Neural dynamics of attentionally modulated Pavlovian conditioning: Conditioned reinforcement, inhibition, and opponent processing

A theory of Pavlovian conditioning : Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement

1972 • 6,687 citations

The American Journal of Physiology

1899 • 5,863 citations

Mood and memory.

1981 • 5,114 citations

Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory.

1972 • 4,453 citations

Mood and memory.

1981 • 3,889 citations

A model for Pavlovian learning: Variations in the effectiveness of conditioned but not of unconditioned stimuli.

1980 • 2,919 citations

A massively parallel architecture for a self-organizing neural pattern recognition machine

1987 • 2,504 citations

Punishment and aversive behavior

1969 • 1,994 citations

Relation of cue to consequence in avoidance learning

1966 • 1,963 citations

Adaptive pattern classification and universal recoding: I. Parallel development and coding of neural feature detectors

1976 • 1,931 citations

An opponent-process theory of motivation: I. Temporal dynamics of affect.

1974 • 1,644 citations

Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1961

1963 • 1,600 citations

Toward a modern theory of adaptive networks: Expectation and prediction.

1981 • 1,416 citations

Predictability, surprise, attention, and conditioning

1967 • 1,402 citations

How Does a Brain Build a Cognitive Code?

1982 • 1,214 citations

Neural dynamics of form perception: Boundary completion, illusory figures, and neon color spreading.

1985 • 1,100 citations

How does a brain build a cognitive code?

1980 • 1,070 citations

Probability of shock in the presence and absence of cs in fear conditioning.

1968 • 1,051 citations

Adaptive pattern classification and universal recoding: II. Feedback, expectation, olfaction, illusions

1976 • 955 citations

The opponent-process theory of acquired motivation: The costs of pleasure and the benefits of pain.

1980 • 932 citations

Cerebellum: Essential Involvement in the Classically Conditioned Eyelid Response

1984 • 902 citations

The opponent-process theory of acquired motivation: The costs of pleasure and the benefits of pain.

1980 • 853 citations

Neural dynamics of planned arm movements: Emergent invariants and speed-accuracy properties during trajectory formation.

1988 • 803 citations

Aversive Conditioning and Learning

1971 • 764 citations

Miami Symposium on the prediction of behavior, 1967 : aversive stimulation

1968 • 716 citations

Biological boundaries of learning

1972 • 664 citations

Contour Enhancement, Short Term Memory, and Constancies in Reverberating Neural Networks

1982 • 651 citations

"Attention-like" processes in classical conditioning

1968 • 643 citations

Information processing in animals : conditioned inhibition

1985 • 624 citations

A Cellular Mechanism of Classical Conditioning in Aplysia : Activity-Dependent Amplification of Presynaptic Facilitation

1983 • 620 citations

Contour Enhancement, Short Term Memory, and Constancies in Reverberating Neural Networks

1973 • 612 citations

Studies of Mind and Brain

1982 • 571 citations

Neuronal plasticity in the limbic system during classical conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response. I. The hippocampus

1978 • 523 citations

Studies of mind and brain : neural principles of learning, perception, development, cognition, and motor control

1982 • 492 citations

An Opponent-Process Theory of Motivation

2008 • 470 citations

Reinforcement and Behavior

1969 • 469 citations

Acquisition and extinction of a classically conditioned response in hippocampectomized rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

1972 • 441 citations

Associations in second-order conditioning and sensory preconditioning.

1972 • 410 citations

Brain and information: Event-related potentials

1985 • 397 citations

JOURNAL OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR

1995 • 370 citations

Selectivity of learning caused by affective states.

1981 • 367 citations

Processing of expected and unexpected events during conditioning and attention: A psychophysiological theory.

1982 • 366 citations

A Neural Model of Attention, Reinforcement and Discrimination Learning

1975 • 358 citations

Neural dynamics of word recognition and recall: Attentional priming, learning, and resonance.

1986 • 338 citations

Biological Psychiatry

1985 • 337 citations

Cortical dynamics of three-dimensional form, color, and brightness perception: II. Binocular theory

1987 • 323 citations

Inhibition of avoidance behavior.

1965 • 322 citations

THE POST‐REINFORCEMENT PAUSE¹

1966 • 313 citations

Stimulus selection: Learning to ignore stimuli that predict no change in reinforcement.

1973 • 311 citations

Biological Boundaries of Learning

1973 • 300 citations

The Physiological Mechanisms of Motivation

1982 • 274 citations

On the dynamics of operant conditioning

1971 • 268 citations

Brain and information: event-related potentials.

1984 • 262 citations

Synergetics of the Brain

1983 • 261 citations

A Theory of Human Memory: Self-Organization and Performance of Sensory-Motor Codes, Maps, and Plans

1982 • 256 citations

Neuropsychological interpretation of the effects of drive and incentive-motivation on general activity and instrumental behavior.

1968 • 242 citations

Some Networks That Can Learn, Remember, and Reproduce any Number of Complicated Space-Time Patterns, I

1969 • 234 citations

A neural theory of punishment and avoidance, II: quantitative theory

1972 • 229 citations

A Neural Theory of Punishment and Avoidance, II: Quantitative Theory

1982 • 225 citations

A Theory of Human Memory: Self-Organization and Performance of Sensory-Motor Codes, Maps, and Plans

1978 • 223 citations

Extinction of Pavlovian conditioned inhibition.

1974 • 217 citations

Neural dynamics of decision making under risk: Affective balance and cognitive-emotional interactions.

1987 • 216 citations

Cortical dynamics of three-dimensional form, color, and brightness perception: I. Monocular theory

1987 • 206 citations

The quantized geometry of visual space: The coherent computation of depth, form, and lightness

1983 • 202 citations

Synapses, circuits, and the beginnings of memory

1986 • 201 citations

On learning and energy-entropy dependence in recurrent and nonrecurrent signed networks

1969 • 194 citations

Behavioral Measurement of Conditioned Fear11This chapter was completed in February, 1969, while the authors were at Syracuse University.

1971 • 192 citations

A nonassociative aspect of overshadowing

1981 • 187 citations

Second-order conditioning with food unconditioned stimulus.

1975 • 185 citations

Some physiological and biochemical consequences of psychological postulates.

1968 • 182 citations

Changes in the circuitry of the kitten visual cortex are gated by postsynaptic activity

1979 • 181 citations

INCENTIVE THEORY: II. MODELS FOR CHOICE

1982 • 176 citations

Synapses, circuits, and the beginnings of memory

1987 • 173 citations

Relaxation Theory and Experiments

1971 • 172 citations

Some Networks that can Learn, Remember, and Reproduce any Number of Complicated Space‐time

1970 • 154 citations

Partial reinforcement in autoshaping with pigeons

1980 • 147 citations

On the production and release of chemical transmitters and related topics in cellular control

1969 • 143 citations

Adaptation in a vertebrate retina: intracellular recording in Necturus.

1971 • 142 citations

Second-order conditioning of the pigeon’s keypeck

1977 • 139 citations

Neural Dynamics of Speech And Language Coding: Developmental Programs, Perceptual Grouping, And Competition For Short Term Memory

1987 • 139 citations

Voltage-Dependent Calcium and Potassium Ion Conductances: A Contingency Mechanism for an Associative Learning Model

1979 • 135 citations

Primary neural substrates of learning and behavioral change

1984 • 131 citations

Neural Dynamics of Category Learning and Recognition: Attention, Memory Consolidation, and Amnesia

1987 • 130 citations

Backward conditoning as an inhibitory procedure

1971 • 125 citations

Neural Dynamics of Adaptive Sensory-Motor Control - Ballistic Eye Movements

1986 • 123 citations

Masking fields: a massively parallel neural architecture for learning, recognizing, and predicting multiple groupings of patterned data

1987 • 121 citations

A neural theory of punishment and avoidance, I: Qualitative theory

1972 • 121 citations

Specificity of cue to consequence in aversion learning in the rat

1972 • 120 citations

Some normal and abnormal behavioral syndromes due to transmitter gating of opponent processes.

1984 • 119 citations

Synaptic Modification, Neuron Selectivity, and Nervous System Organization

2014 • 114 citations

Attention in the pigeon: Differential effects of food-getting versus shock-avoidance procedures.

1973 • 107 citations

Inhibition as a "slave" process: Deactivation of conditioned inhibition through extinction of conditioned excitation.

1985 • 106 citations

A neural theory of circadian rhythms: Split rhythms, after-effects and motivational interactions

1985 • 96 citations

Neural dynamics of attention switching and temporal-order information in short-term memory

1986 • 95 citations

Adaptation And Transmitter Gating in Vertebrate Photoreceptors

1987 • 94 citations

A Psychophysiological Theory of Reinforcement, Drive, Motivation, and Attention

1987 • 93 citations

TWO DIFFERENT KINDS OF KEY PECK IN THE PIGEON: SOME PROPERTIES OF RESPONSES MAINTAINED BY NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE RESPONSE‐REINFORCER CONTINGENCIES¹

1972 • 90 citations

Some Psychophysiological and Pharmacological Correlates of a Developmental, Cognitive and Motivational Theory^a

1984 • 88 citations

Probing cognitive processes through the structure of event-related potentials during learning: an experimental and theoretical analysis

1987 • 82 citations

A neural theory of circadian rhythms: The gated pacemaker

1983 • 80 citations

Punishment: Method and theory.

1971 • 79 citations

Autoshaping chicks with heat reinforcement: The role of stimulus-reinforcer and response-reinforcer relations.

1975 • 78 citations

Stimulus-reinforcer predictiveness and selective discrimination learning in pigeons.

1974 • 76 citations

The inverse relationship between shock intensity and shuttle-box avoidance learning in rats: A reinforcement explanation.

1971 • 75 citations

Effects of UCS preexposure on excitatory and inhibitory rabbit eyelid conditioning: An associative effect of conditioned contextual stimuli.

1982 • 67 citations

Autoshaping chicks with heat reinforcement: The role of stimulus-reinforcer and response-reinforcer relations.

1975 • 67 citations

A neural theory of circadian rhythms: Aschoff's rule in diurnal and nocturnal mammals

1984 • 65 citations

Establishment of a positive reinforcer through contrast with shock.

1969 • 62 citations

The course of Pavlovian excitation and inhibition of fear in rats.

1969 • 60 citations

Resistance to extinction as a function of the fixed ratio.

1961 • 59 citations

SOME VARIABLES AFFECTING RATE OF KEY PECKING DURING RESPONSE‐INDEPENDENT PROCEDURES (AUTOSHAPING)¹

1975 • 58 citations

Neural Dynamics of Attentionally Modulated Pavlovian Conditioning: Blocking, Inter-Stimulus Interval, and Secondary Reinforcement

1988 • 58 citations

The Reward-Value of Indifferent Stimulation

1969 • 57 citations

Is termination of a warning signal an effective reward for the rat?

1970 • 53 citations

Partial quantification of the associative synaptic learning rule of the dentate gyrus

1983 • 51 citations

Changes of Membrane Currents During Learning

1984 • 48 citations

Conditioned inhibition is not the symmetrical opposite of conditioned excitation: A test of the Rescorla-Wagner model

1974 • 41 citations

Retardation of fear acquisition by a previously inhibitory CS.

1968 • 38 citations

Inhibitory Conditioning Resulting from a Reduction in the Magnitude of Reinforcement

1982 • 37 citations

Tests of two explanations of response elimination by noncontingent reinforcement

1983 • 36 citations

Higher Order Autoshaping

1977 • 33 citations

The effect of drug habituation before and after taste aversion learning in rats

1976 • 30 citations

Improvement in Habit-Reversal as a Function of Amount of Training Per Reversal and Other Variables

1966 • 30 citations

Neuronal Activity as a Shaping Factor in the Self-Organization of Neuron Assemblies

1983 • 29 citations

The effect of frequency of reinforcement upon the level of conditioning.

1939 • 28 citations

Classical conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response: Effects of reinforcement schedule on response maintenance and resistance to extinction

1978 • 28 citations

ENHANCEMENT OF OFF‐KEY PECKING BY ON‐KEY PUNISHMENT¹

1969 • 23 citations

Relaxation and fear as determinants of maintained avoidance in rats.

1970 • 20 citations

Effects of partial reinforcement (25%) in an autoshaping procedure

1973 • 20 citations

EFFECTS OF VARYING THE PERCENTAGE OF KEY ILLUMINATIONS PAIRED WITH FOOD IN A POSITIVE AUTOMAINTENANCE PROCEDURE¹

1974 • 20 citations

Analyzing the random control procedure: Effects of paired and unpaired CSs and USs on autoshaping the chick's key peck with heat reinforcement

1977 • 19 citations

Conditioned approach and withdrawal behavior in pigeons: Effects of a novel extraneous stimulus during acquisition and extinction

1982 • 16 citations

Successive acquisitions and extinctions of discrete bar-pressing in monkeys and rats

1969 • 16 citations

Variations in explicitly unpaired training are differentially effective in producing conditioned inhibition

1984 • 11 citations

Cognition, learning, reinforcement, and rhythm

1987 • 4 citations

The Opponent Processes in Acquired Motivation

1982 • 3 citations

Extinction of Pavlovian conditioned inhibition.

1978 • 3 citations

Vision, speech, language, and motor control

1987 • 2 citations

The Hypothalamic Control of Eating and Circadian Rhythms: Opponent Processes and Their Chemical Modulators

1985 • 2 citations