Immune modulation by the cholera-like enterotoxins: from adjuvant to therapeutic

Oral tolerance: immune mechanisms and treatment of autoimmune diseases

1997 • 757 citations

Generalized systemic and mucosal immunity in mice after mucosal stimulation with cholera toxin.

1984 • 445 citations

Class I MHC presentation of exogenous soluble antigen via macropinocytosis in bone marrow macrophages

1995 • 416 citations

Mucosal adjuvant effect of cholera toxin in mice results from induction of T helper 2 (Th2) cells and IL-4.

1995 • 392 citations

Murine Th1 and Th2 clones proliferate optimally in response to distinct antigen-presenting cell populations.

1991 • 355 citations

Cholera Toxin Binding Affinity and Specificity for Gangliosides Determined by Surface Plasmon Resonance

1996 • 335 citations

Cholera toxin B subunit: an efficient transmucosal carrier-delivery system for induction of peripheral immunological tolerance.

1994 • 317 citations

A nontoxic mutant of cholera toxin elicits Th2-type responses for enhanced mucosal immunity

1997 • 305 citations

Refined Structure of Escherichia coli Heat-labile Enterotoxin, a Close Relative of Cholera Toxin

1993 • 299 citations

Mutants of Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin lacking ADP-ribosyltransferase activity act as nontoxic, mucosal adjuvants.

1995 • 288 citations

The adjuvant effect of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli heat‐labile enterotoxins is linked to their ADP‐ribosyltransferase activity

1992 • 286 citations

Adjuvant activity of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin and effect on the induction of oral tolerance in mice to unrelated protein antigens

1988 • 283 citations

Comparison of the carbohydrate-binding specificities of cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxins LTh-I, LT-IIa, and LT-IIb

1988 • 269 citations

Induction of mucosal immunity by intranasal application of a streptococcal surface protein antigen with the cholera toxin B subunit

1993 • 241 citations

A cholera toxoid-insulin conjugate as an oral vaccine against spontaneous autoimmune diabetes

1997 • 231 citations

Impaired mucosal immune responses in interleukin 4-targeted mice.

1995 • 227 citations

Mutants in the ADP-ribosyltransferase Cleft of Cholera Toxin Lack Diarrheagenicity but Retain Adjuvanticity

1997 • 209 citations

Treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by feeding myelin basic protein conjugated to cholera toxin B subunit.

1996 • 198 citations

Cholera toxin stimulates IL-1 production and enhances antigen presentation by macrophages in vitro.

1991 • 192 citations

Salivary, nasal, genital, and systemic antibody responses in monkeys immunized intranasally with a bacterial protein antigen and the Cholera toxin B subunit

1996 • 191 citations

Bacterial toxins and virulence factors in disease

1995 • 189 citations

Mechanisms for Mucosal Immunogenicity and Adjuvancy of Escherichia coli Labile Enterotoxin

1996 • 173 citations

Intranasal immunogenicity and adjuvanticity of site-directed mutant derivatives of cholera toxin

1997 • 172 citations

Mucosal immunization with a bacterial protein antigen genetically coupled to cholera toxin A2/B subunits.

1995 • 156 citations

Potent immunogenicity of the B subunits of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin: receptor binding is essential and induces differential modulation of lymphocyte subsets.

1996 • 156 citations

Rabbit intestinal glycoprotein receptor for Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin lacking affinity for cholera toxin

1982 • 144 citations

Expression of Cytokines by Recombinant Vaccinia Viruses: A Model for Studying Cytokines in Virus Infections in vivo

1992 • 135 citations

The in vitro production of cytokines by mucosal lymphocytes immunized by oral administration of keyhole limpet hemocyanin using cholera toxin as an adjuvant

1991 • 120 citations

Cholera toxin adjuvant promotes long-term immunological memory in the gut mucosa to unrelated immunogens after oral immunization.

1992 • 106 citations

Structural studies of receptor binding by cholera toxin mutants

1997 • 96 citations

Protective salivary immunoglobulin A responses against Streptococcus mutans infection after intranasal immunization with S. mutans antigen I/II coupled to the B subunit of cholera toxin

1993 • 95 citations

Targeting autoantigen to B cells prevents the induction of a cell-mediated autoimmune disease in rats.

1992 • 94 citations

Antibody responses in volunteers induced by nasal influenza vaccine combined with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit containing a trace amount of the holotoxin

1996 • 93 citations

Morphologic and functional alterations of mucosal T cells by cholera toxin and its B subunit.

1995 • 88 citations

Whole Cholera Toxin and B Subunit Act Synergistically as an Adjuvant for the Mucosal Immune Response of Mice to Keyhole Limpet Haemocyanin

1990 • 87 citations

Modulation of B‐cell activation by the B subunit of Escherichia coli enterotoxin: receptor interaction up‐regulates MHC class II, B7, CD40, CD25 and ICAM‐1

1997 • 84 citations

Cyclic AMP-independent effects of cholera toxin on B cell activation. II. Binding of ganglioside GM1 induces B cell activation.

1992 • 74 citations

Cross-linking of cell surface ganglioside GM1 induces the selective apoptosis of mature CD⁺ T lymphocytes

1996 • 74 citations

Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunits supplemented with a trace amount of the holotoxin as an adjuvant for nasal influenza vaccine

1994 • 69 citations

Mutants of the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin with reduced ADP-ribosylation activity or no activity retain the immunogenic properties of the native holotoxin

1996 • 60 citations

Intranasal immunization using the B subunit of the Escherichia coli heat‐labile toxin fused to an epitope of the Bordetella pertussis P.69 antigen

1991 • 56 citations

Distinct effects of recombinant cholera toxin B subunit and holotoxin on different stages of class II MHC antigen processing and presentation by macrophages.

1996 • 55 citations

Cholera toxin acts as a potent adjuvant for the induction of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses with non-replicating antigens.

1994 • 54 citations

Prevention of autoimmune disease due to lymphocyte modulation by the B-subunit ofEscherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin

1997 • 54 citations

Mucosal priming of T-lymphocyte responses to fed protein antigens using cholera toxin as an adjuvant.

1991 • 53 citations

Adjuvant Effect of Cholera Enterotoxin on the Immune Response of the Mouse to Sheep Red Blood Cells

1972 • 53 citations

Manipulation of intestinal immune responses against ovalbumin by cholera toxin and its B subunit in mice.

1991 • 52 citations

Kinetics of Acid-mediated Disassembly of the B Subunit Pentamer of Escherichia coli Heat-labile Enterotoxin

1995 • 51 citations

The B-Subunit of Cholera Toxin Induces Immunoregulatory Cells and Prevents Diabetes in the NOD Mouse

1998 • 49 citations

Mutational analysis of the role of ADP-ribosylation activity and GM1 -binding activity in the adjuvant properties of theEscherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin towards intranasally administered keyhole limpet hemocyanin

1998 • 46 citations

H-2-unrestricted adjuvant effect of cholera toxin B subunit on murine antibody responses to influenza virus haemagglutinin.

1991 • 44 citations

Immune response of the female rat genital tract after oral and local immunization with keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugated to the cholera toxin B subunit

1993 • 43 citations

Cholera toxin as a mucosal adjuvant. Glutaraldehyde treatment dissociates adjuvanticity from toxicity.

1989 • 38 citations

Structure of partially‐activated E. coli heat‐labile enterotoxin (LT) at 2.6 Å resolution

1994 • 38 citations

Persistence of serum and salivary antibody responses after oral immunization with a bacterial protein antigen genetically linked to the A2/B subunits of cholera toxin

1996 • 38 citations

Comparison of systemic and mucosal priming for mucosal immune responses to a bacterial protein antigen given with or coupled to cholera toxin (CT) B su

1994 • 35 citations

T cell regulation of collagen-induced arthritis in mice. I. Isolation of Type II collagen-reactive T cell hybridomas with specific cytotoxic function.

1990 • 30 citations

Oral immunization with the saliva-binding region of Streptococcus mutans AgI/II genetically coupled to the cholera toxin B subunit elicits T-helper-cell responses in gut-associated lymphoid tissues

1997 • 27 citations

Induction of Mucosal Immunity against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in the Mouse Protects against Ocular Infection and Establishment of Latency

1998 • 24 citations

Immunoregulatory role of H-2 and intra-H-2 alleles on antibody responses to recombinant preparations of B-subunits of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (rEtxB) and cholera toxin (rCtxB)

1995 • 18 citations

The B-subunit of cholera toxin induces immunoregulatory cells and prevents diabetes in the NOD mouse

1998 • 14 citations

Enhancement of the immune response to non-replicating herpes simplex virus type-1 preparations by mucosal administration in the presence of cholera toxin

1997 • 7 citations