Helping Behavior and Altruism: An Empirical and Conceptual Overview

The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I

1964 • 15,639 citations

The Norm of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement

1960 • 11,250 citations

The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism

1971 • 10,660 citations

Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach.

1983 • 8,467 citations

Towards an understanding of inequity.

1963 • 4,795 citations

Normative Influences on Altruism

1977 • 4,341 citations

Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility.

1968 • 2,814 citations

The psychology of social impact.

1981 • 2,692 citations

A theory of objective self awareness

1972 • 2,610 citations

The Belief in a Just World: A Fundamental Delusion.

1982 • 2,574 citations

Equity : theory and research

1978 • 2,473 citations

The unresponsive bystander : why doesn't he help?

1970 • 2,342 citations

A measure of emotional empathy1

1972 • 2,333 citations

Field Theory in Social Science

1951 • 2,292 citations

Readings in Attitude Theory and Measurement

1968 • 2,137 citations

"From Jerusalem to Jericho": A study of situational and dispositional variables in helping behavior.

1973 • 1,621 citations

Affect, accessibility of material in memory, and behavior: A cognitive loop?

1978 • 1,257 citations

Effect of feeling good on helping: Cookies and kindness.

1972 • 1,161 citations

Is empathic emotion a source of altruistic motivation?

1981 • 1,002 citations

A cognitive (attribution)-emotion-action model of motivated behavior: An analysis of judgments of help-giving.

1980 • 967 citations

Affect, accessibility of material in memory, and behavior: A cognitive loop?

1978 • 928 citations

The effects of dispositional empathy on emotional reactions and helping: A multidimensional approach

1983 • 745 citations

Empathic mediation of helping: A two-stage model.

1978 • 730 citations

Normative explanations of helping behavior: A critique, proposal, and empirical test

1973 • 718 citations

Ten years of research on group size and helping.

1981 • 716 citations

Altruism: An examination of the concept and a review of the literature.

1970 • 702 citations

Development of Prosocial Motivation: Empathy and Guilt

1982 • 700 citations

Is altruism part of human nature?

1981 • 692 citations

Who Believes in a Just World

1980 • 644 citations

Recent unobtrusive studies of Black and White discrimination and prejudice: A literature review.

1980 • 634 citations

Recipient reactions to aid.

1982 • 623 citations

Newborn's response to the cry of another infant.

1971 • 580 citations

Altruism and Helping Behavior

2012 • 563 citations

Exploratory Investigations of Empathy

1969 • 562 citations

Influence of self-reported distress and empathy on egoistic versus altruistic motivation to help.

1983 • 554 citations

Developmental synthesis of affect and cognition and its implications for altruistic motivation.

1975 • 525 citations

Child Rearing and Children's Prosocial Initiations toward Victims of Distress

1979 • 524 citations

Weather, mood, and helping behavior: Quasi experiments with the sunshine samaritan.

1979 • 519 citations

Empathy and altruism.

1975 • 518 citations

Good Samaritanism: An underground phenomenon?

1969 • 514 citations

Transgression and altruism: A case for hedonism

1973 • 510 citations

Perspective-taking and altruism.

1982 • 491 citations

Empathic distress in the newborn.

1976 • 474 citations

Child Rearing and Children's Prosocial Initiations toward Victims of Distress

1979 • 460 citations

Success, failure, attention, and reaction to others: The warm glow of success.

1970 • 443 citations

A lady in distress: Inhibiting effects of friends and strangers on bystander intervention

1969 • 404 citations

Social Norms, Feelings, and Other Factors Affecting Helping and Altruism

1972 • 401 citations

Empathy and altruism.

1975 • 396 citations

More evidence that empathy is a source of altruistic motivation.

1982 • 396 citations

Responsibility and dependency.

1963 • 395 citations

Empathy in Six- and Seven-Year-Olds

1968 • 392 citations

Altruism and helping behavior : social, personality, and developmental perspectives

1981 • 383 citations

Affecting the salience of the social responsibility norm: effects of past help on the response to dependency relationships.

1964 • 360 citations

White Racism: A Psychohistory

2001 • 355 citations

Some effects of guilt on compliance.

