Insulin receptors and insulin action in the brain: review and clinical implications

Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Their Binding Proteins: Biological Actions*

1995 • 4,419 citations

Human insulin receptor and its relationship to the tyrosine kinase family of oncogenes

1985 • 2,257 citations

Basic and Clinical Pharmacology

1982 • 2,009 citations

Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: biological actions

1995 • 1,976 citations

Facilitative glucose transporters

1994 • 1,103 citations

Insulin receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system of the rat

1978 • 1,092 citations

Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of insulin reduces food intake and body weight of baboons

1979 • 1,089 citations

Molecular cloning and characterization of an insulin-regulatable glucose transporter

1989 • 919 citations

Insulin-like growth factor II receptor as a multifunctional binding protein

1987 • 858 citations

Neuropeptide Y chronically injected into the hypothalamus: A powerful neurochemical inducer of hyperphagia and obesity

1986 • 856 citations

Molecular Biology of Mammalian Glucose Transporters

1990 • 852 citations

Cloning and functional expression in bacteria of a novel glucose transporter present in liver, intestine, kidney, and β-pancreatic islet cells

1988 • 786 citations

Insulin in the Brain: A Hormonal Regulator of Energy Balance*

1992 • 784 citations

The glucose transporter family: structure, function and tissue-specific expression

1993 • 773 citations

Basic and Clinical Pharmacology

1991 • 679 citations

Neuropeptide Y secretion increases in the paraventricular nucleus in association with increased appetite for food.

1991 • 678 citations

Identification of insulin in rat brain.

1978 • 599 citations

Fructose transporter in human spermatozoa and small intestine is GLUT5.

1992 • 527 citations

Mitochondrial glutamate acts as a messenger in glucose-induced insulin exocytosis

1999 • 501 citations

Memory improvement following induced hyperinsulinemia in alzheimer's disease

1996 • 495 citations

Intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin causes long-term diminutions in learning and memory abilities and in cerebral energy metabolism in adult rats.

1998 • 482 citations

Saturable transport of insulin from plasma into the central nervous system of dogs in vivo. A mechanism for regulated insulin delivery to the brain.

1993 • 479 citations

Structure and function of mammalian facilitative sugar transporters.

1993 • 465 citations

Receptor-Mediated Transport of Insulin Across Endothelial Cells

1985 • 462 citations

Cerebral metabolism and atrophy in huntington's disease determined by ¹⁸FDG and computed tomographic scan

1982 • 449 citations

Glucose transporter protein content and glucose transport capacity in rat skeletal muscles

1990 • 449 citations

Decreased concentrations of GLUT1 and GLUT3 glucose transporters in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease

1994 • 448 citations

Localization of insulin receptor mRNA in rat brain by in situ hybridization

1990 • 442 citations

Evidence for a family of human glucose transporter-like proteins. Sequence and gene localization of a protein expressed in fetal skeletal muscle and other tissues.

1988 • 428 citations

Sequence, tissue distribution, and chromosomal localization of mRNA encoding a human glucose transporter-like protein.

1988 • 426 citations

Autoradiographic localization of insulin receptors in rat brain: Prominence in olfactory and limbic areas

1986 • 416 citations

Neuropeptide Y potentiates the effect of various vasoconstrictor agents on rabbit blood vessels

1984 • 396 citations

Human facilitative glucose transporters. Isolation, functional characterization, and gene localization of cDNAs encoding an isoform (GLUT5) expressed in small intestine, kidney, muscle, and adipose tissue and an unusual glucose transporter pseudogene-like sequence (GLUT6).

1990 • 389 citations

Insulin in the Brain

1987 • 340 citations

The Insulin Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Substrate p58/53 and the Insulin Receptor Are Components of CNS Synapses

1999 • 326 citations

Cell surface labeling of glucose transporter isoform GLUT4 by bis-mannose photolabel. Correlation with stimulation of glucose transport in rat adipose cells by insulin and phorbol ester.

