Evolution of Primate C4 and CYP21 Genes

The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees.

1987 • 59,130 citations

A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences

1980 • 28,067 citations

Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

1988 • 1,723 citations

A mechanism for gene conversion in fungi

1964 • 1,459 citations

Frameshift Mutations and the Genetic Code

1966 • 1,400 citations

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

2003 • 1,390 citations

Molecular Biology of Steroid Hormone Synthesis*

1988 • 1,387 citations

A mechanism for gene conversion in fungi

2007 • 1,149 citations

Human fetal gγ- and Aγ-globin genes: Complete nucleotide sequences suggest that DNA can be exchanged between these duplicated genes

1980 • 947 citations

Structure of human steroid 21-hydroxylase genes.

1986 • 568 citations

Complete nucleotide sequence of two steroid 21-hydroxylase genes tandemly arranged in human chromosome: a pseudogene and a genuine gene.

1986 • 559 citations

Gene conversion: Some implications for immunoglobulin genes

1981 • 496 citations

Two genes encoding steroid 21-hydroxylase are located near the genes encoding the fourth component of complement in man.

1985 • 492 citations

Family study of the major histocompatibility complex in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: importance of null alleles of C4A and C4B in determining disease susceptibility.

1983 • 456 citations

Mutation in LDL Receptor: Alu-Alu Recombination Deletes Exons Encoding Transmembrane and Cytoplasmic Domains

1985 • 453 citations

Isozymes. Current Topics in Biological and Medical Research

1982 • 444 citations

The structural basis of the multiple forms of human complement component C4

1984 • 419 citations

Mapping of steroid 21-hydroxylase genes adjacent to complement component C4 genes in HLA, the major histocompatibility complex in man.

1985 • 371 citations

Linkage map of the human major histocompatibility complex including the tumor necrosis factor genes.

1987 • 351 citations

Isozymes current topics in biological and medical research

1984 • 328 citations

Evolution of the major histocompatibility complex.

1986 • 326 citations

A comparison of the properties of two classes, C4A and C4B, of the human complement component C4.

1984 • 296 citations

HLA-linked congenital adrenal hyperplasia results from a defective gene encoding a cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid 21-hydroxylation.

1984 • 291 citations

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

1987 • 286 citations

The yeast cell, its genetics and cytology

1949 • 270 citations

A New Cluster of Genes Within the Human Major Histocompatibility Complex

1989 • 247 citations

Aberrant splicing and missense mutations cause steroid 21-hydroxylase [P-450(C21)] deficiency in humans: possible gene conversion products.

1988 • 241 citations

Polymorphism of the human complement C4 and steroid 21-hydroxylase genes. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms revealing structural deletions, homoduplications, and size variants.

1986 • 239 citations

Molecular mapping of the human major histocompatibility complex by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

1987 • 237 citations

Characterization of frequent deletions causing steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

1988 • 232 citations

Alu-Alu recombination deletes splice acceptor sites and produces secreted low density lipoprotein receptor in a subject with familial hypercholesterolemia.

1987 • 228 citations

Structural basis of the polymorphism of human complement components C4A and C4B: gene size, reactivity and antigenicity.

1986 • 220 citations

Unexpected relationships between four large deletions in the human β-globin gene cluster

1983 • 218 citations

Deletion of complement C4 and steroid 21-hydroxylase genes in the HLA class III region.

1985 • 209 citations

Common evolutionary origin of alpha 2-macroglobulin and complement components C3 and C4.

1985 • 186 citations

Molecular characterization of the HLA-linked steroid 21-hydroxylase B gene from an individual with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

1987 • 184 citations

Identification of multiple HTF-island associated genes in the human major histocompatibility complex class III region.

1989 • 183 citations

Exon-Alu recombination deletes 5 kilobases from the low density lipoprotein receptor gene, producing a null phenotype in familial hypercholesterolemia.

1986 • 168 citations

Distribution of deletions and seven point mutations on CYP21B genes in three clinical forms of steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

1991 • 165 citations

Human major histocompatibility complex contains a minimum of 19 genes between the complement cluster and HLA-B.

1989 • 164 citations

A sex chromosome rearrangement in a human XX male caused by Alu—Alu recombination

1987 • 154 citations

A deletion involving Alu sequences in the beta-hexosaminidase alpha-chain gene of French Canadians with Tay-Sachs disease.

1987 • 148 citations

Rearrangements and point mutations of P450c21 genes are distinguished by five restriction endonuclease haplotypes identified by a new probing strategy in 57 families with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

1989 • 139 citations

Polymorphism of human complement component C4

1985 • 136 citations

Two steroid 21-hydroxylase genes are located in the murine S region

1984 • 135 citations

Frequent deletion and duplication of the steroid 21-hydroxylase genes.

1986 • 128 citations

Gene Conversion in Salt-Losing Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia with Absent Complement C4B Protein*

1986 • 127 citations

The complete exon-intron structure of a human complement component C4A gene. DNA sequences, polymorphism, and linkage to the 21-hydroxylase gene.