1969 • 350 citations

Emergency Intervention

2013 • 349 citations

Altruism as hedonism: A social development perspective on the relationship of negative mood state and helping.

1976 • 331 citations

The Effect of Feeling Good on a Helping Task that is Incompatible with Good Mood

1978 • 322 citations

The subtlety of White racism, arousal, and helping behavior.

1977 • 311 citations

Trends and issues in developmental psychology

1969 • 303 citations

Elicitation of moral obligation and self-sacrificing behavior: An experimental study of volunteering to be a bone marrow donor.

1970 • 299 citations

Distress crying in neonates: Species and peer specificity.

1982 • 293 citations

Conduct and Conscience: The Socialization of Internalized Control over Behavior.

1970 • 283 citations

Altruism as hedonism: A social development perspective on the relationship of negative mood state and helping.

1976 • 283 citations

Compliance without pressure: The effect of guilt.

1967 • 269 citations

Words, deeds and the perception of consequences and responsibility in action situations.

1968 • 269 citations

Positive Social Behavior and Morality

1978 • 267 citations

Mood influences on helping: Direct effects or side effects?

1984 • 258 citations

Affect and altruism.

1973 • 256 citations

Duration of the effect of good mood on helping: "Footprints on the sands of time."

1976 • 254 citations

Wanting to and having to help: Separate motivations for positive mood and guilt-induced helping.

1980 • 253 citations

Empathy, its development and prosocial implications.

1977 • 252 citations

Attribution, reinforcement, and altruism: A developmental analysis.

1980 • 251 citations

Pretty pleases: The effects of physical attractiveness, race, and sex on receiving help

1976 • 245 citations

An informational approach to altruistic behavior.

1976 • 242 citations

Why don't bystanders help? Because of ambiguity?

1972 • 238 citations

Little Children's Participation in the Work of Adults, a Nascent Prosocial Behavior

1982 • 235 citations

Where is the apathetic bystander? Situational characteristics of the emergency.

1974 • 231 citations

Helping a Distressed Person: Social, Personality, and Stimulus Determinants

1974 • 227 citations

The organizational functions of the self: An alternative to the Duval and Wicklund Model of self-awareness.

1979 • 213 citations

Reactions to suffering of others under conditions of indirect responsibility.

1967 • 209 citations

Awareness of Consequences and the Influence of Moral Norms on Interpersonal Behavior

1968 • 207 citations

Cooperation and Helping Behavior: Theories and Research

1982 • 201 citations

Personality: Basic Aspects and Current Research

1981 • 197 citations

Success, failure, and social responsibility.

1966 • 196 citations

Positive Forms of Social Behavior: An Overview

1972 • 193 citations

Sharing in the Second Year of Life

1976 • 190 citations

Insights from sadness: A three-step model of the development of altruism as hedonism

1981 • 190 citations

Costs, diffusion, and the stigmatized victim.

1975 • 188 citations

Comparison of three models for predicting altruistic behavior.

1978 • 183 citations

Some effects of task relevance and friendship on helping: You don't always help the one you like

1980 • 180 citations

Effect of a favor which reduces freedom.

1966 • 176 citations

Altruism, socialization, and society

1981 • 175 citations

Responsibility, norms, and helping in an emergency.

1970 • 172 citations

The joys of helping: Focus of attention mediates the impact of positive affect on altruism.

1981 • 172 citations

Helping and Cooperation: A Self-Based Motivational Model

1982 • 169 citations

Effect of blood on reactions to a victim.

1972 • 167 citations

Generosity in children: Immediate and long-term effects of modeling, preaching, and moral judgment.

1975 • 167 citations

Race and belief: An open and shut case.

1965 • 163 citations

Influence of a model's feeling about his behavior and his relevance as a comparison other on observers' helping behavior.

1968 • 162 citations

The Development of Prosocial Behavior

1992 • 162 citations

Crime, commitment, and the responsive bystander: Two field experiments.

1975 • 161 citations

Learning concern for others.

1973 • 160 citations

Effects of race on the elicitation of helping behavior: The wrong number technique.

1971 • 159 citations

Effects of mood states, costs, and benefits on helping.