1990 • 325 citations

Insulin-regulated Glucose Uptake in Rat Adipocytes Is Mediated by Two Transporter Isoforms Present in at Least Two Vesicle Populations

1989 • 321 citations

Localization and Characterization of Insulin Receptors in Rat Brain and Pituitary Gland Usingin VitroAutoradiography and Computerized Densitometry*

1987 • 319 citations

Enhancement of Memory in Alzheimer Disease With Insulin and Somatostatin, but Not Glucose

1999 • 315 citations

Differential Permeability of the Blood–Brain Barrier to Two Pancreatic Peptides: Insulin and Amylin

1998 • 313 citations

Increased Hypothalamic Content of Preproneuropeptide Y Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Genetically Obese Zucker Rats and Its Regulation by Food Deprivation*

1990 • 312 citations

The IRS-1 signaling system

1994 • 310 citations

Receptor-Mediated Peptide Transport through the Blood-Brain Barrier*

1986 • 309 citations

Reduced Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Asymptomatic Subjects at Risk for Huntington's Disease

1987 • 309 citations

Expression of human glucose transporters in Xenopus oocytes: kinetic characterization and substrate specificities of the erythrocyte, liver, and brain isoforms

1991 • 298 citations

Blood—Brain Barrier Glucose Transporter

1999 • 298 citations

Psychiatric Illness in Diabetes Mellitus

1986 • 294 citations

Neuropeptide Y and peptide YY neuronal and endocrine systems

1985 • 284 citations

Insulin in the Cerebrospinal Fluid

1967 • 283 citations

Liver glucose transporter: a basolateral protein in hepatocytes and intestine and kidney cells

1990 • 281 citations

Mammalian passive glucose transporters: members of an ubiquitous family of active and passive transport proteins

1993 • 279 citations

Purified hybrid insulin/insulin-like growth factor-I receptors bind insulin-like growth factor-I, but not insulin, with high affinity

1993 • 271 citations

Glucose transporter expression in brain. cDNA sequence of mouse GLUT3, the brain facilitative glucose transporter isoform, and identification of sites of expression by in situ hybridization.

1992 • 265 citations

Is sporadic Alzheimer disease the brain type of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus? A challenging hypothesis

1998 • 260 citations

Diabetic Hyperglycemia: Link to Impaired Glucose Transport in Pancreatic β Cells

1991 • 260 citations

Insulin binds to specific receptors and stimulates 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in cultured glial cells from rat brain.

1984 • 255 citations

Glucose, memory, and aging

1998 • 255 citations

Interactions of Insulin-Like Growth Factors I and II and Multiplication-Stimulating Activity with Receptors and Serum Carrier Proteins

1980 • 254 citations

Receptors for Insulin-like Growth Factors I and II: Autoradiographic Localization in Rat Brain and Comparison to Receptors for Insulin*

1988 • 252 citations

Abundance, localization, and insulin-induced translocation of glucose transporters in red and white muscle

1992 • 243 citations

Differential responsiveness to insulin of endothelial and support cells from micro- and macrovessels.

1983 • 234 citations

Intraventricular insulin reduces food intake and body weight of lean but not obese zucker rats

1986 • 230 citations

Prevalence of Major Depression, Simple Phobia, and Other Psychiatric Disorders in Patients With Long-standing Type I Diabetes Mellitus

1988 • 224 citations

Relationship between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid insulin levels of dogs.

1977 • 216 citations

Glucose sensing in pancreatic islet beta cells: the key role of glucokinase and the glycolytic intermediates.

1993 • 209 citations

Quantitative autoradiographic localization of [¹²⁵I]insulin‐like growth factor I, [¹²⁵I]insulin‐like growth factor II, and [¹²⁵I]insulin receptor binding sites in developing and adult rat brain

1993 • 207 citations

Glucose enhancement of memory in patients with probable senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type

1993 • 207 citations

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors in the nervous system

1989 • 207 citations

The cellular and physiological actions of insulin in the central nervous system

1993 • 206 citations

Psychological and Social Correlates of Glycemic Control

1984 • 205 citations

Insulin receptors and insulin modulation of norepinephrine uptake in neuronal cultures from rat brain.

1985 • 195 citations

Glucose and memory in mild senile dementia of the alzheimer type

1992 • 188 citations

Kinetics and specificity of insulin uptake from plasma into cerebrospinal fluid.

1990 • 188 citations

Human intestinal glucose transporter expression and localization of GLUT5

1992 • 186 citations

Evidence for entry of plasma insulin into cerebrospinal fluid through an intermediate compartment in dogs. Quantitative aspects and implications for transport.

