Transport of opioids from the brain to the periphery by P-glycoprotein: peripheral actions of central drugs

Disruption of the mouse mdr1a P-glycoprotein gene leads to a deficiency in the blood-brain barrier and to increased sensitivity to drugs

1994 • 2,255 citations

Multidrug-resistance gene (P-glycoprotein) is expressed by endothelial cells at blood-brain barrier sites.

1989 • 1,744 citations

P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain barrier of mice influences the brain penetration and pharmacological activity of many drugs.

1996 • 1,268 citations

Absence of the mdr1a P-Glycoprotein in mice affects tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone, digoxin, and cyclosporin A.

1995 • 1,109 citations

GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE MULTIDRUG TRANSPORTER

1995 • 469 citations

Functional involvement of P-glycoprotein in blood-brain barrier.

1992 • 352 citations

Molecular and Cellular Biology of Multidrug Resistance in Tumor Cells

1991 • 281 citations

Separation of opioid analgesia from respiratory depression: evidence for different receptor mechanisms.

1985 • 271 citations

Opiate-induced Analgesia Is Increased and Prolonged in Mice Lacking P-glycoprotein

2000 • 270 citations

Mrp1 Multidrug Resistance‐Associated Protein and P‐Glycoprotein Expression in Rat Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cells

1998 • 265 citations

P-glycoprotein is strongly expressed in the luminal membranes of the endothelium of blood vessels in the brain

1997 • 249 citations

Elevation of tumor necrosis factor in head injury

1990 • 226 citations

Multidrug resistance and the role of P-glycoprotein knockout mice

1995 • 199 citations

The role of P‐glycoprotein in blood‐brain barrier transport of morphine: transcortical microdialysis studies in mdr1a (−/−) and mdr1a (+/+) mice

1999 • 198 citations

Selective loss of δ opioid analgesia and binding by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to a δ opioid receptor

1994 • 192 citations

Effects of a potent and specific P-glycoprotein inhibitor on the blood-brain barrier distribution and antinociceptive effect of morphine in the rat.

1999 • 162 citations

Novel receptor mechanisms for heroin and morphine-6β-glucuronide analgesia

1996 • 160 citations

Cloning and functional characterization through antisense mapping of a kappa 3-related opioid receptor.

1995 • 150 citations

Brain Microvascular and Astrocyte Localization of P‐Glycoprotein

1997 • 146 citations

Spinal analgesic activity of orphanin FQ/nociceptin and its fragments

1997 • 135 citations

Dissociation of morphine's analgesic and respiratory depressant actions

1983 • 128 citations

Functionally differentiating two neuronal nitric oxide synthase isoforms through antisense mapping: Evidence for opposing NO actions on morphine analgesia and tolerance

1997 • 121 citations

Passage of peptides across the blood-brain barrier: Pathophysiological perspectives

1996 • 119 citations

μ and δ opioid synergy between the periaqueductal gray and the rostro-ventral medulla

1994 • 117 citations

Saturable transport of peptides across the blood-brain barrier

1987 • 115 citations

Differential blockade of opioid analgesia by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides directed against various G protein alpha subunits.

1996 • 115 citations

Increased brain P-glycoprotein in morphine tolerant rats

1999 • 114 citations

Biochemical Evidence for Orphanin FQ/Nociceptin Receptor Heterogeneity in Mouse Brain

1997 • 110 citations

Pharmacological characterization of orphanin FQ/nociceptin and its fragments.

1997 • 110 citations

Role of blood‐brain barrier P‐glycoprotein in limiting brain accumulation and sedative side‐effects of asimadoline, a peripherally acting analgaesic drug

1999 • 106 citations

Mediation of anorexia by human recombinant tumor necrosis factor through a peripheral action in the rat.

1989 • 104 citations

Expression and functional activity of P-glycoprotein in cultured cerebral capillary endothelial cells.

1992 • 99 citations

Peripheral morphine analgesia: synergy with central sites and a target of morphine tolerance.

1996 • 94 citations

Topical opioids in mice: analgesia and reversal of tolerance by a topical N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist.

1999 • 75 citations

Tolerance to morphine analgesia: decreased multiplicative interaction between spinal and supraspinal sites

1984 • 74 citations

Synergistic brainstem interactions for morphine analgesia

1993 • 72 citations

Cloning, expression and classification of a kappa3-related opioid receptor using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides

1994 • 63 citations

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is secreted from the brain after intracerebroventricular injection of IL-1 beta in rats

1996 • 59 citations

Altered disposition and antinociception of [D-penicillamine(2,5)] enkephalin in mdr1a-gene-deficient mice.

1998 • 58 citations

Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein and Recovery of Drug Sensitivity of Human Acute Leukemic Blast Cells by Multidrug Resistance Gene (mdr1) Antisense Oligonucleotides

1998 • 48 citations

Enhanced antinociception of the model opioid peptide [D-penicillamine] enkephalin by P-glycoprotein modulation.

1999 • 44 citations

Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides to the Cloned δ Receptor DOR‐1: Uptake, Stability, and Regulation of Gene Expression

1995 • 42 citations

Endogenous peptide Tyr‐Pro‐Trp‐Gly‐NH₂ (Tyr‐W‐MIF‐1) is transported from the brain to the blood by peptide transport system‐1

1993 • 36 citations

Antisense to MDR1 mRNA reduces P‐glycoprotein expression, swelling‐activated Cl⁻ current and volume regulation in bovine ciliary epithelial cells

1998 • 30 citations

Transport of the δ-opioid receptor agonist [D-penicillamine2,5] enkephalin across the blood–brain barrier involves transcytosis1

1999 • 28 citations

Peripheral blockade of topical morphine tolerance by ketamine

1999 • 27 citations

The contribution of supraspinal, peripheral and intrinsic spinal circuits to the pattern and magnitude of fos-like immunoreactivity in the lumbar spinal cord of the rat withdrawing from morphine

1997 • 27 citations

Dissociation of affinity and efficacy in KOR‐3 chimeras

1996 • 23 citations

Co-transfection of MDR1 and MRP antisense RNAs abolishes the drug resistance in multidrug-resistant human lung cancer cells.

1998 • 14 citations

Structure and Evolution of P-Glycoproteins

1991 • 12 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations