Reperfusion Injury as the Mechanism of Brain Damage after Perinatal Asphyxia

Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide.

1990 • 7,068 citations

Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals in Postischemic Tissue Injury

1985 • 5,488 citations

Bcl-2 functions in an antioxidant pathway to prevent apoptosis

1993 • 3,465 citations

Uric acid provides an antioxidant defense in humans against oxidant- and radical-caused aging and cancer: a hypothesis.

1981 • 2,777 citations

Temporal profile of neuronal damage in a model of transient forebrain ischemia

1982 • 2,695 citations

Excitatory Amino Acids as a Final Common Pathway for Neurologic Disorders

1994 • 2,668 citations

A redox-based mechanism for the neuroprotective and neurodestructive effects of nitric oxide and related nitroso-compounds

1993 • 2,423 citations

Nitric oxide mediates glutamate neurotoxicity in primary cortical cultures.

1991 • 2,173 citations

Apoptosis and necrosis: two distinct events induced, respectively, by mild and intense insults with N-methyl-D-aspartate or nitric oxide/superoxide in cortical cell cultures.

1995 • 1,968 citations

Glutamate-induced neuronal death: A succession of necrosis or apoptosis depending on mitochondrial function

1995 • 1,892 citations

Pathophysiology and treatment of focal cerebral ischemia

1992 • 1,287 citations

NMDA-dependent superoxide production and neurotoxicity

1993 • 1,188 citations

Reduction of the extent of ischemic myocardial injury by neutrophil depletion in the dog.

1983 • 1,168 citations

Oxygen free radicals in ischemic acute renal failure in the rat.

1984 • 1,041 citations

Two-step model of leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction in inflammation: distinct roles for LECAM-1 and the leukocyte beta 2 integrins in vivo.

1991 • 977 citations

Altered neuronal and microglial responses to excitotoxic and ischemic brain injury in mice lacking TNF receptors

1996 • 947 citations

Cytokines and the nervous system II: actions and mechanisms of action

1995 • 928 citations

Calcium: still center-stage in hypoxic-ischemic neuronal death

1995 • 921 citations

Altered gene expression in neurons during programmed cell death: identification of c-jun as necessary for neuronal apoptosis.

1994 • 820 citations

Role of xanthine oxidase and granulocytes in ischemia-reperfusion injury

1988 • 794 citations

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME AND THE COUGH REFLEX

1987 • 744 citations

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes occlude capillaries following middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in baboons.

1991 • 741 citations

The Regulation of Rat Liver Xanthine Oxidase

1969 • 722 citations

Xanthine oxidase and neutrophil infiltration in intestinal ischemia

1986 • 722 citations

Role of neutrophils in ischemia-reperfusion-induced microvascular injury

1987 • 704 citations

Xanthine oxidase: biochemistry, distribution and physiology.

1986 • 635 citations

Measurement of endothelial cell free radical generation: evidence for a central mechanism of free radical injury in postischemic tissues.

1988 • 610 citations

Localization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, vimentin, c-Fos, and clusterin in the postischemic kidney. Evidence for a heterogenous genetic response among nephron segments, and a large pool of mitotically active and dedifferentiated cells.

1994 • 607 citations

Oxygen radicals induce human endothelial cells to express GMP-140 and bind neutrophils.

1991 • 605 citations

Rapid Communication: Oxidative Stress Induces Apoptosis in Embryonic Cortical Neurons

1994 • 588 citations

Interleukin-1 as a Pathogenetic Mediator of Ischemic Brain Damage in Rats

1995 • 572 citations

Human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase transgenic mice are highly resistant to reperfusion injury after focal cerebral ischemia.

1994 • 571 citations

Delayed (“Secondary”) Cerebral Energy Failure after Acute Hypoxia-Ischemia in the Newborn Piglet: Continuous 48-Hour Studies by Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

1994 • 548 citations

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist inhibits ischaemic and excitotoxic neuronal damage in the rat

1992 • 547 citations

NADH oxidoreductase is a major source of superoxide anion in bovine coronary artery endothelium

1994 • 546 citations

Differential regulation of mRNAs for nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin 3 in the adult rat brain following cerebral ischemia and hypoglycemic coma.