1991 • 183 citations

An infant with deletion of the distal long arm of chromosome 15 (q26.1→qter) and loss of insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor gene

1991 • 179 citations

Effects of hyperglycemia on memory and hormone levels in dementia of the Alzheimer type: A longitudinal study.

1993 • 179 citations

Downregulation of Blood-Brain Barrier Glucose Transporter in Experimental Diabetes

1990 • 177 citations

INCREASED FREQUENCY OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN PATIENTS WITH HUNTINGTON'S CHOREA

1972 • 175 citations

Tracking Insulin to the Mind

1998 • 171 citations

IDDM Is a Risk Factor for Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders

1993 • 170 citations

Sequence, tissue distribution, and functional characterization of the rat fructose transporter GLUT5

1993 • 166 citations

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF HEXOSE TRANSPORTERS

1991 • 165 citations

Metering of intravenous versus oral nutrients and regulation of energy balance

1976 • 165 citations

Glucose transporter gene expression in early mouse embryos

1991 • 163 citations

Erythrocyte/HEPG2-type glucose transporter is concentrated in cells of blood-tissue barriers

1990 • 162 citations

Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) in obese Zucker rats: Implications in feeding and sexual behaviors

1990 • 158 citations

No effect of insulin on glucose blood-brain barrier transport and cerebral metabolism in humans.

1999 • 157 citations

Increased feeding in response to bilateral injection of insulin antibodies in the VMH

1977 • 157 citations

Loss of insulin receptor immunoreactivity from the substantia nigra pars compacta neurons in Parkinson's disease

1994 • 150 citations

Immunological Analysis of Glucose Transporters Expressed in Different Regions of the Rat Brain and Central Nervous System

1993 • 148 citations

Effects of hyperglycemia on memory and hormone levels in dementia of the Alzheimer type: A longitudinal study.

1993 • 145 citations

Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Parkinson's Disease With and Without Dementia

1992 • 141 citations

Differential regulation of two distinct glucose transporter species expressed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: effect of chronic insulin and tolbutamide treatment.

1989 • 139 citations

Changes in Blood Glucose and Insulin Secretion in Patients with Senile Dementia of Alzheimer Type

1983 • 139 citations

Patterns of cerebral glucose utilization in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease

1984 • 137 citations

Glucose-dependent regulation of glucose transport activity, protein, and mRNA in primary cultures of rat brain glial cells.

1988 • 136 citations

Differential localization of two glucose transporter isoforms in rat kidney

1990 • 134 citations

Cloning and expression of a hepatic microsomal glucose transport protein. Comparison with liver plasma-membrane glucose-transport protein GLUT 2

1992 • 130 citations

Neuropeptide-Y Concentration in Microdissected Hypothalamic Regions andin VitroRelease from the Medial Basal Hypothalamus-Preoptic Area of Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats with and without Insulin Substitution Therapy*

1990 • 128 citations

Towards Understanding the Role of Insulin in the Brain: Lessons from Insulin-related Signaling Systems in the Invertebrate Brain

1998 • 127 citations

Molecular and Cellular Physiology of GLUT-2, a High-KmFacilitated Diffusion Glucose Transporter

1992 • 125 citations

Insulin receptor mRNA in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease

1996 • 124 citations

Hyperinsulinaemia and Alzheimer's Disease

1994 • 122 citations

Regulation of Rat Brain/HepG2 Glucose Transporter Gene Expression by Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in Primary Cultures of Neuronal and Glial Cells*

1989 • 122 citations

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptors in the human brain: quantitative autoradiographic localization

1989 • 122 citations

Developmental expression and cellular localization of glucose transporter molecules during mouse preimplantation development

1992 • 111 citations

Increased insulin levels after OGTT load in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia of Alzheimer type

1991 • 110 citations

Effects of chronic intrahypothalamic infusion of insulin on food intake and diurnal meal patterning in the rat.

1990 • 109 citations

Gut-islet endocrinology-some evolutionary aspects.

1980 • 108 citations

Transdominant inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity in mutant insulin/insulin-like growth factor I hybrid receptors.

1991 • 103 citations

The Myth of the Diabetic Personality

1981 • 102 citations

Coated vesicles participate in the receptor-mediated endocytosis of insulin.

