Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and the Macular Pigment

Lycopene as the most efficient biological carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher

1989 • 2,238 citations

β-Carotene: an Unusual Type of Lipid Antioxidant

1984 • 2,147 citations

Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration. Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group

1994 • 1,170 citations

Antioxidant functions of carotenoids

1989 • 916 citations

Dietary Carotenoids, Vitamins A, C, and E, and Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration

1994 • 905 citations

In vivo fluorescence of the ocular fundus exhibits retinal pigment epithelium lipofuscin characteristics.

1995 • 887 citations

Evidence for protection against age-related macular degeneration by carotenoids and antioxidant vitamins

1995 • 804 citations

The Long-term Effects of Visible Light on the Eye

1992 • 571 citations

The lipofuscin fluorophore A2E mediates blue light-induced damage to retinal pigmented epithelial cells.

2000 • 566 citations

The macular pigment. II. Spatial distribution in primate retinas.

1984 • 530 citations

Identification, Quantification, and Relative Concentrations of Carotenoids and Their Metabolites in Human Milk and Serum

1997 • 526 citations

Analysis of the macular pigment by HPLC: retinal distribution and age study.

1988 • 522 citations

[38] Antioxidant effects of carotenoids in Vivo and in Vitro: An overview

1992 • 485 citations

A One Year Study of the Macular Pigment: The Effect of 140 Days of a Lutein Supplement

1997 • 459 citations

Preliminary identification of the human macular pigment

1985 • 458 citations

The macular pigment. I. Absorbance spectra, localization, and discrimination from other yellow pigments in primate retinas.

1984 • 432 citations

Chemistry of singlet oxygen. X. Carotenoid quenching parallels biological protection

1970 • 418 citations

Dietary modification of human macular pigment density.

1997 • 413 citations

Advances in pharmacology

1962 • 412 citations

Identification of lutein and zeaxanthin oxidation products in human and monkey retinas.

1997 • 411 citations

Sunlight and Age-Related Macular Degeneration

1993 • 397 citations

Distribution of Lutein and Zeaxanthin Stereoisomers in the Human Retina

1997 • 397 citations

Macular pigment and age related macular degeneration

1999 • 351 citations

Carotenoids in the human macula and whole retina.

1988 • 344 citations

A prospective study of carotenoid intake and risk of cataract extraction in US men

1999 • 342 citations

Eye-movements and visual perception

1973 • 336 citations

Correlations of Vitamin A and E Intakes with the Plasma Concentrations of Carotenoids and Tocopherols among American Men and Women

1992 • 335 citations

Relation among serum and tissue concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin and macular pigment density

2000 • 313 citations

Serum Antioxidants and Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Population-Based Case-Control Study

1995 • 295 citations

Photodamage to human RPE cells by A2-E, a retinoid component of lipofuscin.

2000 • 289 citations

A prospective study of carotenoid and vitamin A intakes and risk of cataract extraction in US women

1999 • 286 citations

Separation and identification of carotenoids and their oxidation products in the extracts of human plasma

1992 • 285 citations

Individual variations in the spatial profile of human macular pigment

1997 • 284 citations

Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in plasma after dietary supplementation with egg yolk

1999 • 269 citations

Influence of lutein supplementation on macular pigment, assessed with two objective techniques.

2000 • 268 citations

Retinol, alpha-tocopherol, lutein/zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene, and four retinyl esters in serum determined simultaneously by reversed-phase HPLC with multiwavelength detection

1994 • 256 citations

Human Serum Carotenoid Concentrations Are Related to Physiologic and Lifestyle Factors

1996 • 255 citations

Evolution of soft drusen in age-related macular degeneration

1994 • 251 citations

Optical density spectra of the macular pigmentin vivo andin vitro

1992 • 245 citations

Aging and human macular pigment density

1987 • 220 citations

Basic mechanisms underlying the production of photochemical lesions in the mammalian retina

1984 • 220 citations

Ocular Age Pigment “A2-E”: An Unprecedented Pyridinium Bisretinoid

1996 • 210 citations

Cigarette Smoking and Retinal Carotenoids: Implications for Age-related Macular Degeneration

1996 • 207 citations

Macular pigment optical density in a Southwestern sample.

2000 • 200 citations

Liquid chromatographic method for the determination of carotenoids, retinoids and tocopherols in human serum and in food

1993 • 194 citations

Sex Differences in Macular Pigment Optical Density:

1996 • 193 citations

Association of Zinc and Antioxidant Nutrients With Age-Related Maculopathy

1996 • 191 citations

Lutein and zeaxanthin are associated with photoreceptors in the human retina

1999 • 182 citations

The photochemistry of vision

1949 • 169 citations

Visual Pigments in Human and Monkey Retinas

1963 • 167 citations

Chemistry of carotenoid oxidation and free radical reactions

1999 • 166 citations

Diet and Nuclear Lens Opacities

1995 • 163 citations

Plasma Carotenoid Levels in Human Subjects Fed a Low Carotenoid Diet ,

1992 • 162 citations

Diet-related macular anomalies in monkeys.

1980 • 161 citations

Carotenoid pigments: their possible role in protecting against photooxidation in eyes and photoreceptor cells

1982 • 160 citations

Seasonal and sex-related variations in six serum carotenoids, retinol, and α-tocopherol

1994 • 155 citations

Preservation of visual sensitivity of older subjects: association with macular pigment density.

1998 • 152 citations

Advances in PHARMACOLOGY

2023 • 149 citations

Comparison of macular pigment densities in human eyes

1971 • 145 citations

The Pathology of Chloroquine Retinopathy

1964 • 142 citations

Epidemiology of Age-related Maculopathy

1995 • 141 citations

MACULAR YELLOW PIGMENT

1981 • 141 citations

Macular pigment and chromatic aberration

1974 • 139 citations

Structural and Geometrical Isomers of Carotenoids in Human Plasma

1990 • 139 citations

Raman detection of macular carotenoid pigments in intact human retina.

1998 • 137 citations

Distribution of individual macular pigment carotenoids in central retina of macaque and squirrel monkeys.

1991 • 137 citations

Laser Applications in Medicine and Biology

1989 • 134 citations

Iris Color and Macular Pigment Optical Density

1996 • 134 citations

The Family of Sunlight-Related Eye Diseases

1994 • 130 citations

Effect of polar carotenoids on the oxygen diffusion-concentration product in lipid bilayers. An EPR spin label study

1991 • 127 citations

Macular pigment in henle fiber membranes:A model for Haidinger's brushes

1984 • 125 citations

Essential fatty acids, plasma cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins in subjects with age-related maculopathy and matched control subjects

1993 • 117 citations

Retinal tubulin binds macular carotenoids.

1997 • 112 citations

Relationship between dietary intake and plasma concentrations of carotenoids in premenopausal women: application of the USDA-NCI carotenoid food-composition database

1994 • 111 citations

Short-wavelength-sensitive-cone sensitivity loss with aging: a protective role for macular pigment?

1988 • 108 citations

Central Sparing in Annular Macular Degeneration

1988 • 102 citations

Macular Phototoxicity Caused by Fiberoptic Endoillumination During Pars Plana Vitrectomy

1992 • 100 citations

Human macular pigment assessed by imaging fundus reflectometry

1989 • 100 citations

Plasma concentrations of carotenoids and antioxidant vitamins in Scottish males: influences of smoking.

1995 • 100 citations

Nutritional and environmental influences on the eye

1999 • 98 citations

Properties of the eye with respect to polarized light

1953 • 85 citations

Nutritional and Environmental Influences on the Eye

2000 • 85 citations

Changes in Carotenoid Intake in the United States

1997 • 77 citations

Macular pigment density in monozygotic twins.

1995 • 75 citations

Ueber das directe Erkennen des polarisirten Lichts und der Lage der Polarisationsebene

1844 • 73 citations

Geometrical Isomerization of Carotenoids Mediated by Cation Radical/Dication Formation

1996 • 71 citations

An ecological study of diet and lung cancer in the South Pacific

1995 • 71 citations

Canthaxanthin retinopathy

1987 • 68 citations

Carotenoid organization in membranes. Thermal transition and spectral properties of carotenoid-containing liposomes

1978 • 68 citations

Hematogenous photosensitization. A mechanism for the development of age-related macular degeneration.

1990 • 68 citations

Electrochemical and electron paramagnetic resonance studies of carotenoid cation radicals and dications: effect of deuteration

1990 • 58 citations

Canthaxanthin Retinopathy

1989 • 56 citations

Linear dichroism and orientational studies of carotenoid Langmuir-Blodgett films

1988 • 49 citations

Absolute Konfiguration von α‐Doradexanthin und von Fritschiellaxanthin, einem neuen Carotinoid aus Fritschiella tuberosa I<scp>YENG</scp>

1978 • 45 citations

The impact of lifestyle characteristics on carotenoid intake in the United States: the 1987 National Health Interview Survey.

1997 • 42 citations

Carotenoids in the human retina

1999 • 39 citations

Central sparing in annular macular degeneration

1988 • 32 citations

Separation of (3R, 3′ R)‐, (3R, 3′ S; meso)‐, (3S, 3′ S)‐ Zeaxanthin, (3R, 3′ R, 6′ R)‐, (3R, 3′ S, 6′ S)‐ and (3S, 3′ S, 6′ S)‐Lutein via the dicarbamates of (S)‐(+)‐α‐(1‐naphthyl) ethyl isocyanate

1983 • 28 citations

Age related macular degeneration: principles and practice

1996 • 25 citations

Occurrence of birefringent retinal inclusions in cynomolgus monkeys after high doses of canthaxanthin.

1997 • 25 citations

AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE

1992 • 25 citations

Der Lichtverlust in der Macula lutea und das Farbensehen von Deuteranomalen

1961 • 12 citations

Ueber complementäre Farbeneindrücke bei Beobachtung der Lichtpolarisationsbüschel

1846 • 7 citations

[Light loss in the macula lutea and color vision in deuteranopia].

1961 • 6 citations

Beobachtung der Lichtpolarisationsbüschel im geradlinig polarisirten Lichte

1846 • 5 citations

Beobachtung der Licht‐Polarisations‐Büschel auf Flächen, welche das Licht in zwei senkrecht auf einander stehenden Richtungen polarisiren

1846 • 3 citations