1992 • 521 citations

Cerebral protection in homozygous null ICAM-1 mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Role of neutrophil adhesion in the pathogenesis of stroke.

1996 • 521 citations

Correlation between myeloperoxidase-quantified neutrophil accumulation and ischemic brain injury in the rat. Effects of neutrophil depletion.

1994 • 485 citations

Global ischemia can cause DNA fragmentation indicative of apoptosis in rat brain

1993 • 481 citations

Contributions of ischemia and reperfusion to mucosal lesion formation

1986 • 477 citations

Enzymic mechanisms of superoxide production

1991 • 475 citations

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation in brain regions with low blood flow during the early postischemic period.

1986 • 474 citations

Localization of xanthine oxidase in mammary-gland epithelium and capillary endothelium

1981 • 435 citations

A monoclonal antibody to the adherence-promoting leukocyte glycoprotein, CD18, reduces organ injury and improves survival from hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rabbits.

1988 • 434 citations

Role of Neutrophils in Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion

1995 • 431 citations

Experimental Biology of Cerebral Hypoxia-Ischemia: Relation to Perinatal Brain Damage

1990 • 430 citations

P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression after focal brain ischemia and reperfusion.

1994 • 428 citations

Extracellular Adenosine, Inosine, Hypoxanthine, and Xanthine in Relation to Tissue Nucleotides and Purines in Rat Striatum During Transient Ischemia

1987 • 424 citations

Hypoxanthine as an Indicator of Hypoxia: Its Role in Health and Disease through Free Radical Production

1988 • 408 citations

Allopurinol and oxypurinol are hydroxyl radical scavengers

1987 • 393 citations

Prognosis of Newborn Infants with Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury Assessed by Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

1989 • 362 citations

Conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to oxidase in ischemic rat tissues.

1987 • 350 citations

Induction of Interleukin‐1β mRNA in Rat Brain After Transient Forebrain Ischemia

1992 • 336 citations

Significance of xanthine oxidase in capillary endothelial cells.

1986 • 333 citations

Temporal profile of ischemic tissue damage, neutrophil response, and vascular plugging following permanent and transient (2H) middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat

1994 • 319 citations

Expression of bcl-2 From a Defective Herpes Simplex Virus–1 Vector Limits Neuronal Death in Focal Cerebral Ischemia

1995 • 297 citations

Antibody to CD-18 exerts endothelial and cardiac protective effects in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.

1991 • 296 citations

Perinatal asphyxia: MR findings in the first 10 days.

1995 • 282 citations

Calcium: still center-stage in hypoxic-ischemic neuronal death

1995 • 280 citations

Glutamate triggers internucleosomal DNA cleavage in neuronal cells

1991 • 276 citations

Induction of DNA Fragmentation After 10 to 120 Minutes of Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats

1995 • 276 citations

The stress-activated protein kinases are major c-Jun amino-terminal kinases activated by ischemia and reperfusion

1994 • 266 citations

Selectins: Novel Receptors that Mediate Leukocyte Adhesion During Inflammation

1991 • 264 citations

Determination of the mechanism of free radical generation in human aortic endothelial cells exposed to anoxia and reoxygenation.

1994 • 251 citations

Attenuation of Stroke Size in Rats Using an Adenoviral Vector to Induce Overexpression of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in Brain

1995 • 245 citations

Vasoparalysis associated with brain damage in asphyxiated term infants

1990 • 243 citations

Identification of Hypoxanthine Transport and Xanthine Oxidase Activity in Brain Capillaries

1985 • 239 citations

Excitotoxicity, free radicals, and cell membrane changes

1994 • 228 citations

Substrate Control of Free Radical Generation from Xanthine Oxidase in the Postischemic Heart

1995 • 223 citations

Expression of c‐fos and c‐jun family genes after focal cerebral ischemia

1993 • 222 citations

Generation and disposal of reactive oxygen metabolites in the lung.

