The role of metals in site-specific DNA damage with reference to carcinogenesis1,2 1Guest Editor: Miral Dizdaroglu 2This article is part of a series of reviews on “Oxidative DNA Damage and Repair.” The full list of papers may be found on the homepage of the journal.

[57] Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages

1980 • 15,302 citations

Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer

1996 • 2,327 citations

Insertion of specific bases during DNA synthesis past the oxidation-damaged base 8-oxodG

1991 • 2,172 citations

Undetectable Intracellular Free Copper: The Requirement of a Copper Chaperone for Superoxide Dismutase

1999 • 1,573 citations

Formation of nitric oxide-derived inflammatory oxidants by myeloperoxidase in neutrophils

1998 • 1,494 citations

Chronic infections and inflammatory processes as cancer risk factors: possible role of nitric oxide in carcinogenesis

1994 • 1,065 citations

Complete nucleotide sequences of the T24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene and its normal homologue

1983 • 1,028 citations

Structural basis for recognition and repair of the endogenous mutagen 8-oxoguanine in DNA

2000 • 931 citations

Theoretical Studies of GG-Specific Photocleavage of DNA via Electron Transfer: Significant Lowering of Ionization Potential and 5‘-Localization of HOMO of Stacked GG Bases in B-Form DNA

1996 • 622 citations

Body Iron Stores and the Risk of Cancer

1988 • 578 citations

Skin Tumor-Promoting Activity of Benzoyl Peroxide, a Widely Used Free Radical-Generating Compound

1981 • 510 citations

Carcinogen-mediated oxidant formation and oxidative DNA damage

1992 • 387 citations

Potential genotoxicity of chronically elevated nitric oxide: A review

1995 • 385 citations

Hydroxyl free radical is not the main active species in site-specific DNA damage induced by copper (II) ion and hydrogen peroxide

1989 • 354 citations

Mechanism of DNA cleavage induced by sodium chromate(VI) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.

1986 • 308 citations

Identification of human MutY homolog (hMYH) as a repair enzyme for 2-hydroxyadenine in DNA and detection of multiple forms of hMYH located in nuclei and mitochondria

2000 • 306 citations

Carcinogenicity of metal compounds: possible role of DNA repair inhibition

1998 • 281 citations

Possible Role of Oxidative Damage in Metal-Induced Carcinogenesis

1995 • 261 citations

Oxidative DNA and RNA damage in the livers of Sprague-Dawley rats treated with the hepatocarcinogen 2-nitropropane.

1989 • 250 citations

Nephrotoxicity and Renal Cell Carcinoma After Use of Iron- and Aluminum-Nitrilotriacetate Complexes in Rats<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>

1986 • 199 citations

Hydroxyl radical production and human DNA damage induced by ferric nitrilotriacetate and hydrogen peroxide.

1987 • 196 citations

The toxicity of benzene and its metabolism and molecular pathology in human risk assessment.

1991 • 193 citations

Substrate Specificity and Reaction Mechanism of Murine 8-Oxoguanine-DNA Glycosylase

2000 • 192 citations

Iron(II)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid catalyzed cleavage of RNA and DNA oligonucleotides: similar reactivity toward single- and double-stranded forms

1990 • 192 citations

Mitochondrial DNA damage and a hypoxic response are induced by CoCl2 in rat neuronal PC12 cells

2000 • 174 citations

The presence of two distinct 8-oxoguanine repair enzymes in human cells: their potential complementary roles in preventing mutation

1998 • 165 citations

Copper and genomic stability in mammals

2001 • 162 citations

Oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis induced by benzene metabolites.

1996 • 146 citations

Metabolism of Drugs and Other Xenobiotics

2012 • 120 citations

High incidence of allelic loss on chromosome 5 and inactivation of p15INK4B and p16INK4A tumor suppressor genes in oxystress-induced renal cell carcinoma of rats

1999 • 118 citations

Role of Iron and Superoxide for Generation of Hydroxyl Radical, Oxidative DNA Lesions, and Mutagenesis in Escherichia coli

1999 • 116 citations

Site-Specific DNA Damage Induced by NADH in the Presence of Copper(II): Role of Active Oxygen Species

1996 • 114 citations

ESR evidence for superoxide, hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen produced from hydrogen peroxide and nickel(II) complex of glycylglycyl-L-histidine

1989 • 111 citations

Oxidative DNA Damage: Endogenous and Chemically Induced

2000 • 110 citations

Site specificity and mechanism of oxidative DNA damage induced by carcinogenic catechol

