Bulges in nucleic acids

Frameshift Mutations and the Genetic Code

1966 • 1,400 citations

RNA Structure Prediction

1988 • 654 citations

A bulge structure in HIV-1 TAR RNA is required for Tat binding and Tat-mediated trans-activation.

1990 • 412 citations

HIV-1 tat protein stimulates transcription by binding to a U-rich bulge in the stem of the TAR RNA structure.

1990 • 400 citations

The contrasting structures of mismatched DNA sequences containing looped-out bases (bulges) and multiple mismatches (bubbles)

1989 • 176 citations

RNA bulges and the helical periodicity of double-stranded RNA

1990 • 163 citations

Thermodynamic and spectroscopic study of bulge loops in oligoribonucleotides

1990 • 152 citations

Role of a bulged A residue in a specific RNA-protein interaction

1987 • 134 citations

Extra adenosine stacks into the self-complementary d(CGCAGAATTCGCG) duplex in solution

1982 • 123 citations

Contributions of dangling end stacking and terminal base-pair formation to the stabilities of XGGCCp, XCCGGp, XGGCCYp, and XCCGGYp helixes

1985 • 122 citations

Evidence for several higher order structural elements in ribosomal RNA.

1989 • 116 citations

Free energy of imperfect nucleic acid helices

1972 • 111 citations

The three-dimensional structure of a DNA duplex containing looped-out bases

1988 • 99 citations

Kinetics for exchange of imino protons in the d(C-G-C-G-A-A-T-T-C-G-C-G) double helix and in two similar helices that contain a G.cntdot.T base pair, d(C-G-T-G-A-A-T-T-C-G-C-G), and an extra adenine, d(C-G-C-A-G-A-A-T-T-C-G-C-G)

1982 • 92 citations

DNA bending by the bulge defect

1989 • 88 citations

Unpaired cytosine in the deoxyoligonucleotide duplex dCA3CA3G.cntdot.dCT6G is outside of the helix

1983 • 85 citations

Conformational transitions in thymidine bulge-containing deoxytridecanucleotide duplexes. Role of flanking sequence and temperature in modulating the equilibrium between looped out and stacked thymidine bulge states.

1990 • 84 citations

Structural model for an oligonucleotide containing a bulged guanosine by NMR and energy minimization

1988 • 80 citations

Conformational transitions in cytidine bulge-containing deoxytridecanucleotide duplexes: extra cytidine equilibrates between looped out (low temperature) and stacked (elevated temperature) conformations in solution

1989 • 76 citations

Crystal structure of 15-mer DNA duplex containing unpaired bases

1988 • 68 citations

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies on bulge-containing DNA oligonucleotides from a mutational hot-spot sequence

1987 • 68 citations

Thermodynamic characterization of deoxyribooligonucleotide duplexes containing bulges

1991 • 68 citations

Bulge loops used to measure the helical twist of RNA in solution

1990 • 66 citations

Conformation of Adenosine Bulge-containing Deoxytridecanucleotide Duplexes in Solution

1989 • 61 citations

Effects of bulge composition and flanking sequence on the kinking of DNA by bulged bases

1991 • 60 citations

Thermal stability of RNA hairpins containing a four-membered loop and a bulge nucleotide

1989 • 54 citations

Differential hydration of dA.cntdot.dT base pairing and dA and dT bulges in deoxyoligonucleotides

1991 • 53 citations

NMR studies of a deoxyribodecanucleotide containing an extrahelical thymidine surrounded by an oligo(dA).cntdot.oligo(dT) tract

1990 • 49 citations

Conformational perturbation due to an extra adenosine in a self‐complementary oligodeoxynucleotide duplex

1987 • 43 citations

Effects of single-base bulges on intercalator binding to small RNA and DNA hairpins and a ribosomal RNA fragment

1989 • 43 citations

Refolded HIV-1 tat protein protects both bulge and loop nucleotides in TAR RNA from ribonucleolytic cleavage

1991 • 42 citations

Extra thymidine stacks into the d(CTGGTGCGG).d(CCGCCCAG) duplex. An NMR and modelbuilding study

1988 • 39 citations

Bulge-out structures in the single-stranded trimer AUA and in the duplex (CUGGUGCGG).(CCGCCCAG). A model-building and NMR study

1988 • 39 citations

A difference in the importance of bulged nucleotides and their parent base pairs in the binding of transcription factor IIIA toXenopus5S RNA and 5S RNA genes

1989 • 32 citations

Conformation of a bulge‐containing oligomer from a hot‐spot sequence by NMR and energy minimization

1989 • 26 citations