Free radical scavengers: chemical concepts and clinical relevance

OXIDATION OF FREE AMINO ACIDS AND AMINO ACID RESIDUES IN PROTEINS BY RADIOLYSIS AND BY METAL-CATALYZED REACTIONS

1993 • 1,377 citations

Transition Metals, Ferritin, Glutathione, and Ascorbic Acid in Parkinsonian Brains

1989 • 1,367 citations

Excess brain protein oxidation and enzyme dysfunction in normal aging and in Alzheimer disease.

1991 • 1,290 citations

The oxidant stress hypothesis in Parkinson's disease: Evidence supporting it

1992 • 925 citations

Oxygen radicals and the nervous system

1985 • 822 citations

Oxidative damage to brain proteins, loss of glutamine synthetase activity, and production of free radicals during ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury to gerbil brain.

1990 • 787 citations

Altered Brain Metabolism of Iron as a Cause of Neurodegenerative Diseases?

1994 • 701 citations

Antioxidant and iron-chelating activities of the flavonoids catechin, quercetin and diosmetin on iron-loaded rat hepatocyte cultures

1993 • 639 citations

Neuroprotection by the Metabolic Antioxidant α-Lipoic Acid

1997 • 629 citations

Vitamin E: Interactions with Free Radicals and Ascorbate

1985 • 527 citations

Oxidative stress: Free radical production in neural degeneration

1994 • 483 citations

Detection and identification of short-lived free radicals by an electron spin resonance trapping technique

1968 • 337 citations

Peroxynitrite Scavenging by Flavonoids

1997 • 331 citations

MPTP mechanisms of neurotoxicity and their implications for Parkinson's disease

1991 • 302 citations

Iron‐Melanin Interaction and Lipid Peroxidation: Implications for Parkinson's Disease

1991 • 285 citations

N-acetylcysteine (D- and L-stereoisomers) prevents apoptotic death of neuronal cells

1995 • 273 citations

Redox cycling of iron and lipid peroxidation

1992 • 250 citations

[18] PC12 pheochromocytoma cells: culture, nerve growth factor treatment, and experimental exploitation

1987 • 243 citations

Intracranial microdialysis of salicylic acid to detect hydroxyl radical generation through dopamine autooxidation in the caudate nucleus: Effects of MPP+

1992 • 234 citations

N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone improves recovery of brain energy state in rats following transient focal ischemia.

1995 • 233 citations

Brain Hydroxyl Radical Generation in Acute Experimental Head Injury

1993 • 226 citations

Estimating Hydroxyl Radical Content in Rat Brain Using Systemic and Intraventricular Salicylate: Impact of Methamphetamine

1995 • 202 citations

Delayed treatment with the spin trap α‐phenyl‐N‐tert‐butyl nitrone (PBN) reduces infarct size following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats

1994 • 196 citations

Stabilities of hydroxyl radical spin adducts of PBN-type spin traps☆

1992 • 186 citations

α-Lipoic acid protects against reperfusion injury following cerebral ischemia in rats

1996 • 179 citations

In vivo indices of oxidative stress in lead-exposed C57BL/6 mice are reduced by treatment with meso-2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid or N-acetylcysteine

1996 • 170 citations

Lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant proteins in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from multiple sclerosis patients

1985 • 169 citations

Oxidative damage caused by free radicals produced during catecholamine autoxidation: Protective effects of O-methylation and melatonin

1996 • 155 citations

Iron and Human Disease

2018 • 154 citations

Monoamine Metabolism Provides an Antioxidant Defense in the Brain Against Oxidant- and Free Radical-Induced Damage

1993 • 146 citations

Apomorphine is a highly potent free radical scavenger in rat brain mitochondrial fraction

1996 • 137 citations

Apomorphine enantiomers protect cultured pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells from oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂ and 6‐hydroxydopamine

1998 • 134 citations

Dopamine agonists in Parkinson's disease: a look at apomorphine

1993 • 128 citations

Metals and Oxidative Damage in Neurological Disorders

1997 • 126 citations

Dual role of oestrogens as hormones and pro-carcinogens: tumour initiation by metabolic activation of oestrogens

1997 • 119 citations

Mechanisms of Dopamine-Induced Cell Death in Cultured Rat Forebrain Neurons: Interactions with and Differences from Glutamate-Induced Cell Death

1997 • 114 citations

Significance of the Inflammatory Response in Brain Ischemia

1996 • 101 citations

11 Control of disease by selective iron depletion: a novel therapeutic strategy utilizing iron chelators

1994 • 97 citations

The Free Radical Scavenger, α-Lipoic Acid, Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Gerbils

1995 • 96 citations

Reactive Dopamine Metabolites and Neurotoxicity

1996 • 96 citations

Neuroprotective effects of α-lipoic acid and its enantiomers demonstrated in rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia

1996 • 92 citations

Hormone-associated cancer: mechanistic similarities between human breast cancer and estrogen-induced kidney carcinogenesis in hamsters.

1997 • 91 citations

Apomorphine infusional therapy in parkinson's disease: Clinical utility and lack of tolerance

1995 • 90 citations

N -Acetylcysteine Enhances Hippocampal Neuronal Survival After Transient Forebrain Ischemia in Rats

1995 • 83 citations

Role of glutathione metabolism in the glutamate-induced programmed cell death of neuronal-like PC12 cells

1997 • 82 citations

Distribution of spin-trapping compounds in rat blood and brain: In vivo microdialysis determination

1993 • 80 citations

Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of the iron chelators pyoverdin and hydroxypyrid-4-ones in iron-loaded hepatocyte cultures: Comparison of their mechanism of protection with that of desferrioxamine

1992 • 77 citations

Iron induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction: relevance to Parkinson's disease

1993 • 75 citations

Iron coordination by catechol derivative antioxidants

1996 • 71 citations

Thiol antidotes effect on lipid peroxidation in mercury-poisoned rats

1990 • 65 citations

Design of Orally Active Iron Chelators

1996 • 62 citations

Calcium antagonist and antiperoxidant properties of some hindered phenols

1993 • 61 citations

Effects of Glutathione on Fenton Reagent-Dependent Radical Production and DNA Oxidation

1995 • 60 citations

Long-Term Therapy with Deferiprone

1996 • 59 citations

Involvement of Oxygen‐based Radicals in Methamphetamine‐induced Neurotoxicity: Evidence from the Use of CuZnSOD Transgenic Mice^a

1994 • 58 citations

Molecular mechanisms for neurodegeneration. Synergism between reactive oxygen species, calcium, and excitotoxic amino acids.

1996 • 55 citations

Protection from oxidation enhances the survival of cultured mesencephalic neurons

1995 • 55 citations

Dopamine Oxidation Generates an Oxidative Stress Mediated by Dopamine Semiquinone and Unrelated to Reactive Oxygen Species

1997 • 50 citations

Oxygen Free Radicals and Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease: A Role for Nitric Oxide^a

1994 • 48 citations

Use of Iron Chelators in Preventing Hydroxyl Radical Damage: Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome as an Experimental Model for the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Oxygen-Radical-Mediated Tissue Damage

1996 • 46 citations

Iron in Central Nervous System Disorders

1993 • 44 citations

Apomorphine enantiomers protect cultured pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells from oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂ and 6‐Hydroxydopamine

1998 • 43 citations

Free radical scavenging properties of apomorphine enantiomers and dopamine: Possible implication in their mechanism of action in parkinsonism

1995 • 43 citations

Iron modulates neuroleptic-induced effects related to the dopaminergic system.

1993 • 41 citations

Typical and Atypical Neuroleptics Induce Alteration in Blood‐Brain Barrier and Brain ⁵⁹FeCl₃ Uptake

1994 • 40 citations

The Role of Iron and Iron Chelators in Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity

1993 • 36 citations

Involvement of Cytokine Production in Pathogenesis of Transient Cerebral Ischemic Damage.

1996 • 33 citations

E-selectin expression on human brain microvascular endothelial cells

1996 • 31 citations

Inhibition of the Oxidative Modification of LDL by Nitecapone

1995 • 27 citations

Cytotoxic effects of an oxidative stress on neuronal-like pheochromocytoma cells (PC12)

1996 • 26 citations

INVOLVEMENT OF OXIDATIVE AND L‐ARGININE‐NO PATHWAYS IN THE NEUROTOXICITY OF DRUGS OF ABUSE IN VITRO

1995 • 24 citations

N,N'-Bis-Dibenzyl Ethylenediaminediacetic Acid (Dbed): a Site-Specific Hydroxyl Radical Scavenger Acting as an “Oxidative Stress Activatable” Iron ChelatorIn Vitro

1995 • 23 citations

Molecular Modeling Studies of a Ferric Hexadentate 3-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinone Complex and an Analogue by Molecular Mechanics, Molecular Dynamics, and Free Energy Perturbation Simulations

1996 • 20 citations

Role of ascorbate in protection by nitecapone against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury

1995 • 19 citations

Metabolism of the cardioprotective agents dexrazoxane (ICRF-187) and levrazoxane (ICRF-186) by the isolated hepatocyte

1994 • 17 citations

D-penicillamine affects lipid peroxidation and iron content in the rat brain cortex

1992 • 17 citations

Cerebral Ischemia and Basic Mechanisms

1994 • 16 citations

Blood to brain iron uptake in one rhesus monkey using [Fe-52]-citrate and positron emission tomography (PET): influence of haloperidol.

1994 • 13 citations

The Role of Oxidative Processes and Metal Ions in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease

1997 • 11 citations

Gene Expression and Functional Changes After Acute Ischemia: Age-Related Differences in Outcome and Mechanisms

1994 • 8 citations

Lazaroids: potent inhibitors of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation for neurodegenerative disorders

1993 • 7 citations

The role of ATP as a mediator in the action of iron complexes on cellular calcium homeostasis

1994 • 6 citations

Vitamin E

1997 • 2 citations

Antioxidant Therapeutic Strategies in CNS Disorders

1997 • 2 citations