1978 • 155 citations

Further Studies on the Effect of Feeling Good on Helping

1975 • 150 citations

Group cohesiveness, social norms, and bystander intervention.

1983 • 149 citations

The role of dispositional empathy and social evaluation in the empathic mediation of helping.

1981 • 149 citations

Vicarious instigation and conditioning of facial expressive and autonomic responses to a model's expressive display of pain.

1980 • 148 citations

Effects of success and failure on children's generosity.

1973 • 148 citations

Effect of intentionality on willingness to reciprocate a favor

1972 • 144 citations

On the induction of emotion in the laboratory: Discrete moods or multiple affect states?

1981 • 143 citations

Bystander response to an assault: When a man attacks a woman.

1976 • 139 citations

Voluntary expiation of guilt: A field experiment.

1972 • 139 citations

Displacement of guilt-produced altruistic behavior.

1966 • 134 citations

Socialization and the altruistic behavior of children.

1976 • 134 citations

The Altruistic Personality

1984 • 133 citations

Sex Differences in Empathy and Social Behavior in Children

1982 • 131 citations

Guilt, perceived injustice, and altruistic behavior.

1971 • 130 citations

Similarity, Sex, and Requests for Small Favors¹

1971 • 127 citations

Vicarious instigation and conditioning of facial expressive and autonomic responses to a model's expressive display of pain.

1980 • 127 citations

Altruism, sympathy, and helping : psychological and sociological principles

1978 • 122 citations

Equity, reciprocity, and reallocating rewards in the dyad.

1969 • 119 citations

Prosocial development: A longitudinal study.

1983 • 117 citations

Response to compatriot and foreigner who seek assistance.

1968 • 116 citations

Focus of attention mediates the impact of negative affect on altruism.

1980 • 115 citations

When does a harm-doer compensate a victim?

1967 • 111 citations

Effects of Mood on Prosocial Behavior in Children and Adults

1982 • 110 citations

The influence of the perceived causal locus of partner's dependence on the use of interpersonal power.

1965 • 109 citations

“Debriefing” and susceptibility to subsequent experimental manipulations

1966 • 107 citations

On the induction of emotion in the laboratory: Discrete moods or multiple affect states?

1981 • 104 citations

A Taxonomy of Helping: A Multidimensional Scaling Analysis

1980 • 101 citations

Self-focused attention and helping behavior.

1982 • 100 citations

The Effects of Race, Status, and Ability on Helping Behavior

1981 • 100 citations

Altruistic drive and altruistic reinforcement.

1973 • 97 citations

Race of Victim, Nonresponsive Bystanders, and Helping Behavior

1982 • 94 citations

Perspective Taking as the Cognitive Basis of Children's Moral Development: A Review of the Literature.

1978 • 90 citations

The modeling of sharing: Effects associated with vicarious reinforcement, symbolization, age, and generalization

1970 • 90 citations

Opinion similarity and helping: Three field experiments investigating the bases of promotive tension

1975 • 90 citations

Generosity in Nursery School Boys

1968 • 88 citations

Petitioner's Attire and Petition Signing by Peace Demonstrators: A Field Experiment¹

1971 • 88 citations

Model, need, and cost effects in helping behavior.

1969 • 88 citations

Some effects of guilt on compliance: A field replication.

1972 • 87 citations

Reactance and the unwillingness to help others.

1973 • 87 citations

Obligation, donor resources, and reactions to aid in three cultures.

1975 • 85 citations

Cruelty and Kindness: A New Look at Aggression and Altruism

1977 • 84 citations

Liking and Response to Dependency Relationships

1963 • 84 citations

Helping a person in distress: The influence of implicit and explicit "rules" of conduct on children and adults.

1971 • 83 citations

Modeling, direct instruction, and attributions: Effects on altruism.

1978 • 83 citations

Bystander anonymity and reactions to emergencies.

1980 • 83 citations

A child in distress: The influence of nurturance and modeling on children's attempts to help.

1971 • 82 citations

Responsive Bystanders: The Process of Intervention

1982 • 80 citations

Bystander reactions to a violent theft: Crime in Jerusalem.

