Therapeutic vaccination for spinal cord injury: helping the body to cure itself

Spinal-cord injury

2002 • 1,607 citations

Axonal regeneration in the rat spinal cord produced by an antibody against myelin-associated neurite growth inhibitors

1990 • 1,232 citations

Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial. National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study

1997 • 1,201 citations

Activated Human T Cells, B Cells, and Monocytes Produce Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor In Vitro and in Inflammatory Brain Lesions: A Neuroprotective Role of Inflammation?

1999 • 1,011 citations

Autoimmune T cells protect neurons from secondary degeneration after central nervous system axotomy

1999 • 881 citations

Implantation of stimulated homologous macrophages results in partial recovery of paraplegic rats

1998 • 794 citations

Depletion of Hematogenous Macrophages Promotes Partial Hindlimb Recovery and Neuroanatomical Repair after Experimental Spinal Cord Injury

1999 • 686 citations

Spinal Axon Regeneration Induced by Elevation of Cyclic AMP

2002 • 660 citations

Microglia as effector cells in brain damage and repair: focus on prostanoids and nitric oxide

1998 • 568 citations

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of glial scarring and progressive cavitation: in vivo and in vitro analysis of inflammation-induced secondary injury after CNS trauma.

1999 • 561 citations

Control of T‐cell activation by CD4⁺ CD25⁺ suppressor T cells

2001 • 560 citations

Secondary Cell Death and the Inflammatory Reaction After Dorsal Hemisection of the Rat Spinal Cord

1994 • 531 citations

Methylprednisolone for acute spinal cord injury: an inappropriate standard of care

2000 • 496 citations

Acute Inflammatory Response in Spinal Cord Following Impact Injury

1998 • 486 citations

Interleukin-1β Promotes Repair of the CNS

2001 • 479 citations

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Glial Scarring and Progressive Cavitation:In VivoandIn VitroAnalysis of Inflammation-Induced Secondary Injury after CNS Trauma

1999 • 455 citations

BDNF and gp145trkB in multiple sclerosis brain lesions: neuroprotective interactions between immune and neuronal cells?

2002 • 427 citations

Repairing the Injured Spinal Cord

2002 • 405 citations

Systemically Administered Interleukin-10 Reduces Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Production and Significantly Improves Functional Recovery Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

1999 • 404 citations

Vascular Events After Spinal Cord Injury: Contribution to Secondary Pathogenesis

2000 • 379 citations

Passive or Active Immunization with Myelin Basic Protein Promotes Recovery from Spinal Cord Contusion

2000 • 368 citations

Protective Autoimmunity Is a Physiological Response to CNS Trauma

2001 • 349 citations

Cytokine mRNA Profiles in Contused Spinal Cord and Axotomized Facial Nucleus Suggest a Beneficial Role for Inflammation and Gliosis

1998 • 347 citations

Cellular morphology of chronic spinal cord injury in the cat: Analysis of myelinated axons by line-sampling

1983 • 338 citations

Production of Neurotrophins by Activated T Cells: Implications for Neuroprotective Autoimmunity

2000 • 336 citations

The effects of methylprednisolone and the ganglioside GM1 on acute spinal cord injury in rats

1994 • 330 citations

Locomotor Recovery in Spinal Cord-Injured Rats Treated with an Antibody Neutralizing the Myelin-Associated Neurite Growth Inhibitor Nogo-A

2001 • 322 citations

Neuroprotection by Encephalomyelitis: Rescue of Mechanically Injured Neurons and Neurotrophin Production by CNS-Infiltrating T and Natural Killer Cells

2000 • 312 citations

T cell immunity to copolymer 1 confers neuroprotection on the damaged optic nerve: Possible therapy for optic neuropathies

2000 • 312 citations

Macrophages can modify the nonpermissive nature of the adult mammalian central nervous system

1990 • 308 citations

Vaccination for protection of retinal ganglion cells against death from glutamate cytotoxicity and ocular hypertension: Implications for glaucoma

2001 • 293 citations

A Therapeutic Vaccine Approach to Stimulate Axon Regeneration in the Adult Mammalian Spinal Cord

1999 • 289 citations

Concept of autoimmunity following spinal cord injury: Possible roles for T lymphocytes in the traumatized central nervous system

1996 • 248 citations

Neuronal Survival after CNS Insult Is Determined by a Genetically Encoded Autoimmune Response

2001 • 231 citations

The third function of the thymus

2000 • 213 citations

Selective chemokine mRNA accumulation in the rat spinal cord after contusion injury

