40).

1989 • 173 citations

Cell-mediated immune response in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. II. Oxygen-dependent killing of intracellular Leishmania donovani amastigotes.

1982 • 173 citations

Nitric oxide modulation of human leukemia cell differentiation and gene expression

1992 • 172 citations

Functional heterogeneity of CD4+ T cells in leishmaniasis

1989 • 171 citations

Murine cutaneous leishmaniasis: resistance correlates with the capacity to generate interferon-gamma in response to Leishmania antigens in vitro.

1986 • 169 citations

Serum resistance of metacyclic stage Leishmania major promastigotes is due to release of C5b-9.

1990 • 164 citations

Differential Regulation of IL-9-Expression after Infection with Leishmania major in Susceptible and Resistant Mice

1993 • 162 citations

Immunology of leishmaniasis

1992 • 162 citations

Killing of Leishmania Parasites in Activated Murine Macrophages is Based on an L-Arginine-Dependent Process That Produces Nitrogen Derivatives

1991 • 158 citations

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in anti-IgM-treated mice: enhanced resistance due to functional depletion of a B cell-dependent T cell involved in the suppressor pathway.

1984 • 153 citations

Parasitism of Epidermal Langerhans Cells in Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis withLeishmania major

1993 • 153 citations

Inhibition of macrophage protein kinase C-mediated protein phosphorylation by Leishmania donovani lipophosphoglycan.

1992 • 147 citations

Differential susceptibility of activated macrophage cytotoxic effector reactions to the suppressive effects of transforming growth factor-beta 1.

1991 • 147 citations

Leishmania tropica: Pathogenicity and in vitro macrophage function in strains of inbred mice

1979 • 146 citations

Analysis of enhancing effect of sand fly saliva on Leishmania infection in mice

1991 • 146 citations

Persistence of virulent Leishmania major in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis: a possible hazard for the host

1993 • 146 citations

Immunization with Leishmania receptor for macrophages protects mice against cutaneous leishmaniasis.

1985 • 145 citations

Exacerbation of murine cutaneous leishmaniasis by adoptive transfer of parasite-specific helper T cell populations capable of mediating Leishmania major-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity.

1984 • 140 citations

Reconstitution of Leishmania immunity in severe combined immunodeficient mice using Th1- and Th2-like cell lines.

1991 • 139 citations

Suppressive effect of cyclosporin A on the development of Leishmania tropica-induced lesions in genetically susceptible BALB/c mice.

1986 • 138 citations

Pathogen-induced Th1 phenotype development in CD4⁺ αβ-TCR transgenic T cells is macrophage dependent

1993 • 133 citations

Phagocytosis and killing of the protozoan Leishmania donovani by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

1981 • 132 citations

Inhibitory effects on protein kinase C activity by lipophosphoglycan fragments and glycosylphosphatidylinositol antigens of the protozoan parasite Leishmania

1989 • 131 citations

Macrophage activation by interferon‐γ from host‐protective T cells is inhibited by interleukin (IL) 3 and IL 4 produced by disease‐promoting T cells in leishmaniasis

1989 • 130 citations

Intracellular replication and lymphokine-induced destruction of Leishmania tropica in C3H/HeN mouse macrophages.

1981 • 129 citations

Regulation of macrophage physiology by L-arginine: role of the oxidative L-arginine deiminase pathway.

1989 • 128 citations

Leishmania major interferes with antigen presentation by infected macrophages.

1993 • 124 citations

Gamma interferon response in secondary Leishmania major infection: role of CD8+ T cells

1993 • 121 citations

Macrophage-Pathogen Interactions

1993 • 121 citations

Tcgfiii/p40 is produced by naive murine cd4+ t cells but is not a general t cell growth factor*

1989 • 115 citations

Increased myelopoiesis during Leishmania major infection in mice: generation of 'safe targets', a possible way to evade the effector immune mechanism.

1986 • 115 citations

Elimination of CD4+ suppressor T cells from susceptible BALB/c mice releases CD8+ T lymphocytes to mediate protective immunity against Leishmania.

1989 • 114 citations

Establishment of resistance to Leishmania major infection in susceptible BALB/c mice requires parasite-specific CD8⁺ T cells

1991 • 112 citations

Involvement of specific Lyt‐2⁺ T cells in the immunological control of experimentally induced murine cutaneous leishmaniasis

1987 • 108 citations

Impairment of the oxidative metabolism of mouse peritoneal macrophages by intracellular Leishmania spp

1987 • 107 citations

Natural killer cells participate in the early defense against Leishmania major infection in mice

1993 • 104 citations

Induction of heat shock and stress proteins in promastigotes of three Leishmania species.

1985 • 104 citations

Changes in the precursor frequencies of IL-4 and IFN-gamma secreting CD4+ cells correlate with resolution of lesions in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis.