1991 • 122 citations

Molecular Characterization of the Ss and Slp (C4) Proteins of the Mouse H-2 Complex: Subunit Composition, Chain Size Polymorphism, and an Intracellular (Pro-Ss) Precursor

1978 • 121 citations

Pulsed field gel electrophoresis identifies a high degree of variability in the number of tandem 21-hydroxylase and complement C4 gene repeats in 21-hydroxylase deficiency haplotypes.

1989 • 115 citations

Hypobetalipoproteinemia Due to an Apolipoprotein B Gene Exon 21 Deletion Derived by Alu-Alu Recombination

1989 • 114 citations

Molecular Evolution of the Major Histocompatibility Complex

1991 • 109 citations

A Previously Undetected MHC Gene with an Unusual Periodic Structure

1988 • 108 citations

The deletion in a type of δ0-β0-thalassaemia begins in an inverted AluI repeat

1982 • 107 citations

P450XXI (steroid 21-hydroxylase) gene deletions are not found in family studies of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

1987 • 102 citations

Gene conversion-like events cause steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency in congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

1987 • 91 citations

Structure and organization of theC4genes

1984 • 89 citations

CROSSING OVER AND GENE REARRANGEMENT IN FLOWERING PLANTS

1933 • 87 citations

Human C4 haplotypes with duplicated C4A or C4B.

1984 • 76 citations

The major histocompatibility complex and human evolution

1990 • 74 citations

Genesis by meiotic unequal crossover of a de novo deletion that contributes to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

1990 • 70 citations

Multiple duplications of complement C4 gene correlate with H-2-controlled testosterone-independent expression of its sex-limited isoform, C4-Slp.

1985 • 67 citations

Deletion of the steroid 21-hydroxylase and complement C4 genes in congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

1986 • 64 citations

Gene conversions, deletions, and polymorphisms in congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

1988 • 60 citations

Component Deficiencies: 2. The Fourth Component

1987 • 59 citations

C4B gene polymorphism detected in a human cosmid clone

1986 • 50 citations

Two distinct areas of unequal crossingover within the steroid 21-hydroxylase genes produce absence of CYP21B

1989 • 50 citations

Inherited Polymorphism of Guinea Pig Factor B and C4: Evidence for Genetic Linkage between the C4 and Bf Loci

1977 • 49 citations

Heterogeneity of human C4 gene size

1987 • 49 citations

Recent Advances in 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency

1984 • 43 citations

Genetics of complement C4. Two homoduplication haplotypes C4S C4S and C4F C4F in a family

1982 • 41 citations

TheC4andSlpgenes of the complement region of the murineH-2major histocompatibility complex

1984 • 37 citations

Molecular evolution of the major histocompatibility complex

1992 • 37 citations

Calibrating Evolutionary Rates at Major Histocompatibility Complex Loci

1991 • 36 citations

Duplications of Complement and Non‐Complement Genes of the H‐2S Region: Evolutionary Aspects of the C4 Isotypes and Molecular Analysis of their Expression Variants

1985 • 36 citations

Prevalence of polymorphic 21-hydroxylase gene (Ca21HB) mutations in salt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia

1987 • 35 citations

Restriction maps and restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the human 21-hydroxylase genes

1986 • 30 citations

Evolutionary change of duplicate genes.

1982 • 30 citations

Evidence for mapping pig C4 gene(s) within the pig major histo compatibility complex (SLA)

1985 • 28 citations

Restriction fragment length polymorphism caused by a deletion involving Alu sequences within the human .alpha.2-plasmin inhibitor gene

1989 • 27 citations

Evolutionary origin of mutations in the primate cytochrome P450c21 gene.

1992 • 27 citations

C4 genes of the chimpanzee, gorilla, and orang-utan: evidence for extensive homogenization

1992 • 27 citations

Genetic polymorphism of complement C4 in the dog

1984 • 27 citations

Deficiency of the Fourth Component of Complement in Man

1970 • 25 citations

Sequence heterogeneity of murine complementary DNA clones related to the C4 and C4-Slp isoforms of the fourth complement component

1984 • 22 citations

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the complement component C4 loci on chromosome 6: studies with emphasis on the determination of gene number

1988 • 19 citations

Organization of the chimpanzee C4‐CYP21 region: Implications for the evolution of human genes

1990 • 18 citations

Polymorphism of C4 and CYP21 genes in various primate species

1991 • 16 citations

Organization of C4 and CYP21 loci in gorilla and orangutan

1992 • 14 citations

Genetic mapping of C4 and Bf complement genes in the rat major histocompatibility complex

1988 • 14 citations

Restriction fragment analysis of duplication of the fourth component of complement (C4A)

1988 • 14 citations

Structure and polymorphism of the feline complement component C4

1986 • 14 citations

HETEROGENEITY AND LINKAGE OF EQUINE C4 AND STEROID 21‐HYDROXYLASE GENES

1987 • 12 citations

Application of molecular cloning to studies on the complement system.

1985 • 12 citations

Polymorphism of the fourth complement component in the dog

1985 • 11 citations

Analysis of the C4 genes in baleen whales using a human cDNA probe

1990 • 11 citations

Major histocompatibility complex ancestral haplotypes in the chimpanzee: Identification using C4 allotyping

1991 • 10 citations

Genetics of steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency

1985 • 10 citations

Molecular genetics of the S region of the murine H-2 major histocompatibility complex

1985 • 6 citations