1995 • 217 citations

Predictive value of early neuroimaging, pulsed Doppler and neurophysiology in full term infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.

1995 • 214 citations

The mechanism of conversion of rat liver xanthine dehydrogenase from an NAD+-dependent form (type D) to an O2-dependent form (type O)

1976 • 214 citations

Endonuclease activation following focal ischemic injury in the rat brain

1993 • 211 citations

Excitatory Amino Acid Release from Rat Hippocampal Slices as a Consequence of Free‐Radical Formation

1988 • 210 citations

Hypoxia injures endothelial cells by increasing endogenous xanthine oxidase activity.

1992 • 209 citations

Microglia activation after neonatal hypoxic-ischemia

1995 • 206 citations

Molecular Basis of the Biological Function of Molybdenum

1974 • 205 citations

Anoxia/reoxygenation-induced neutrophil adherence to cultured endothelial cells

1992 • 204 citations

The Conversion of Xanthine Dehydrogenase to Xanthine Oxidase and the Role of the Enzyme in Reperfusion Injury1

1994 • 203 citations

CEREBRAL ARTERY DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR PREDICTION OF OUTCOME AFTER PERINATAL ASPHYXIA

1986 • 191 citations

Detection of free radicals during brain ischemia and reperfusion by spin trapping and microdialysis

1992 • 190 citations

Role of xanthine oxidase and neutrophils in ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbit lung

1990 • 182 citations

A comparison of the distribution and electron acceptor specificities of xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase

1974 • 177 citations

Magnetic resonance and near infrared spectroscopy for investigation of perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury.

1989 • 176 citations

Evaluation of the role of xanthine oxidase in myocardial reperfusion injury.

1990 • 169 citations

Edema and Vascular Permeability in Cerebral Ischemia

1982 • 158 citations

Proto-oncogene expression in porcine myocardium subjected to ischemia and reperfusion.

1992 • 154 citations

Positron emmission tomography in the asphyxiated term newborn: Parasagittal impairment of cerebral blood flow

1985 • 154 citations

Adhesion Molecules-Their Role in Health and Disease

1996 • 153 citations

Changes in Cerebral Hemodynamics and Oxygenation in the First 24 Hours After Birth Asphyxia

1993 • 151 citations

Mechanisms of conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase in ischemic rat liver and kidney

1988 • 144 citations

Regulation of xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase activity and gene expression in cultured rat pulmonary endothelial cells.

1992 • 142 citations

Xanthine oxidase produces hydrogen peroxide which contributes to reperfusion injury of ischemic, isolated, perfused rat hearts.

1988 • 142 citations

Progressive expression of immunomolecules on microglial cells in rat dorsal hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia

1992 • 139 citations

Increased apoptosis in the cingulate sulcus of newborn piglets following transient hypoxia-ischaemia is related to the degree of high energy phosphate depletion during the insult

1994 • 130 citations

Early blood-brain barrier changes in the rat following transient complete cerebral ischemia induced by cardiac arrest

1994 • 130 citations

Prospects for treatment of free radical-mediated tissue injury

1993 • 127 citations

Evidence for hypoxia‐induced, programmed cell death of cultured neurons

1994 • 120 citations

Ischemia and Reperfusion Enhance ATF-2 and c-Jun Binding to cAMP Response Elements and to an AP-1 Binding Site from the c-jun Promoter

1995 • 118 citations

Distribution of xanthine dehydrogenase and oxidase activities in human and rabbit tissues

1989 • 116 citations

Organ distribution and molecular forms of human xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase protein.

1996 • 112 citations

Role of xanthine oxidase in ischemia/reperfusion injury

1990 • 111 citations

Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy: Therapeutic Approaches Against Microvascular Injury, and Role of Neutrophils, PAF, and Free Radicals

1995 • 107 citations

Tissue factor contributes to microvascular defects after focal cerebral ischemia.