1998 • 209 citations

Posttraumatic therapeutic vaccination with modified myelin self-antigen prevents complete paralysis while avoiding autoimmune disease

2001 • 205 citations

Regeneration of Axons in the Vertebrate Central Nervous System

1956 • 200 citations

Pathological CNS Autoimmune Disease Triggered by Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Implications for Autoimmune Vaccine Therapy

2002 • 191 citations

Functional Redundancy of Ventral Spinal Locomotor Pathways

2002 • 166 citations

Protective autoimmunity: regulation and prospects for vaccination after brain and spinal cord injuries

2001 • 164 citations

Exacerbation of Facial Motoneuron Loss after Facial Nerve Transection in Severe Combined Immunodeficient (scid) Mice

1999 • 161 citations

Functional switch between motor tracts in the presence of the mAb IN-1 in the adult rat

2001 • 153 citations

MIP-1alpha, MCP-1, GM-CSF, and TNF-alpha control the immune cell response that mediates rapid phagocytosis of myelin from the adult mouse spinal cord.

2001 • 149 citations

Cross talk between the immune system and the nervous system in response to injury: implications for regeneration

1994 • 149 citations

Tumor necrosis factor receptor deletion reduces nuclear factor-kappaB activation, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 expression, and functional recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury.

2001 • 148 citations

Experimental Analysis of Progressive Necrosis after Spinal Cord Trauma in the Rat: Etiological Role of the Inflammatory Response

1997 • 146 citations

Myelin specific Th1 cells are necessary for post-traumatic protective autoimmunity

2002 • 136 citations

Comparative evaluation of cytokine profiles and reactive gliosis supports a critical role for interleukin-6 in neuron-glia signaling during regeneration

2000 • 134 citations

MIP-1α, MCP-1, GM-CSF, and TNF-α Control the Immune Cell Response That Mediates Rapid Phagocytosis of Myelin from the Adult Mouse Spinal Cord

2001 • 128 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Deletion Reduces Nuclear Factor-κB Activation, Cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein 2 Expression, and Functional Recovery after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

2001 • 126 citations

Morphological aspects of spinal cord autoimmune neuroprotection: colocalization of T cells with B7–2 (CD86) and prevention of cyst formation

2001 • 111 citations

Vaccination with a Nogo-A-derived peptide after incomplete spinal-cord injury promotes recovery via a T-cell-mediated neuroprotective response: Comparison with other myelin antigens

2001 • 109 citations

Spinal Cord Injury in the Rat: Treatment with Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide and Indomethacin Enhances Cellular Repair and Locomotor Function

1994 • 108 citations

Ability of rat microglia to uptake extracellular glutamate

2001 • 98 citations

Autoimmunity on alert: naturally occurring regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells as part of the evolutionary compromise between a ‘need’ and a ‘risk’

2002 • 97 citations

Autoreactive T cells induce neurotrophin production by immune and neural cells in injured rat optic nerve: Implications for protective autoimmunity

2002 • 97 citations

Genetic influences on cellular reactions to spinal cord injury: A wound-healing response present in normal mice is impaired in mice carrying a mutation (WldS) that causes delayed Wallerian degeneration

1996 • 92 citations

Dual action of glatiramer acetate (Cop-1) in the treatment of CNS autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders

2002 • 87 citations

Methylprednisolone exacerbates axonal loss following optic nerve trauma in rats

2000 • 85 citations

Sexual dimorphism in the spontaneous recovery from spinal cord injury: a gender gap in beneficial autoimmunity?

2002 • 82 citations

Chemokine antagonist infusion promotes axonal sparing after spinal cord contusion injury in rat

2001 • 75 citations

T-cell-based immunity counteracts the potential toxicity of glutamate in the central nervous system

2001 • 71 citations

The Tissue-Specific Self-Pathogen Is the Protective Self-Antigen: The Case of Uveitis

2002 • 69 citations

Differential Expression of Neurotrophic Factors and Inflammatory Cytokines by Myelin Basic Protein‐Specific and Other Recruited T Cells Infiltrating the Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

2002 • 67 citations

High-dose methylprednisolone may do more harm for spinal cord injury

2000 • 61 citations

Is the role of steroids in acute spinal cord injury now resolved?

2001 • 59 citations

Degeneracy, as opposed to specificity, in immunotherapy

2002 • 33 citations

Degeneracy, as opposed to specificity, in immunotherapy

2002 • 27 citations

Some reasons why deletion and anergy do not satisfactorily account for natural tolerance

1992 • 23 citations