1992 • 104 citations

A role for gamma delta + T cells during experimental infection of mice with Leishmania major.

1993 • 104 citations

Kinetics of gamma interferon binding and induction of major histocompatibility complex class II mRNA in Leishmania-infected macrophages.

1988 • 103 citations

A role for oxygen-dependent mechanisms in killing of Leishmania donovani tissue forms by activated macrophages.

1982 • 102 citations

Analysis of Infection Characteristics and Antiparasite Immune Responses in Resistant Compared with Susceptible Hosts

1982 • 101 citations

Immunoprotective Leishmania major synthetic T cell epitopes.

1990 • 100 citations

Interleukin‐4 transgenic mice of resistant background are susceptible to Leishmania major infection

1993 • 95 citations

Protection against Leishmania major in BALB/c mice by adoptive transfer of a T cell clone recognizing a low molecular weight antigen released by promastigotes.

1990 • 91 citations

c-fos and tumor necrosis factor gene expression in Leishmania donovani-infected macrophages.

1989 • 87 citations

Patterns of cytokine secretion in murine leishmaniasis: correlation with disease progression or resolution

1990 • 86 citations

RESISTANCE AND ABROGATION OF RESISTANCE TO CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN RECONSTITUTED BALB/c NUDE MICE

1981 • 83 citations

CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN MICE: DISEASE PATTERNS IN RECONSTITUTED NUDE MICE OF SEVERAL GENOTYPES INFECTED WITH LEISHMANIA TROPICA

1980 • 82 citations

IL-2 is necessary for the progression of leishmaniasis in susceptible murine hosts.

1993 • 80 citations

Localization of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules in phagolysosomes of murine macrophages infected with Leishmania amazonensis

1991 • 79 citations

Advantages of measuring changes in the number of viable parasites in murine models of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis

1983 • 79 citations

Intracellular destruction of Leishmania tropica by macrophages activated with macrophage activating factor/interferon.

1984 • 78 citations

Reconstitution of C.B‐17 scid mice with BALB/c T cells initiates a T helper type‐1 response and renders them capable of healing Leishmania major infection

1993 • 78 citations

The respiratory burst is not required for killing of intracellular and extracellular parasites by a lymphokine‐activated macrophage cell line

1985 • 78 citations

Differential survival of Leishmania donovani amastigotes in human monocytes.

1983 • 76 citations

EFFECTS OF INTRADERMAL GAMMA-INTERFERON IN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS

1989 • 76 citations

Interleukin-4 but not gamma interferon production correlates with the severity of murine cutaneous leishmaniasis

1993 • 75 citations

Visceral Leishmaniasis Unresponsive to Pentostam caused by Leishmania Tropica in Kenya

1989 • 75 citations

A role for Lyt-2+ T cells in resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis in immunized mice.

1989 • 74 citations

Susceptibility of inbred mice to Leishmania tropica infection: Correlation of susceptibility with in vitro defective macrophage microbicidal activities

1983 • 70 citations

Role of tumor necrosis factor in macrophage leishmanicidal activity in vitro and resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis in vivo

1991 • 70 citations

Resistance to murine cutaneous leishmaniasis is mediated by T_H1 cells, but disease‐promoting CD4⁺ cells are different from T_H2 cells

1990 • 69 citations

Effect of glycolipids of Leishmania parasites on human monocyte activity. Inhibition by lipophosphoglycan.

1990 • 68 citations

B lymphocytes are required for the generation of T cells that mediate healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

1986 • 68 citations

Genetically determined susceptibility to Leishmania tropica infection is expressed by haematopoietic donor cells in mouse radiation chimaeras

1980 • 68 citations

Enhancement of macrophage IL-1 production by Leishmania major infection in vitro and its inhibition by IFN-gamma.

1989 • 67 citations

Analysis of the Cellular Parameters of the Immune Responses contributing to Resistance and Susceptibility of Mice to Infection with the Intracellular Parasite, Leishmania major

1989 • 66 citations

Interleukin-4 Inhibits Human Macrophage Activation by Tumor Necrosis Factor, Granulocyte-Monocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, and Interleukin-3 for Antileishmanial Activity and Oxidative Burst Capacity

1992 • 66 citations

The induction of protective immunity to Leishmania major in the BALB/c mouse by interleukin 4 treatment

1989 • 65 citations

Aggravation of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice by administration of interleukin 3

1988 • 62 citations

The interaction between CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and Leishmania-infected macrophages.

1991 • 62 citations

Leishmania antigens presented by GM-CSF-derived macrophages protect susceptible mice against challenge with Leishmania major.

1993 • 62 citations

Recombinant migration inhibitory factor induces nitric oxide synthase in murine macrophages

1993 • 62 citations

The in vitro Generation and Functional Analysis of Murine T Cell Populations and Clones Specific for a Protozoan Parasite, Leishmania tropica

1982 • 62 citations

Application of recombinant granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor has a detrimental effect in experimental murine leishmaniasis

1988 • 61 citations

A repetitive peptide of Leishmania can activate T helper type 2 cells and enhance disease progression.

1990 • 61 citations

Antileishmanial defense in macrophages triggered by tumor necrosis factor expressed on CD4+ T lymphocyte plasma membrane.

1991 • 60 citations

Granulocyte-Macrophage and Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factors Activate Intramacrophage Killing of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis

1990 • 59 citations

TH1 and TH2 T-cell subsets are differentially activated by macrophages and B cells in murine leishmaniasis

1993 • 58 citations

Analysis of subpopulations of glass-adherent mouse skin cells controlling resistance/susceptibility to infection with Leishmania tropica, and correlation with the development of independent proliferative signals to Lyt-1+/Lyt-2+ T lymphocytes

1982 • 57 citations

Exacerbation of experimental murine cutaneous leishmaniasis with CD4⁺Leishmania major‐specific T cell lines or clones which secrete interferon‐γ and mediate parasite‐specific delayed‐type hypersensitivity

1991 • 57 citations

Microanatomic clonality of gamma delta T cells in human leishmaniasis lesions.

1992 • 57 citations

Phagocytosis of Leishmania enhances macrophage activation by IFN-gamma and lipopolysaccharide.

1991 • 56 citations

Immunity to experimental infection with Leishmania major: generation of protective L3T4⁺ T cell clones recognizing antigen(s) associated with live parasites

1989 • 56 citations

Prophylactic treatment of BALB/c mice with cyclosporine A and its analog B-5-49 enhances resistance to Leishmania major.

1986 • 53 citations

Catalase inhibits nitric oxide synthesis and the killing of intracellular Leishmania major in murine macrophages

1992 • 53 citations

Human recombinant migration inhibitory factor activates human macrophages to kill Leishmania donovani

1993 • 53 citations

Phagocytosis enhances murine macrophage activation by interferon‐γ and tumor necrosis factor‐α

1991 • 52 citations

Dynamic aspects of host-parasite relationships

1973 • 51 citations

Recombinant migration inhibitory factor induces nitric oxide synthase in murine macrophages.

1993 • 51 citations

Soluble TNF and membrane TNF expressed on CD4+ T lymphocytes differ In their ability to activate macrophage antileishmanial defense

1992 • 50 citations

Cytokine regulation of murine leishmaniasis: interleukin 4 is not sufficient to mediate progressive disease in resistant C57BL/6 mice

1991 • 50 citations

Resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis in nude mice injected with L3T4⁺ T cells but not with Ly‐2⁺ T cells

1988 • 49 citations

Suppression of interleukin-2 production by macrophages in genetically susceptible mice infected with Leishmania major

1986 • 49 citations

Treatment of murine macrophages with interferon-γ inhibits their ability to bind leishmania promastigotes

1992 • 49 citations

Evasion strategies of Leishmania parasites

1990 • 48 citations

Expression of Leishmania antigen on the surface membrane of infected human macrophages in vitro.

1981 • 48 citations

Murine epidermal Langerhans cells are potent stimulators of an antigen‐specific T cell response to Leishmania major, the cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis

1992 • 47 citations

Systemic infection of Leishmania tropica (major) in various strains of mice

1981 • 47 citations

Mononuclear phagocytes : biology of monocytes and macrophages

1992 • 46 citations

LEISHMANIA TROPICA MAJOR IN MICE: VACCINATION AGAINST CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN MICE OF HIGH GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY

1983 • 46 citations

The glycoconjugate derived from a Leishmania major receptor for macrophages is a suppressogenic, disease‐promoting antigen in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis

1986 • 45 citations

Human recombinant migration inhibitory factor activates human macrophages to kill Leishmania donovani.

1991 • 44 citations

RESISTANCE TO CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN GENETICALLY SUSCEPTIBLE BALB/c MICE

1981 • 44 citations

In vitro and in vivo effects of interleukin 2 on the protozoan parasite leishmania

1989 • 43 citations

Low response of BALB/c macrophages to priming and activating signals

1992 • 43 citations

Interactions between Leishmania major and macrophages.

1994 • 42 citations

Interleukin-7 enhances antimicrobial activity against Leishmania major in murine macrophages

1993 • 41 citations

Suppression of macrophage antimicrobial activity by a tumor cell product.

1983 • 40 citations

Correlation between enhanced oxidative metabolism and leishmanicidal activity in activated macrophages from healer and nonhealer mouse strains.

1986 • 40 citations

Macrophage activation for antileishmanial defense by an apparently novel mechanism.