1983 • 101 citations

Desensitization of brain insulin receptor Effect on glucose/energy and related metabolism

1994 • 100 citations

Functional Alterations in Alzheimerʼs Disease

1995 • 99 citations

Quantitative Autoradiographic Evidence for Insulin Receptors in the Choroid Plexus of the Rat Brain

1986 • 98 citations

Human Small Intestine Facilitative Fructose/Glucose Transporter (GLUT5) Is Also Present in Insulin-Responsive Tissues and Brain: Investigation of Biochemical Characteristics and Translocation

1992 • 97 citations

Insulin Binding in Four Regions of the Developing Rat Brain

1984 • 96 citations

Insulin-producing cells in the gut of freshwater bivalve molluscs Anodonta cygnea and Unio pictorum and the role of insulin in the regulation of their carbohydrate metabolism

1978 • 96 citations

Insulin and the paraventricular hypothalamus: modulation of energy balance

1991 • 96 citations

Insulin Synthesis by Isolated Rabbit Neurons*

1988 • 93 citations

Preproinsulin I and II mRNAs and insulin electron microscopic immunoreaction are present within the rat fetal nervous system

1996 • 92 citations

Processing of Insulin by Bovine Endothelial Cells in Culture: Internalization Without Degradation

1984 • 90 citations

Abnormal Glucose Tolerance and Arginine Tolerance Tests in Huntington’s Disease

1977 • 89 citations

Expression and localization of GLUT-5 in Caco-2 cells, human small intestine, and colon

1992 • 85 citations

Evidence for an insulin-sensitive receptor in the central nervous system

1972 • 85 citations

Partial purification and characterization of an insulin-like material from spinach and Lemna gibba G3.

1987 • 84 citations

Jejunal/kidney glucose transporter isoform (Glut-5) is expressed in the human blood-brain barrier.

1993 • 83 citations

Radiohistochemical localization of insulin receptors in the adult and developing rat brain

1980 • 83 citations

Insulin in Invertebrates and Cyclostomes

1973 • 83 citations

Adrenalectomy decreases neuropeptide Y mRNA levels in the arcuate nucleus

1990 • 82 citations

Glucose Metabolism in Unipolar Depression

1978 • 78 citations

Depression and Diabetes

1988 • 77 citations

Insulin signalling: the role of insulin receptor substrate 1

1994 • 76 citations

Developmental regulation of insulin in the mammalian central nervous system

1992 • 76 citations

Receptor aggregation is necessary for activation of the soluble insulin receptor kinase.

1986 • 76 citations

The early intracellular signaling pathway for the insulin/insulin-like growth factor receptor family in the mammalian central nervous system

1996 • 75 citations

Glucose intolerance, cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease

1998 • 73 citations

Elevated insulin and satiety in obese and normal-weight rats

1982 • 71 citations

Insulin assays and light microscopical studies of digestive organs in protostomian and deuterostomian species and in coelenterates

1971 • 71 citations

Hypothalamic Neuropepitide Y, Galanin, and Amines Concepts of Coexistence in Relation to Feeding Behaviora

1989 • 66 citations

Effects of insulin and tunicamycin on neuronal insulin receptors in culture

1983 • 66 citations

Localization of CNS glucoregulatory insulin receptors within the ventromedial hypothalamus

1975 • 61 citations

Psychiatric disorders and diabetes— results from a community study

1989 • 59 citations

Glucose transporters (GLUTs 1–4) and their mRNAs in regions of the rat brain: insulin-sensitive transporter expression in the cerebellum

1994 • 58 citations

Increased neuropeptide Y content in the arcuato-paraventricular hypothalamic neuronal system in both insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetic rats

1991 • 56 citations

Altered regulation of brain glucose metabolism as a cause of neurodegenerative disorders?

1995 • 56 citations

Insulin and Neuroparsin Promote Neurite Outgrowth in Cultured Locust CNS

1990 • 55 citations

Biochemical and immunocytochemical localization of the ‘GLUT5 glucose transporter’ in human skeletal muscle

1992 • 55 citations

Glucose Transporter Isoform Expression in Huntington's Disease Brain

1994 • 54 citations

The Relationship Between Psychological Factors and Blood Glucose Regulation in Insulki-dependent Diabetic Adolescents

1981 • 54 citations

Hypothalamic GLUT 4 expression: a glucose- and insulin-sensing mechanism?

1995 • 54 citations

Expression of the brain-type glucose transporter is restricted to brain and neuronal cells in mice

1992 • 51 citations

Insulin and insulin mRNA are detected in neuronal cell cultures maintained in an insulin-free/serum-free medium.

1990 • 50 citations

Effects of Insulin on Cultured Rat Brain Cells: Stimulation of Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity

1981 • 49 citations

Vascular transport of insulin to rat cardiac muscle. Central role of the capillary endothelium.

1988 • 48 citations

Altered growth hormone release in Huntington's chorea.

1976 • 46 citations

Adult-level insulin binding is present in term fetal rat CNS membranes

1982 • 45 citations

Models of Alzheimer’s disease: cellular and molecular aspects

1997 • 45 citations

STARFISH INSULIN

1965 • 45 citations

A beautiful mind : a biography of John Forbes Nash, Jr., winner of the Nobel Prize in economics, 1994

1998 • 44 citations

Depression and Diabetes

1993 • 44 citations

Downregulation of blood-brain barrier glucose transporter in experimental diabetes

1990 • 43 citations

Insulin Receptors Mediate Growth Effects in Cultured Fetal Neurons. II. Activation of a Protein Kinase that Phosphorylates Ribosomal Protein S6*

1989 • 43 citations

Development of Receptors for Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in Head and Brain of Chick Embryos: Autoradiographic Localization*

1989 • 41 citations

Single-Molecule Imaging of Human Insulin Receptor Ectodomain and Its Fab Complexes

1999 • 41 citations

Quantitative autoradiographic evidence for insulin receptors in the choroid plexus of the rat brain

1986 • 37 citations

On the ultrastructure of polypeptide hormone-producing cells in the gut of the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis L. and the Bivalve, Mytilus edulis L.

1977 • 37 citations

Ontogenesis of insulin receptors in human cerebral cortex

1991 • 36 citations

GLUT4 facilitates insulin stimulation and cAMP-mediated inhibition of glucose transport.

1992 • 34 citations

Differential expression of rat pancreatic islet Beta-cell glucose transporter (GLUT 2), proinsulin and islet amyloid polypeptide genes after prolonged fasting, insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and dexamethasone treatment

1992 • 32 citations

Insulin Binding to Brain Microvessels

1983 • 31 citations

A proton NMR study of the mechanism of the erythrocyte glucose transporter.

1986 • 26 citations

Peripheral glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in Alzheimer's disease

1993 • 26 citations

Human small intestine facilitative fructose/glucose transporter (GLUT5) is also present in insulin-responsive tissues and brain. Investigation of biochemical characteristics and translocation

1992 • 25 citations

Processing of insulin by bovine endothelial cells in culture. Internalization without degradation

1984 • 24 citations

Development of brain insulin receptors

1988 • 23 citations

Preliminary characterization of bovine pineal prolactin releasing (PPRF) and release-inhibiting factor (PPIF) activity

1979 • 23 citations

Differential localization of two glucose transporter iso-forms in rat kidney Thorens B, Lodish HF, Brown D. Am J Physiol 1990;259:C268–C294

1991 • 21 citations

Identification, purification and genetic deficiencies of the glucose-6-phosphatase system transport proteins

1993 • 20 citations

Jejunal/kidney glucose transporter isoform (Glut-5) is expressed in the human blood-brain barrier

1993 • 20 citations

The estrogen connection: The etiological relationship between diabetes, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and psychiatric disorders

1995 • 19 citations

Fettsäuremuster der Plasmalipide, Insulin- und HGH-Sekretion bei Huntingtonscher Chorea

1976 • 19 citations

Glucose transport by cultured human fibroblasts: regulation by phorbol esters and insulin

1992 • 18 citations

DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND THE GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST AND INSULIN TOLERANCE TEST

1975 • 18 citations

The role of brain insulin in the neurophysiology of serious mental disorders: review

1999 • 15 citations

Interleukin-1β: A common cause of alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus

1995 • 15 citations

Developmental Regulation of the Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptors in the Central Nervous System

1993 • 11 citations

Insulin Downregulates Alpha-2 Adrenergic Receptors in Cultured Glial Cells

1987 • 10 citations

Causes and Consequences of Neuronal Energy Deficit in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease

1997 • 8 citations

Receptor binding and internalization of biosynthetic human insulin in isolated rat hepatocytes

1982 • 5 citations

New Vistas in Chronic Schizophrenia

1988 • 3 citations