Magnetic resonance imaging metrics and their correlation with clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis: a review of the literature and future perspectives

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Surrogate endpoints in clinical trials: Definition and operational criteria

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Comparison of MRI criteria at first presentation to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis

1997 • 1,246 citations

A Longitudinal Study of Abnormalities on MRI and Disability from Multiple Sclerosis

2002 • 852 citations

Magnetization transfer ratio and myelin in postmortem multiple sclerosis brain

2004 • 737 citations

Axonal loss in multiple sclerosis lesions: Magnetic resonance imaging insights into substrates of disability

1999 • 713 citations

The clinico-radiological paradox in multiple sclerosis revisited

2002 • 669 citations

Treatment with interferon beta-1b delays conversion to clinically definite and McDonald MS in patients with clinically isolated syndromes

2006 • 660 citations

Measurement of atrophy in multiple sclerosis: pathological basis, methodological aspects and clinical relevance

2002 • 635 citations

BREAKDOWN OF THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER PRECEDES SYMPTOMS AND OTHER MRI SIGNS OF NEW LESIONS IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

1990 • 571 citations

Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis

2001 • 543 citations

Evidence of Axonal Damage in the Early Stages of Multiple Sclerosis and Its Relevance to Disability

2001 • 507 citations

Axonal damage correlates with disability in patients with relapsing- remitting multiple sclerosis. Results of a longitudinal magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

1998 • 499 citations

Predictive value of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for relapse rate and changes in disability or impairment in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis

1999 • 490 citations

Evidence of early cortical atrophy in MS

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The prognostic value of brain MRI in clinically isolated syndromes of the CNS. A 10-year follow-up

1998 • 483 citations

Progressive cerebral atrophy in multiple sclerosis A serial MRI study

1996 • 482 citations

Oral simvastatin treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

2004 • 479 citations

Interferon beta-1b in secondary progressive MS

2004 • 422 citations

Cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis: combined postmortem MR imaging and histopathology.

2005 • 413 citations

Cladribine and progressive MS

2000 • 317 citations

Neocortical volume decrease in relapsing–remitting MS patients with mild cognitive impairment

2004 • 316 citations

Quantitative brain MRI lesion load predicts the course of clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis

1994 • 316 citations

Detection of Cortical Inflammatory Lesions by Double Inversion Recovery Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

2007 • 307 citations

Correlations between changes in disability and T ₂ ‐weighted brain MRI activity in multiple sclerosis

1995 • 297 citations

Magnetisation transfer ratio and mean diffusivity of normal appearing white and grey matter from patients with multiple sclerosis

2001 • 289 citations

Baseline MRI predicts future attacks and disability in clinically isolated syndromes

2006 • 284 citations

Magnetization transfer imaging: practical aspects and clinical applications.

1994 • 283 citations

High field MRI correlates of myelin content and axonal density in multiple sclerosis

2003 • 275 citations

Relation between MR abnormalities and patterns of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis

1998 • 268 citations

Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging for characterizing diffuse and focal white matter abnormalities in multiple sclerosis

2000 • 263 citations

Gadolinium enhancement increases the sensitivity of MRI in detecting disease activity in multiple sclerosis

1993 • 252 citations

Comparison of MS clinical phenotypes using conventional and magnetization transfer MRI

1999 • 234 citations

Assessment of Normal-Appearing White and Gray Matter in Patients With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

2002 • 220 citations

Quantitative MRI in patients with secondary progressive MS treated with monoclonal antibody Campath 1H

1999 • 218 citations

Cognitive dysfunction in patients with mildly disabling relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: an exploratory study with diffusion tensor MR imaging

2002 • 217 citations

MRI T2 lesion burden in multiple sclerosis

2006 • 205 citations

The Relationship Between Diffuse Axonal Damage and Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis

2004 • 204 citations

Cognitive performance and MR markers of cerebral injury in cognitively impaired MS patients

2003 • 203 citations

Efficacy of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in neurological diagnosis and neurotherapeutic decision making

2005 • 195 citations

Quantification of brain gray matter damage in different MS phenotypes by use of diffusion tensor MR imaging.