1987 • 38 citations

Cytokine control of Leishmania infection in the BALB/c mouse: enhancement and inhibition of parasite growth by local administration of IL‐2 or IL‐4 is species and time dependent

1992 • 37 citations

Administration of Recombinant Interleukin-2 Reduces the Local Parasite Load of Patients with Disseminated Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

1990 • 37 citations

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor increases the infectivity of Leishmania amazonensis by protecting promastigotes from heat-induced death

1992 • 36 citations

Coexistence of Antigen-Specific TH1 and TH2 Cells in Genetically Susceptible BALB/c Mice Infected with Leishmania major

1989 • 36 citations

Purification of macrophage deactivating factor.

1990 • 33 citations

Vaccine-induced immunity against cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice

1988 • 33 citations

Thymopentin reduces the susceptibility of aged mice to cutaneous leishmaniasis by modulating CD4 T-cell subsets.

1992 • 30 citations

Mechanistic differences between migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and IFN-gamma for macrophage activation. MIF and IFN-gamma synergize with lipid A to mediate migration inhibition but only IFN-gamma induces production of TNF-alpha and nitric oxide.

1993 • 30 citations

Effect of lipopolysaccharide on intracellular killing of Leishmania enriettii and correlation with macrophage oxidative metabolism

1987 • 30 citations

Granulocyte‐Macrophage Colony‐Stimulating Factor is a Growth‐Factor for Promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis

1990 • 29 citations

Transforming growth factor β (TGF β) in inflammation: a cause and a cure

1992 • 29 citations

Examination of variables in the vaccination of mice against cutaneous leishmaniasis using living avirulent cloned lines and killed promastigotes of Leishmania major

1985 • 29 citations

Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

1963 • 28 citations

Immunization of susceptible hosts with a soluble antigen fraction from Leishmania major leads to aggravation of murine leishmaniasis mediated by CD4⁺ T cells

1990 • 28 citations

Cytokine interactions in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis.

1991 • 28 citations

Production of tumour necrosis factor during murine cutaneous leishmaniasis

1990 • 27 citations

Kinetics of cell-mediated immunity developing during the course of Leishmania major infection in 'healer' and 'non-healer' mice: progressive impairment of response to and generation of interleukin-2.

1987 • 25 citations

T cell response in murine Leishmanial mexicana amazonensis infection: production of interferon‐γby CD8⁺ cells

1993 • 24 citations

Characterization of Leishmania major antigen-liposomes that protect BALB/c mice against cutaneous leishmaniasis

1990 • 23 citations

Immunobiology of experimental Leishmaniasis

1987 • 22 citations

Interferon-γ Inhibits the Efficacy of Interleukin 1 to Generate a Th2-Cell Biased Immune Response Induced by Leishmania major

1991 • 22 citations

Studies on intracellular killing of Leishmania major and lysis of host macrophages by immune lymphoid cells in vitro.

1987 • 20 citations

TNF-alpha reverses the disease-exacerbating effect of subcutaneous immunization against murine cutaneous leishmaniasis.

1991 • 20 citations

Recombinant human migration inhibitory factor has adjuvant activity.

1992 • 16 citations

Protective effect of isoprinosine in genetically susceptible BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major.

1991 • 15 citations

Mechanisms of immunity to leishmaniasis.

1980 • 15 citations

A soluble factor produced by inoculation of human monocytes with Leishmania donovani promastigotes suppresses IFN-gamma-dependent monocyte activation.

1990 • 15 citations

Th2 lymphocyte clone can activate macrophage antileishmanial defense by a lymphokine-independent mechanism in vitro and can augment parasite attrition in vivo

1991 • 14 citations

Acquired Macrophage Resistance to in Vitro Infection with Leishmania

1983 • 13 citations

Leishmania tropica: Protective response in C3H mice vaccinated with excreted factor crosslinked with the synthetic adjuvant, muramyl dipeptide

1984 • 13 citations

Subsets of specific T cells and experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis

1987 • 13 citations

Differential production of granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor by macrophages from mice susceptible and resistant to Leishmania mexicana amazonensis

1992 • 10 citations

Murine cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Comparative study on the capacity of macrophages from “Healer” and “Non-Healer” mouse strains to control L. tropica replication

1987 • 7 citations

Vβ gene repertoires in T cells expanded in local self‐healing and lethal systemic murine cutaneous leishmaniasis

1994 • 5 citations

Regulation of macrophage functions by macrophage deactivating factor, a tumor cell-derived cytokine

1992 • 4 citations

A Search for Cells Carrying the γ/δ T Cell Receptor in Mice Infected with Leishmania major

1991 • 3 citations

L3T4 T cells promoting susceptibility to murine cutaneous leishmaniasis express the surface marker Ly‐24 (Pgp‐1)

1989 • 3 citations

Treatment of Experimental Cutaneous and Visceral Murine Leishmaniasis with Recombinant Gamma-Interferon

1989 • 2 citations