Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Relationships For Benzodiazepines

What is synergy?

1989 • 1,315 citations

Simultaneous modeling of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: Application to d‐tubocurarine

1979 • 1,136 citations

Comparison of four basic models of indirect pharmacodynamic responses

1993 • 780 citations

Benzodiazepines: use, abuse, and consequences.

1992 • 548 citations

Kinetics of pharmacologic response

1982 • 508 citations

Physiologic indirect response models characterize diverse types of pharmacodynamic effects

1994 • 344 citations

Sensitivity to Triazolam in the Elderly

1991 • 261 citations

Triazolam biotransformation by human liver microsomes in vitro: effects of metabolic inhibitors and clinical confirmation of a predicted interaction with ketoconazole.

1996 • 220 citations

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the central nervous system effects of midazolam and its main metabolite α-hydroxymidazolam in healthy volunteers

1992 • 214 citations

Clinical Pharmacology in Psychiatry

1981 • 198 citations

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Anxiolytics and Hypnotics in the Elderly

1991 • 177 citations

Pharmacokinetic and electroencephalographic study of intravenous diazepam, midazolam, and placebo

1989 • 166 citations

Pharmacodynamic model of tolerance: application to nicotine.

1988 • 161 citations

Driving performance under the influence of drugs: rationale for, and application of, a new test.

1984 • 160 citations

Reduced Benzodiazepine Sensitivity in Panic Disorder

1990 • 157 citations

Simultaneous Modeling of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics with a Nonparametric Pharmacodynamic Model

1984 • 143 citations

The American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Psychopharmacology

1995 • 142 citations

Electroencephalographic effects of benzodiazepines. II. Pharmacodynamic modeling of the electroencephalographic effects of midazolam and diazepam

1990 • 138 citations

mechanism of the excessive sedative response of cirrhotics to benzodiazepines: Model experiments with triazolam

1987 • 136 citations

Electroencephalogram Effect Measures and Relationships Between Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Centrally Acting Drugs

1992 • 127 citations

Adjusting for differential base rates: Lord's Paradox again.

1991 • 125 citations

Clinical Uses of Benzodiazepines

1993 • 122 citations

Aging Increases Pharmacodynamic Sensitivity to the Hypnotic Effects of Midazolam

1995 • 121 citations

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alprazolam after oral and IV administration

1984 • 113 citations

Benzodiazepine Sensitivity in Normal Human Subjects

1986 • 112 citations

Relationship between plasma concentration and effect of midazolam after oral and intravenous administration.

1983 • 112 citations

A comparison of the sensitivities of adaptive tracking, eye movement analysis, and visual analog lines to the effects of incremental doses of temazepam in healthy volunteers

1991 • 111 citations

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the electroencephalographic effects of benzodiazepines. Correlation with receptor binding and anticonvulsant activity.

1991 • 110 citations

The relationship between peak velocity of saccadic eye movements and serum benzodiazepine concentration.

1981 • 105 citations

Adjusting for baseline: Chamge or percentage change

1992 • 99 citations

Simultaneous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling

1981 • 97 citations

Relation of sedation and amnesia to plasma concentrations of midazolam in surgical patients

1988 • 97 citations

Kinetic and dynamic study of intravenous lorazepam: comparison with intravenous diazepam.

1989 • 95 citations

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral diazepam: Effect of dose, plasma concentration, and time

1992 • 93 citations

Benzodiazepine receptor occupancy in vivo: correlation with brain concentrations and pharmacodynamic actions.

1987 • 91 citations

Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lorazepam, alprazolam and diazepam

1985 • 85 citations

Mechanism-based pharmacodynamic modeling

1994 • 83 citations

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of CNS drug effects: An overview

1988 • 83 citations

Pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic modelling of the EEG effects of midazolam in individual rats: influence of rate and route of administration

1991 • 83 citations

Pharmacokinetic Determinants of Dynamic Differences Among Three Benzodiazepine Hypnotics

1989 • 80 citations

Influence of dosing regimen on alprazolam and metabolite serum concentrations and tolerance to sedative and psychomotor effects

1987 • 76 citations

Differences in intrinsic efficacy of benzodiazepines are reflected in their concentration‐EEG effect relationship

1992 • 73 citations

Diazepam actions and plasma concentrations following ethanol ingestion

1977 • 73 citations

Plasma concentrations of benzodiazepines.

1977 • 69 citations

Respiratory and cardiovascular effects in relation to plasma levels of midazolam and diazepam.

1988 • 68 citations

Simultaneous modeling of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam and diazepam

1995 • 67 citations

Benzodiazepine concentrations in brain directly reflect receptor occupancy: studies of diazepam, lorazepam, and oxazepam

1990 • 66 citations

Modeling of tolerance development and rebound effect during different intravenous administrations of morphine to rats.

1993 • 63 citations

Quantification of the EEG Effect of Midazolam by Aperiodic Analysis in Volunteers

1990 • 63 citations

Plasma concentrations of diazepam and of its metabolite N‐desmethyldiazepam in relation to anxiolytic effect

1974 • 62 citations

Distinguishing a benzodiazepine agonist (triazolam) from a nonagonist anxiolytic (buspirone) by electroencephalography: Kinetic-dynamic studies

1994 • 57 citations

Profile of acute tolerance to three sedative anxiolytics

1983 • 56 citations

Tolerance to alprazolam after intravenous bolus and continuous infusion: Psychomotor and EEG effects

1988 • 56 citations

Blood levels and electroencephalographic effects of diazepam and bromazepam

1976 • 54 citations

Kinetic and dynamic components of increased benzodiazepine sensitivity in aging animals.

1990 • 54 citations

The use of kinetic-dynamic interactions in the evaluation of drugs

1990 • 52 citations

Orally Administered Progesterone Enhances Sensitivity to Triazolam in Postmenopausal Women

1995 • 51 citations

Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Effects of Alprazolam Following Single and Multiple Oral Doses in Patients With Panic Disorder

1986 • 50 citations

In vivo characterization of the pharmacodynamic interaction of a benzodiazepine agonist and antagonist: midazolam and flumazenil.

1992 • 49 citations

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of midazolam effects on the human central nervous system

1988 • 49 citations

Repeated diazepam dosing in cirrhotic patients: Cumulation and sedation

1983 • 49 citations

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Triazolam After Two Intermittent Doses in Obese and Normal-Weight Men

1995 • 48 citations

Semiparametric approach to pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data

1989 • 44 citations

Simultaneous modeling of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of benzodiazepines I: Lorazepam

1990 • 43 citations

Pharmacodynamics of Triazolam After Intravenous Administration

1987 • 38 citations

Effects of oral contraceptives on diazepam-induced psychomotor impairment

1984 • 38 citations

Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modelling of the Interaction between Flumazenil and Midazolam in Volunteers by Aperiodic EEG Analysis

1991 • 38 citations

The Relationship of Alprazolam Dose to Steady-State Plasma Concentrations

1990 • 38 citations

Cognitive effects of β-adrenergic antagonists after single doses: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propranolol, atenolol, lorazepam, and placebo

1993 • 36 citations

Effects of temazepam on saccadic eye movements: Concentration-effect relationships in individual volunteers

1992 • 35 citations

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Alprazolam Following Single and Multiple Oral Doses of a Sustained‐Release Formulation

1989 • 35 citations

Plasma Alprazolam Concentrations

1993 • 35 citations

Alprazolam in the elderly: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics during multiple dosing

1990 • 34 citations

Inter‐ and intraindividual variability in the concentration‐effect (sedation) relationship of flunitrazepam.

1991 • 34 citations

Preliminary evidence of benzodiazepine subsensitivity in panic disorder

1989 • 33 citations

Effect of age, body composition, and lipid solubility on benzodiazepine tissue distribution in rats.