2002 • 194 citations

Cortical/subcortical disease burden and cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis.

2000 • 193 citations

Relationship between brain atrophy and disability: an 8-year follow-up study of multiple sclerosis patients

2000 • 180 citations

Double inversion recovery brain imaging at 3T: diagnostic value in the detection of multiple sclerosis lesions.

2007 • 178 citations

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Monitoring of Multiple Sclerosis

2005 • 172 citations

Regional brain atrophy evolves differently in patients with multiple sclerosis according to clinical phenotype.

2005 • 171 citations

Correlation of volumetric magnetization transfer imaging with clinical data in MS

1998 • 170 citations

Treatment of multiple sclerosis with an anti–interleukin‐2 receptor monoclonal antibody

2004 • 167 citations

Correlations between monthly enhanced MRI Lesion rate and changes in T2 Lesion volume in multiple sclerosis

1998 • 157 citations

Magnetization transfer MRI metrics predict the accumulation of disability 8 years later in patients with multiple sclerosis

2006 • 155 citations

In vivo assessment of cervical cord damage in MS patients: a longitudinal diffusion tensor MRI study

2007 • 153 citations

Prognostic value of MR and magnetization transfer imaging findings in patients with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis at presentation.

2000 • 151 citations

Magnetization transfer imaging to monitor the evolution of MS

2000 • 146 citations

MRI techniques to monitor MS evolution

2002 • 142 citations

Significance of T2 lesions in multiple sclerosis: A 13-year longitudinal study

2006 • 139 citations

Optimizing the association between disability and biological markers in MS

2001 • 137 citations

Conventional and magnetization transfer MRI predictors of clinical multiple sclerosis evolution: a medium-term follow-up study

2003 • 134 citations

A conventional and magnetization transfer MRI study of the cervical cord in patients with MS

2000 • 134 citations

Mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy histogram analysis of the cervical cord in MS patients

2005 • 133 citations

Magnetization Transfer Ratio Histogram Analysis of Gray Matter in Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis

2001 • 131 citations

Grey matter damage predicts the evolution of primary progressive multiple sclerosis at 5 years

2006 • 130 citations

Cortical lesions and brain atrophy in MS

2005 • 129 citations

Effect of natalizumab on conversion of gadolinium enhancing lesions to T1 hypointense lesions in relapsing multiple sclerosis

2004 • 126 citations

Magnetic resonance imaging as a surrogate outcome measure of disability in multiple sclerosis: Have we been overly harsh in our assessment?

2006 • 124 citations

Interferon beta-1b and intravenous methylprednisolone promote lesion recovery in multiple sclerosis

2001 • 121 citations

A 50-year follow-up of the incidence of multiple sclerosis in Hordaland County, Norway

2006 • 118 citations

Axonal Damage But No Increased Glial Cell Activity in the Normal-Appearing White Matter of Patients with Clinically Isolated Syndromes Suggestive of Multiple Sclerosis Using High-Field Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

2007 • 116 citations

Magnetization transfer can predict clinical evolution in patients with multiple sclerosis

2002 • 110 citations

Short-term accrual of gray matter pathology in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis: an in vivo study using diffusion tensor MRI

2004 • 109 citations

Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment Following the First Demyelinating Event Suggestive of Multiple Sclerosis

2004 • 108 citations

Magnetization transfer histograms in clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis

2005 • 106 citations

Improving interobserver variation in reporting gadolinium-enhanced MRI lesions in multiple sclerosis

1997 • 105 citations

Quantification of cervical cord pathology in primary progressive MS using diffusion tensor MRI

2005 • 101 citations

MRI predictors of early conversion to clinically definite MS in the CHAMPS placebo group

2002 • 99 citations

Diffusion-weighted imaging predicts cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis

2007 • 96 citations

T1 hypointense lesions in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: effect of interferon beta-1b treatment

2001 • 95 citations

Correlates of MS disability assessed in vivo using aggregates of MR quantities

2001 • 92 citations

Voxel‐based analysis of MTR images: A method to locate gray matter abnormalities in patients at the earliest stage of multiple sclerosis

2004 • 89 citations

Cerebral cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis detected by MR imaging at 8 Tesla.

2007 • 89 citations

FDA: Evidentiary standards for drug development and approval

2004 • 89 citations

Thalamic Involvement in Multiple Sclerosis: A Diffusion‐Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

2003 • 87 citations

Magnetic resonance techniques to monitor disease evolution and treatment trial outcomes in multiple sclerosis

1999 • 87 citations

Relative contributions of brain and cervical cord pathology to multiple sclerosis disability: a study with magnetisation transfer ratio histogram analysis

2000 • 83 citations

Magnetization transfer histogram parameters reflect all dimensions of MS pathology, including atrophy

2001 • 82 citations

The effect of interferon β-1b on quantities derived from MT MRI in secondary progressive MS

2003 • 79 citations

Increasing normal–appearing grey and white matter magnetisation transfer ratio abnormality in early relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

2005 • 77 citations

Evidence for progressive gray matter loss in patients with relapsing-remitting MS

2005 • 75 citations

Localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in relapsing remitting versus secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

1999 • 75 citations

Outcome measures for multiple sclerosis clinical trials: relative measurement precision of the Expanded Disability Status Scale and Multiple Sclerosis Functional C omposite

2004 • 73 citations

Current approved options for treating patients with multiple sclerosis

2004 • 71 citations

Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis: Consensus report of the White Matter Study Group

2002 • 70 citations

Diffusion Tensor MRI in Multiple Sclerosis

2007 • 66 citations

Serial whole-brain magnetization transfer imaging in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis at baseline and during treatment with interferon beta-1b

1998 • 64 citations

The effect of IFNβ-1b on the evolution of enhancing lesions in secondary progressive MS

2001 • 64 citations

Correlation of Global N-Acetyl Aspartate With Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis

2006 • 63 citations

MRI lesion volume measurement in multiple sclerosis and its correlation with disability: a comparison of fast fluid attenuated inversion recovery (fFLAIR) and spin echo sequences

1998 • 60 citations

MRI metrics as surrogate markers for clinical relapse rate in relapsing-remitting MS patients

2002 • 60 citations

Associations Between Cervical Cord Gray Matter Damage and Disability in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

2007 • 60 citations

Measuring Brain Atrophy in Multiple Sclerosis

2007 • 56 citations

European Study on Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Multiple Sclerosis

2004 • 54 citations

Magnetization-transfer histogram analysis of the cervical cord in patients with multiple sclerosis.

1999 • 54 citations

Magnetization Transfer Ratio of the Spinal Cord in Multiple Sclerosis: Relationship to Atrophy and Neurologic Disability

2000 • 51 citations

MRI metrics as surrogate endpoints for EDSS progression in SPMS patients treated with IFN β-1b

2003 • 50 citations

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in multiple sclerosis: window into the diseased brain

2002 • 49 citations

Magnetization transfer ratio in new MS lesions before and during therapy with IFNβ-1a

2000 • 44 citations

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of normal appearing white matter in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: correlations between disability and spectroscopy

2004 • 43 citations

Magnetisation transfer ratio measurement in the cervical spinal cord: a preliminary study in multiple sclerosis

1997 • 41 citations

A composite score to predict short-term disease activity in patients with relapsing-remitting MS

2007 • 35 citations

Magnetization Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Changes in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

2006 • 33 citations

The accuracy of whole brain N-acetylaspartate quantification

2000 • 29 citations

Imaging Spinal Cord Damage in Multiple Sclerosis

2005 • 24 citations

Disease-modifying therapy in MS: a critical review of the literature

2004 • 19 citations

MRI relapses have significant pathologic and clinical implications in multiple sclerosis

2007 • 17 citations

Imaging Spinal Cord Damage in Multiple Sclerosis

2005 • 13 citations

Pharyngeal-brachial palsy after cytomegalovirus colitis

2004 • 12 citations