1976 • 77 citations

Bystander reactions to a violent theft: Crime in Jerusalem.

1976 • 77 citations

Personal Norms and the Mediation of Legitimacy Effects on Helping

1978 • 77 citations

Two Types of Altruistic Behavior: Doing Good to Feel Good or to Make the Other Feel Good

1982 • 76 citations

Responsibility and Helping in an Emergency: Effects of Blame, Ability and Denial of Responsibility

1976 • 76 citations

Competence and volunteering

1971 • 75 citations

Altruism Is Rewarding

1971 • 75 citations

Personal deserving versus justice for others: An exploration of the justice motive

1977 • 75 citations

Role of attribution processes in mediating amount of reciprocity for a favor.

1968 • 72 citations

Bystander anonymity and reactions to emergencies.

1980 • 72 citations

Emergency and Cost as Determinants of Helping Behavior and the Slow Accumulation of Social Psychological Knowledge

1983 • 72 citations

Children's Emotions and Behaviors in Response to Infants' Cries

1983 • 70 citations

Awareness of interpersonal consequences, responsibility denial, and volunteering.

1974 • 69 citations

The Socialization of Altruism

1982 • 68 citations

Anticipation of future interaction and the bystander effect

1980 • 68 citations

Effects of stress and commonality of fate on helping behavior.

1975 • 67 citations

Choosing to suffer as a consequence of expecting to suffer: Why do people do it?

1975 • 66 citations

Saying and doing: Effects on observer performance.

1975 • 66 citations

Content of preachings and power of the model/preacher: The effect on children's generosity.

1979 • 64 citations

Reinforcement and Helping Behavior¹

1972 • 63 citations

Receiving Help, Reciprocation, and Interpersonal Attraction¹

1974 • 61 citations

The concentration of responsibility: An objective self-awareness analysis of group size effects in helping situations.

1978 • 61 citations

Attention, arousal and the orientation reaction

1966 • 60 citations

Affect Expressions and Children's Imitative Altruism.

1972 • 59 citations

Helping as a Function of Number of Bystanders and Ambiguity of Emergency

1978 • 57 citations

Transgression, self-image, and compliant behavior.

1971 • 57 citations

Some determinants of aiding under experimentally‐induced stress¹

1973 • 56 citations

Helping Behavior as a Function of Pictorially Induced Moods

1975 • 56 citations

A step in the socialization of altruism as hedonism: Effects of negative mood on children's generosity under public and private conditions.

1979 • 56 citations

Behavioral consequences of transgression: I. The effects of social recognition.

1966 • 55 citations

A step in the socialization of altruism as hedonism: Effects of negative mood on children's generosity under public and private conditions.

1979 • 55 citations

Effects of sentiment and completion of a helping act on observer helping: A case for socially mediated Zeigarnik effects.

1971 • 54 citations

Social constraints on naturally occurring preschool altruism

1979 • 54 citations

Witnessing harm to other: A reassessment of the role of guilt in altruistic behavior.

1968 • 52 citations

Effects of Making Blood Donor Motives Salient Upon Donor Retention: A Field Experiment

1976 • 50 citations

Effects of Altruism on Mood

1977 • 50 citations

The Justice Motive in Human Relations and the Economic Model of Man: A Radical Analysis of Facts and Fictions

1982 • 50 citations

SHARING IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: FACILITATION, STIMULUS GENERALIZATION, RESPONSE GENERALIZATION, AND MAINTENANCE

1979 • 49 citations

Emergencies: What are they and do they influence bystanders to intervene?

1979 • 49 citations

Consequences of transgression: Self-punishment and depression.

1973 • 49 citations

The “Clean for Gene” Phenomenon: The Effect of Students' Appearance on Political Campaigning¹

1972 • 48 citations

The Effect of a Prosocial Label on Helping Behavior

1981 • 47 citations

Effect of prior "token" compliance on subsequent interracial behavior.

1974 • 46 citations

Promotive Tension: Theory and Research

1982 • 45 citations

Motivation, modeling, and altruism: A Person × Situation analysis.

