Mature microglia resemble immature antigen-presenting cells

Natural killer cell stimulatory factor (interleukin 12 [IL-12]) induces T helper type 1 (Th1)-specific immune responses and inhibits the development of IL-4-producing Th cells.

1993 • 1,704 citations

The Cell Biology of Macrophage Activation

1984 • 1,623 citations

CD45: An Emerging Role as a Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Required for Lymphocyte Activation and Development

1994 • 733 citations

Isolation and direct characterization of resident microglial cells from the normal and inflamed central nervous system.

1991 • 675 citations

Antigen presentation and tumor cytotoxicity by interferon‐γ‐treated microglial cells

1987 • 648 citations

Selective development of CD4+ T cells in transgenic mice expressing a class II MHC-restricted antigen receptor

1989 • 646 citations

Normal adult ramified microglia separated from other central nervous system macrophages by flow cytometric sorting. Phenotypic differences defined and direct ex vivo antigen presentation to myelin basic protein-reactive CD4+ T cells compared.

1995 • 622 citations

Microglia in degenerative neurological disease

1993 • 594 citations

Naive versus memory CD4 T cell response to antigen. Memory cells are less dependent on accessory cell costimulation and can respond to many antigen-presenting cell types including resting B cells.

1994 • 498 citations

Langerhans' cells, veiled cells, and interdigitating cells in the mouse recognized by a monoclonal antibody.

1986 • 478 citations

Why do so many lymphocytes respond to major histocompatibility antigens?

1977 • 462 citations

TNF-alpha expression by resident microglia and infiltrating leukocytes in the central nervous system of mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Regulation by Th1 cytokines.

1995 • 401 citations

Microglia are the major cell type expressing MHC class II in human white matter

1987 • 302 citations

Expression of Ia antigen on perivascular and microglial cells after sublethal and lethal motor neuron injury

1989 • 289 citations

The central nervous system as an immunocompetent organ: role of glial cells in antigen presentation.

1996 • 230 citations

Modulation of CD4 antigen on macrophages and microglia in rat brain.

1987 • 229 citations

Radioautographic investigation of gliogenesis in the corpus callosum of young rats II. Origin of microglial cells

1978 • 228 citations

Detection of HLA-DR on microglia in the human brain is a function of both clinical and technical factors.

1990 • 207 citations

Interleukin‐6 and Transforming Growth Factor‐β1 mRNAs are Induced in Rat Facial Nucleus Following Motoneuron Axotomy

1993 • 205 citations

Use of carbon labeling to demonstrate the role of blood monocytes as precursors of the ‘ameboid cells’ present in the corpus callosum of postnatal rats

1980 • 176 citations

Antigen presentation in the central nervous system. The inhibitory effect of IL-10 on MHC class II expression and production of cytokines depends on the inducing signals and the type of cell analyzed.

1994 • 168 citations

B7/BB‐1 antigen expression on adult human microglia studied in vitro and in situ

1994 • 167 citations

Immune regulation by brain cells in the central nervous system: microglia but not astrocytes present myelin basic protein to encephalitogenic T cells under in vivo-mimicking conditions.

1992 • 160 citations

Costimulation and autoimmunity

1996 • 99 citations

Mouse microglial cell lines differing in constitutive and interferon-γ-inducible antigen-presenting activities for naive and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells

1995 • 92 citations

Induction of primary T cell responses by human glial cells

1993 • 77 citations

Microglial cells qualify as the stimulators of unprimed CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the central nervous system

1994 • 74 citations

Induction of oligodendrocyte differentiation by activators of adenylate cyclase

1990 • 73 citations

Appearance and distribution of fetal brain macrophages in mice

1985 • 73 citations

Neuron-microglia interactions in vitro

1996 • 71 citations

Transfer of neuropathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus with naturally infected microglia.

1995 • 65 citations

Antigen presentation by human fetal astrocytes with the cooperative effect of microglia or the microglial-derived cytokine IL-1

1995 • 62 citations

Microglia Present Myelin Antigens to T Cells after Phagocytosis of Oligodendrocytes

1993 • 60 citations

Microglial response to degeneration of serotonergic axon terminals

1994 • 60 citations

The Surface of Dendritic Cells in the Mouse as Studied with Monoclonal Antibodies

1990 • 47 citations

Differential expression of alternate mB7-2 transcripts.

1995 • 41 citations

Human microglia activate lymphoproliferative responses to recall viral antigens

1996 • 31 citations