1987 • 32 citations

Benzodiazepine pharmacodynamics: evidence for biophase rate limiting mechanisms

1987 • 31 citations

Triazolam concentration-effect relationships in healthy subjects

1983 • 31 citations

Pharmacokinetic modeling of the anticonvulsant response of oxazepam in rats using the pentylenetetrazol threshold concentration as pharmacodynamic measure

1988 • 30 citations

Acute tolerance to triazolam during continuous and step infusions: estimation of the effect offset rate constant.

1993 • 30 citations

Characterization of the pharmacodynamics of several antiepileptic drugs in a direct cortical stimulation model of anticonvulsant effect in the rat.

1994 • 29 citations

A System Approach to Pharmacodynamics. Ill: An Algorithm and Computer Program, COLAPS, for Pharmacodynamic Modeling

1991 • 29 citations

Alprazolam plasma concentrations and treatment response in panic disorder and agoraphobia

1992 • 29 citations

Triazolam in cirrhosis: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

1993 • 28 citations

Suppression of norepinephrine appearance rate in plasma by diazepam in humans

1988 • 27 citations

The influence of dosage time of midazolam on its pharmacokinetics and effects in humans

1991 • 25 citations

Alprazolam in End‐Stage Renal Disease: I. Pharmacokinetics

1991 • 24 citations

In vivo modeling of the pharmacodynamic interaction between benzodiazepines which differ in intrinsic efficacy.

1992 • 23 citations

Adinazolam pharmacokinetics and behavioral effects following administration of 20?60 mg oral doses of its mesylate salt in healthy volunteers

1989 • 21 citations

Alprazolam in end-stage renal disease. II. Pharmacodynamics

1992 • 19 citations

Phannacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic modelling of the anticonvulsant effect of oxazepam in individual rats

1990 • 16 citations

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam in the enflurane-anesthetized dog

1988 • 15 citations

Pharmacodynamic interaction between midazolam and a low dose of ethanol in vivo

1995 • 13 citations

Simultaneous modeling of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of benzodiazepines. II. Triazolam.

1990 • 13 citations

Midazolam and flumazenil pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics following simultaneous administration to human volunteers

1994 • 13 citations

Comparison of the relationship between structure and CNS effects for lorazepam, clonazepam and alprazolam

1993 • 13 citations

Alprazolam Levels and Response in Panic Disorder

1991 • 12 citations

Pharmacokinetic‐EEG effect relationship of midazolam in aging BN/BiRij rats

1992 • 11 citations

Kinetic-effect models and their applications.

1987 • 10 citations

Clinical pharmacology of adinazolam and N-desmethyladinazolam mesylate following single intravenous infusions of each compound in healthy volunteers

1992 • 9 citations

Correlation of the clinical pharmacodynamics of loprazolam with serum concentration

1985 • 9 citations

N-desmethyladinazolam pharmacokinetics and behavioral effects following administration of 10–50 mg oral doses in healthy volunteers

1991 • 8 citations

Correlating Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Benzodiazepines: Problems and Assumptions

1987 • 8 citations

Effect of Midazolam Infusion and Flumazenil Administration on Epinephrine Arrhythmogenicity in Dogs Anesthetized with Halothane

1993 • 7 citations

Time-Dependent Sensitization to Triazolam? An Observation in Three Studies

1995 • 7 citations

Relationship between receptor occupancy at 37 degrees C and the anticonvulsant effect of flunitrazepam in rats.

1989 • 6 citations

Effects of Probenecid on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of adinazolam in humans

1994 • 5 citations

Pharmacokinetic and dynamic correlates of intravenous alprazolam challenge

1991 • 2 citations

The influence of ageing on the pharmacodynamics of sedative and anticonvulsant drugs in rats

1991 • 2 citations

The relationship between the concentration of temazepam in cerebrospinal fluid and sedation in man

1992 • 2 citations

The relationship between clinical effect and concentrations of temazepam in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid

1995 • 1 citations