1976 • 45 citations

Helper‐Sufferer Similarity and a Specific Request for Help: Bystander Intervention During a Peace Demonstration

1972 • 44 citations

Self-esteem, Similarity, Liking and Helping

1976 • 44 citations

The Role of Example and Moral Exhortation in the Training of Altruism

1978 • 43 citations

Self-Concern and the Unwillingness to Be Helpful

1983 • 43 citations

Inhibition of helping behavior by a similar or dissimilar nonreactive fellow bystander.

1972 • 43 citations

Failure to Help When in a Hurry: Callousness or Conflict?

1978 • 43 citations

Effect of positive feedback on compliance following transgression

1971 • 42 citations

Racial factors in helping behavior: An unobtrusive field experiment.

1975 • 40 citations

The Effects of Actual and Attempted Theft, Need, and a Previous Favor on Altruism

1976 • 40 citations

The use of subjective expected utility theory as an aid to understanding variables that influence helping behavior.

1978 • 39 citations

Why additive utility models fail as descriptions of choice behavior

1979 • 39 citations

Helping a motorist in distress: The effects of sex, race, and neighborhood.

1975 • 38 citations

Effects of Negative Personal Norms on Helping Behavior

1982 • 38 citations

„The Apparel Oft Proclaims the Man”: Cooperation with Deviant and Conventional Youths

1972 • 38 citations

A Cognitive-Learning Model of Helping Behavior Development: Possible Implications and Applications

1982 • 37 citations

Interpersonal attraction and the reciprocation of benefits.

1973 • 36 citations

Physical Attractiveness, Self-Disclosure, and Helping Behavior

1978 • 36 citations

POWER AND THE INTERNALIZATION OF SELF-DENIAL

1971 • 36 citations

Social Learning Theory and the Development of Prosocial Behavior

1982 • 35 citations

Power and the Internalization of Self-Denial

1971 • 35 citations

Altruism Toward a Deviant in City and Small Town

1977 • 35 citations

Emergencies: What are they and do they influence bystanders to intervene?

1979 • 35 citations

The Generality of Altruism in Children

1982 • 34 citations

The Role of Racial Attitudes in Helping Behavior

1975 • 34 citations

Urban Density and Altruism: Helping Strangers in a Canadian City, Suburb, and Small Town

1978 • 33 citations

Rules, models, and self-reinforcement in children.

1973 • 33 citations

Effect of Attire on Obtaining Directions

1974 • 32 citations

The Role of Example and Moral Exhortation in the Training of Altruism

1978 • 32 citations

Helping and the Attribution Process

1973 • 32 citations

Altruism—A Rational Approach

1982 • 32 citations

Effects of Dress on Compliance to Requests in a Field Setting

1977 • 31 citations

When courtesy offends: Effects of positive and negative behavior by the physically disabled on altruism and anger in normals1

1978 • 31 citations

The Effects of Appearance on Compliance

1974 • 30 citations

Compassion or Compliance: Alternative Dispositional Attributions for One's Helping Behavior

1979 • 30 citations

when is a favor a threat to freedom: The effects of attribution and importance of freedom on reciprocity1

1976 • 29 citations

The effect of one positive reinforcement on helping with cost

1975 • 28 citations

Bystander intervention: Experimental test of a formal model.

1978 • 28 citations

Behavioral effects of interpersonal attraction: Compliance with requests from liked and disliked others

1971 • 28 citations

Effect of an Encounter with a Black Panhandler on Subsequent Helping for Blacks

1982 • 28 citations

The effects of attire, location, and sex on aiding behavior: A similarity explanation

1981 • 27 citations

An introduction to social psychology (14th ed.).

1921 • 27 citations

Compliant Reactions to Guilt: Self-Esteem or Self-Punishment

1979 • 26 citations

An Unstudied Region of Helping: An Extension of the Pearce-Amato Cognitive Taxonomy

1982 • 26 citations

Harm‐doing and victim's racial or orthopedic stigma as determinants of helping behavior¹

1979 • 26 citations

Attitude Toward an Authority and the Reporting of a Crime

1976 • 25 citations

Self-esteem, Attentiveness, and Helping Behavior

1977 • 25 citations

Film-facilitated arousal and prosocial behavior

1981 • 25 citations

Incidence of guilt reactions in children.

1967 • 25 citations

Attraction and helping

1974 • 24 citations

Relation of Political Affiliation to Helping Behavior on Election Day, November 7, 1972

1973 • 23 citations

Helping Behavior as a Function of Interpersonal Perception

1972 • 21 citations

Help Seeking: Effects of Visibility of Task Performance and Seeking Help

1978 • 21 citations

Differences in reversal learning between two inbred mouse strains

1970 • 20 citations

Transgression-compliance: A failure to confirm.

1973 • 20 citations

When a bystander becomes an accomplice: Situational determinants of reactions to dishonesty

1976 • 19 citations

Race, Sex, and Helping in the Marketplace¹

1979 • 18 citations

Rewards, Costs, and Sex Differences in Helping Behavior

1975 • 17 citations

Arousal and Costs in Bystander Intervention

1976 • 17 citations

Response Consequences and Attributions: Two Contributors to Prosocial Behavior

1982 • 16 citations

Processes of Attribution and Children's Self-Punishment Following Misbehavior

1980 • 15 citations

Socially mediated Zeigarnik effects as a function of sentiment, valence, and desire for goal attainment

1972 • 15 citations

Penalty and interpersonal attraction as factors influencing the decision to help another person

1969 • 15 citations

Noncontingent warmth induction, cognitive style, and children's imitative donation and rescue effort behaviors.

1976 • 15 citations

Forms of social awareness and helping

1983 • 15 citations

Leader effectiveness and leadership conferral as determinants of helping in a medical emergency.

1975 • 15 citations

The attribution of arousal and emergency helping: A bidirectional process

1984 • 15 citations

Attraction and altruism: With a little help from my friends

1976 • 15 citations

Decreased helpfulness with increased group size through lessening the effects of the needy individual's dependency1

1978 • 14 citations

The Effect of Reprimanding Transgressions on Subsequent Helping Behavior: Two Field Experiments

1978 • 14 citations

Transgression, fate control, and compliant behavior

1970 • 14 citations

Violent Films and Prosocial Behavior

1983 • 13 citations

Transgression-Compliance: Guilt, Negative Affect, or Impression Management?

1979 • 13 citations

Response to Bill of Rights Paraphrases as Influenced by the Hip or Straight Attire of the Opinion Solicitor¹

1972 • 13 citations

Effects of Praise and Small Requests on Receptivity to Direct-Mail Appeals

1979 • 13 citations

Status inconsistency, aggressive attitude, and helping behavior1

1976 • 12 citations

The Influence of Ideological Affiliation on Helping Behavior

1973 • 12 citations

Effects of social class, moral orientation, and severity of punishment on boys' moral responses to transgression and generosity.

1974 • 11 citations

Effects of positive and negative requests on compliance following transgression

1974 • 9 citations

Effects of threat and failure on concern for others

1978 • 9 citations

Willingness to Help a Stranger: The Effects of Social Context and Opinion Similarity¹

1982 • 8 citations

Facilitative Effects of Media Violence on Helping

1977 • 8 citations

Compliance as a Function of Prior Compliance, Familiarization, Effort and Benefits: The Foot-in-the-Door Technique Extended

1978 • 7 citations

Recipient mood states and helping behavior

1979 • 7 citations

Recent Research on Helping Behavior: An Overview and Bibliography.

1976 • 6 citations

Effects of magnitude and rectifiability of harm and information value on the reporting of accidental harm-doing.

1972 • 6 citations

The effects of prior reward and punishment on subsequent reward and punishment: Guilt versus consistency.

1976 • 4 citations

The effects of prior reward and punishment on subsequent reward and punishment: Guilt versus consistency.

1976 • 3 citations

Social anxiety, emotion, and helping behavior

1977 • 3 citations

The propensity to recall another's completed and uncompleted tasks as a consequence of varying social relationships

1980 • 3 citations

Adequacy of Compensation, Worthiness of Recipient, and their Effects on Transgressor Compliance to Render Aid

1975 • 2 citations

Perceived Prior Compliance, Psychological Reactance, and Altruistic Contributions

1973 • 2 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations