Modulation of memory by insulin and glucose: neuropsychological observations in Alzheimer's disease

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1993 • 8,888 citations

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1998 • 6,181 citations

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1992 • 5,156 citations

Glutamate uptake into astrocytes stimulates aerobic glycolysis: a mechanism coupling neuronal activity to glucose utilization.

1994 • 2,646 citations

Role of Brain Insulin Receptor in Control of Body Weight and Reproduction

2000 • 2,178 citations

Learning enhances adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal formation

1999 • 2,134 citations

Diabetes mellitus and the risk of dementia

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1996 • 1,298 citations

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2002 • 1,243 citations

Type 2 Diabetes, APOE Gene, and the Risk for Dementia and Related Pathologies

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Insulin receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system of the rat

1978 • 1,092 citations

Insulin-degrading Enzyme Regulates Extracellular Levels of Amyloid β-Protein by Degradation

1998 • 783 citations

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2000 • 745 citations

The Relationship between Aβ and Memory in the Tg2576 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

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Risk of Dementia among Persons with Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-based Cohort Study

1997 • 683 citations

Identification of insulin in rat brain.

1978 • 599 citations

Hierarchy of glycemic thresholds for counterregulatory hormone secretion, symptoms, and cerebral dysfunction

1991 • 559 citations

Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma insulin levels in Alzheimer's disease

1998 • 550 citations

Is Type II Diabetes Associated With an Increased Risk of Cognitive Dysfunction?: A critical review of published studies

1997 • 534 citations

Soluble oligomers of β amyloid (1-42) inhibit long-term potentiation but not long-term depression in rat dentate gyrus

2002 • 522 citations

Brain Insulin Receptors and Spatial Memory

1999 • 516 citations

Is Diabetes Associated With Cognitive Impairment and Cognitive Decline Among Older Women?

2000 • 512 citations

Memory improvement following induced hyperinsulinemia in alzheimer's disease

1996 • 495 citations

Recognition Memory and the Human Hippocampus

2003 • 488 citations

Saturable transport of insulin from plasma into the central nervous system of dogs in vivo. A mechanism for regulated insulin delivery to the brain.

1993 • 479 citations

Stimulation of β-Amyloid Precursor Protein Trafficking by Insulin Reduces Intraneuronal β-Amyloid and Requires Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling

2001 • 479 citations

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2000 • 478 citations

Delivery of Neurotrophic Factors to the Central Nervous System

2001 • 464 citations

Stability of the preclinical episodic memory deficit in Alzheimer's disease

2001 • 435 citations

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Neurogenesis in adulthood: a possible role in learning

1999 • 422 citations

Memory and MRI-based hippocampal volumes in aging and AD

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1991 • 386 citations

Alzheimer's β‐amyloid peptide specifically interacts with and is degraded by insulin degrading enzyme

1994 • 385 citations

Decreases in rat extracellular hippocampal glucose concentration associated with cognitive demand during a spatial task

2000 • 361 citations

Semantic Memory and the Human Hippocampus

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Intracerebroventricular insulin enhances memory in a passive-avoidance task

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Relationship Between Hyperglycemia and Cognitive Function in Older NIDDM Patients

1990 • 340 citations

Insulin in the Brain

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1997 • 335 citations

Reduced Hippocampal Insulin-Degrading Enzyme in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Is Associated with the Apolipoprotein E-ε4 Allele

2003 • 321 citations

Enhancement of Memory in Alzheimer Disease With Insulin and Somatostatin, but Not Glucose

1999 • 315 citations

Does insulin dysfunction play a role in Alzheimer's disease?

2002 • 315 citations

Hippocampal acetylcholine release during memory testing in rats: augmentation by glucose.

1996 • 313 citations

Transport of Insulin Across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Saturability at Euglycemic Doses of Insulin

1997 • 312 citations

Improving Influence of Insulin on Cognitive Functions in Humans

2001 • 309 citations

Insulin promotes rapid delivery of N -methyl- <scp>d</scp> - aspartate receptors to the cell surface by exocytosis

2001 • 300 citations

Decreased cognitive function in aging non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients

1984 • 297 citations

Glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinaemia and cognitive function in a general population of elderly men

1995 • 266 citations

Insulin increases CSF Aβ42 levels in normal older adults

2003 • 260 citations

Insulin dose–response effects on memory and plasma amyloid precursor protein in Alzheimer’s disease: interactions with apolipoprotein E genotype

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Functional Neurobiology of Aging

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Glucose enhancement of performance of memory tests in young and aged humans

1989 • 243 citations

Verbal Learning and/or Memory Improves with Glycemic Control in Older Subjects with Non‐Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

1993 • 242 citations

Blood-Brain Glucose Transfer: Repression in Chronic Hyperglycemia

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GLUTX1, a Novel Mammalian Glucose Transporter Expressed in the Central Nervous System and Insulin-sensitive Tissues

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Blood glucose influences memory and attention in young adults

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The Effect of Improved Glycemic Control on Cognitive Functions in the Elderly Patient With Diabetes

1993 • 224 citations

Memory impairments associated with hippocampal versus parahippocampal-gyrus atrophy: an MR volumetry study in Alzheimer’s disease

1998 • 216 citations

β-Amyloid-(1–42) Impairs Activity-dependent cAMP-response Element-binding Protein Signaling in Neurons at Concentrations in Which Cell Survival Is Not Compromised

2001 • 211 citations

Glucose enhancement of memory in patients with probable senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type

1993 • 207 citations

Fluctuations in Brain Glucose Concentration during Behavioral Testing: Dissociations between Brain Areas and between Brain and Blood

2001 • 200 citations

Insulin Effects on Glucose Metabolism, Memory, and Plasma Amyloid Precursor Protein in Alzheimer's Disease Differ According to Apolipoprotein‐E Genotype

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Why is learning and memory dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes limited to older adults?

2000 • 188 citations

Glucose and memory in mild senile dementia of the alzheimer type

1992 • 188 citations

Cognitive Function in an Elderly Population With Persistent Impaired Glucose Tolerance

1998 • 187 citations

GLUT4 glucose transporter expression in rodent brain: effect of diabetes

1998 • 185 citations

Central nervous system effects of intranasally administered insulin during euglycemia in men.

1999 • 185 citations

Degradation of Alzheimer's beta-amyloid protein by human and rat brain peptidases: involvement of insulin-degrading enzyme.

1997 • 180 citations

Effects of hyperglycemia on memory and hormone levels in dementia of the Alzheimer type: A longitudinal study.

1993 • 179 citations

Glucose enhancement of memory in elderly humans: An inverted-U dose-response curve

1992 • 178 citations

Insulin inhibits pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices

1984 • 176 citations

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Insulin-sensitive GLUT4 glucose transporters are colocalized with GLUT3-expressing cells and demonstrate a chemically distinct neuron-specific localization in rat brain

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Insulin-degrading enzyme.

1996 • 167 citations

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Blood glucose and human memory

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A Disturbance in the Neuronal Insulin Receptor Signal Transduction in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease

1999 • 154 citations

Insulin Metabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease Differs According to Apolipoprotein E Genotype and Gender

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The Risk of Dementia among Persons with Diabetes Mellitus: A Population‐Based Cohort Study^a

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Immunological Analysis of Glucose Transporters Expressed in Different Regions of the Rat Brain and Central Nervous System

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THE NATURAL HISTORY OF TYPE 2 DIABETES

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Effects of hyperglycemia on memory and hormone levels in dementia of the Alzheimer type: A longitudinal study.

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Glucose and memory: fractionation of enhancement effects?

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Glycemic Control and Neuropsychologic Function during Hypoglycemia in Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

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Effects of repeated hypoglycemia on cognitive function: a psychometrically validated reanalysis of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial data.

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Hyperinsulinaemia and Alzheimer's Disease

1994 • 122 citations

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Effects of Posttraining Administration of Glucose on Retention of a Habituation Response in Mice: Participation of a Central Cholinergic Mechanism

1996 • 116 citations

Localization and regulation of GLUTx1 glucose transporter in the hippocampus of streptozotocin diabetic rats

2001 • 111 citations

NMDA receptor subunits are modified transcriptionally and post-translationally in the brain of streptozotocin-diabetic rats

1999 • 108 citations

Diabetes downregulates GLUT1 expression in the retina and its microvessels but not in the cerebral cortex or its microvessels.

2000 • 108 citations

Cerebral neurogenesis is induced by intranasal administration of growth factors

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Diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and apolipoprotein genotype

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Memory enhancement with posttraining intraventricular glucose injections in rats.

1988 • 92 citations

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1988 • 91 citations

Cognitive function in elderly non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients before and after inpatient treatment for metabolic control

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Inhibition of the Neuronal Insulin Receptor Causes Alzheimer‐like Disturbances in Oxidative/Energy Brain Metabolism and in Behavior in Adult Rats

1999 • 87 citations

The effect of retrograde and anterograde glucose administration on memory performance in healthy young adults

2002 • 86 citations

Inhibition of the Neuronal Insulin Receptor An in Vivo Model for Sporadic Alzheimer Disease?

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Glucose enhancement of 24-h memory retrieval in healthy elderly humans

1998 • 85 citations

Memory enhancement with posttraining intraventricular glucose injections in rats.

1988 • 83 citations

Glucose Treatment Attenuates Spatial Learning and Memory Deficits of Aged Rats on Tests of Hippocampal Function

1998 • 83 citations

Effect of glucose, glucose regulation, and word imagery value on human memory.

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Object Recognition in Mice: Improvement of Memory by Glucose

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Type II Diabetes and Cognitive Function: A population-based study of Native Americans

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Effects of Posttraining Administration of Insulin on Retention of a Habituation Response in Mice: Participation of a Central Cholinergic Mechanism

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Effect of Combinations of Insulin, Glucose and Scopolamine on Radial Arm Maze Performance

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Glucose attenuates the effect of combined muscarinic-nicotinic receptor blockade on spontaneous alternation

1994 • 39 citations

The Impairment of Retention Induced by Insulin in Mice May Be Mediated by a Reduction in Central Cholinergic Activity

1995 • 34 citations

Intracerebroventricular administration of insulin attenuates retrieval of a passive avoidance response in rats

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Glucose effects on cognition in adults with Down's syndrome.

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Homeostatic disruption and memory: effect of insulin administration in rats

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AF-DX 116, a Presynaptic Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist, Potentiates the Effects of Glucose and Reverses the Effects of Insulin on Memory

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Glucose attenuation of atropine-induced deficits in paradoxical sleep and memory

1995 • 28 citations

Pretest administration of glucose attenuates infantile amnesia for passive avoidance conditioning in rats

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Glucose increases hippocampal extracellular acetylcholine levels upon activation of septal GABA receptors

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Effects of glucose on responsiveness to change in young adult and middle-aged rats

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Glucose metabolism in cholinoceptive cortical ratbrain regions after basal forebrain cholinergic lesion

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Effect of Hypoglycemia on T-Maze Learning in Rats

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Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Systems in the Primate Central Nervous System: Anatomy, Connectivity, Neurochemistry, Aging, Dementia, and Experimental Therapeutics

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Sex-related glucose effects on responsiveness to brightness change in middle-aged rats

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Effects of Glucose on Scopolamine-Induced Learning Deficits in Rats Performing the Morris Water Maze Task

2000 • 12 citations

The absence of effect of glucose on memory is associated with low susceptibility to the amnestic effects of scopolamine in a strain of mice

1998 • 10 citations

Intracerebroventricular infusion of insulin alters the behavior of rats not related to food intake.

1986 • 5 citations