1993 • 101 citations

Enhanced activity of the free radical producing enzyme xanthine oxidase in hypoxic rat liver. Regulation and pathophysiologic significance.

1991 • 101 citations

Generation of superoxide anion by brain endothelial cell xanthine oxidase

1991 • 100 citations

BCL-2 blocks glutamate toxicity in neural cell lines

1993 • 99 citations

Bcl-2 Prevents Killing of Neuronal Cells by Glutamate but Not by Amyloid β Protein

1993 • 98 citations

The Role of Oxygen Free Radicals in Postasphyxia Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Newborn Lambs

1989 • 96 citations

Protective effects of human recombinant superoxide dismutase on transient ischemic injury of CA1 neurons in gerbils.

1992 • 96 citations

Purification and immunohistochemical tissue localization of human xanthine oxidase

1993 • 92 citations

Regulation of endothelial cell xanthine dehydrogenase xanthine oxidase gene expression by oxygen tension

1994 • 85 citations

Brain Superoxide Anion Generation in Asphyxiated Piglets and the Effect of Indomethacin at Therapeutic Dose

1993 • 85 citations

Cord Plasma Vasopressin, Erythropoietin, and Hypoxanthine as Indices of Asphyxia at Birth

1988 • 74 citations

Effect of nitric oxide and cell redox status on the regulation of endothelial cell xanthine dehydrogenase

1995 • 74 citations

The microglial reaction in the rat hippocampus following global ischemia: immuno-electron microscopy

1992 • 68 citations

Rapid conversion to high xanthine oxidase activity in viable Kupffer cells during hypoxia.

1994 • 59 citations

K depletion alters angiotensin II receptor expression in vascular smooth muscle cells

1990 • 57 citations

Oxypurinol attenuates hydroxyl radical production during ischemia/reperfusion injury of the rat cerebral cortex: an ESR study

1993 • 55 citations

Experimental models of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.

1993 • 55 citations

Gastric intramucosal pH and multiple organ injury

1996 • 54 citations

Allopurinol enhanced adenine nucleotide repletion after myocardial ischemia in the isolated rat heart.

1988 • 52 citations

Xanthine oxidase-derived H2O2 contributes to reperfusion injury of ischemic skeletal muscle

1990 • 48 citations

Protective effects of human recombinant superoxide dismutase on transient ischemic injury of CA1 neurons in gerbils.

1992 • 48 citations

The Mechanism of Conversion of Xanthine Dehydrogenase to Oxidase and the Role of the Enzyme in Reperfusion Injury

1991 • 47 citations

Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells constitutively release xanthine oxidase

1992 • 44 citations

Near-infrared spectroscopy in asphyxial brain injury.

1993 • 43 citations

Near-infrared Spectroscopy in Asphyxial Brain Injury

1993 • 43 citations

Central Cortico-Subcortical Involvement

1995 • 42 citations

Hypoxia and reperfusion injury to liver.

1993 • 37 citations

Superoxide dismutase ameliorates neuronal death from hypoxia in culture.

1994 • 37 citations

Direct measurement of free radicals in the neonatal mouse brain subjected to hypoxia: an electron spin resonance spectroscopic study

1993 • 36 citations

Cerebral blood flow, cross-brain oxygen extraction, and fontanelle pressure after hypoxic-ischemic injury in newborn infants

1991 • 34 citations

Xanthine Oxidase during Human Fetal Development

1990 • 32 citations

Perinatal Assessment of Cerebral Flow Velocity Wave Forms in the Human Fetus and Neonate

1992 • 32 citations

Modulation of Hydrogen Peroxide Release from Vascular Endothelial Cells by Oxygen

1993 • 29 citations

Superoxide dismutase ameliorates neuronal death from hypoxia in culture.

1994 • 28 citations

The severity of postischemic hypoperfusion increases with duration of cerebral ischemia in rats

1994 • 25 citations

Brain Sonography, Computed Tomography, and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Term Neonates with Perinatal Asphyxia

1993 • 15 citations