2001 • 104 citations

Iron and its sensitive balance in the cell

2001 • 103 citations

Excision of Products of Oxidative DNA Base Damage by Human NTH1 Protein

1998 • 100 citations

Oxidative DNA Damage and Apoptosis Induced by Metabolites of Butylated Hydroxytoluene

1998 • 95 citations

Structural integrity of the nuclear matrix: Differential effects of thiol agents and metal chelators

1986 • 83 citations

Site-specific DNA damage induced by cobalt(II) ion and hydrogen peroxide: role of singlet oxygen

1989 • 82 citations

Immunochemical, 32P-postlabeling, and GC/MS detection of 4-aminobiphenyl–DNA adducts in human peripheral lung in relation to metabolic activation pathways involving pulmonary N-oxidation, conjugation, and peroxidation

1997 • 79 citations

Human DNA damage induced by 1,2,4-benzenetriol, a benzene metabolite.

1989 • 79 citations

Biomonitoring of urinary aromatic amines and arylamine hemoglobin adducts in exposed workers and nonexposed control persons

1996 • 79 citations

Cobalt and Cobalt Compounds

2005 • 78 citations

Oxidative DNA Damage by Minor Metabolites of Toluene May Lead to Carcinogenesis and Reproductive Dysfunction

1999 • 78 citations

Disposition and Biological Activity of Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dione. A Genotoxic Metabolite Generated by Dihydrodiol Dehydrogenase^,

1996 • 73 citations

High production of catalase in hydrogen peroxide-resistant human leukemia HL-60 cell lines

1992 • 71 citations

Iron-induced oxidative DNA damage and its repair in primary rat hepatocyte culture

1998 • 71 citations

[Oxidative DNA damage].

2001 • 70 citations

Epidemiological and experimental aspects of metal carcinogenesis: physicochemical properties, kinetics, and the active species.

1991 • 68 citations

Oxidative DNA damage in cultured cells and rat lungs by carcinogenic nickel compounds

2001 • 67 citations

Role of active oxygen species in DNA damage by pentachlorophenol metabolites

1994 • 66 citations

Cu(II)/H₂O₂-Induced DNA Damage Is Enhanced by Packaging of DNA as a Nucleosome

2001 • 66 citations

Site-specific DNA damage induced by nickel(II) ion in the presence of hydrogen peroxide

1989 • 65 citations

Excision of 8-oxoguanine within clustered damage by the yeast OGG1 protein

2001 • 61 citations

Biochemistry of redox reactions

1995 • 60 citations

Catechol estrogen conjugates and DNA adducts in the kidney of male Syrian golden hamsters treated with 4-hydroxyestradiol: potential biomarkers for estrogen-initiated cancer

2001 • 60 citations

Subchronic inhalation toxicity of nitromethane and 2-nitropropane.

1979 • 59 citations

Inhibition of 8-Hydroxyguanine Repair in Testes after Administration of Cadmium Chloride to GSH-Depleted Rats

1997 • 57 citations

Abnormal Copper Accumulation in Non‐cancerous and Cancerous Liver Tissues of LEC Rats Developing Hereditary Hepatitis and Spontaneous Hepatoma

1991 • 56 citations

Site-specific DNA damage induced by UVA radiation in the presence of endogenous photosensitizer.

1997 • 54 citations

Site-Specific Oxidation at GG and GGG Sequences in Double-Stranded DNA by Benzoyl Peroxide as a Tumor Promoter

1999 • 53 citations

Expression of base excision repair enzymes in rat and mouse liver is induced by peroxisome proliferators and is dependent upon carcinogenic potency

2000 • 52 citations

Solvents in pesticides.

1993 • 52 citations

DNA fragmentation, DNA-protein crosslinks, 32P postlabeled nucleotidic modifications, and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in the lung but not in the liver of rats receiving intratracheal instillations of chromium(VI). Chemoprevention by oral N-acetylcysteine

1998 • 51 citations

Caffeic acid causes metal-dependent damage to cellular and isolated DNA through H₂O₂ formation

1992 • 51 citations

GENERATION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES BY Co(II) FROM H2O2 IN THE PRESENCE OF CHELATORS IN RELATION TO DNA DAMAGE AND 2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE HYDROXYLATION

1996 • 51 citations

Mechanism of oxidative DNA damage induced by delta-aminolevulinic acid in the presence of copper ion.

1996 • 50 citations

Superoxide dismutases enhance H₂O₂‐induced DNA damage and alter its site specificity

2001 • 48 citations

Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity of Nitromethane and 2-Nitropropane

1980 • 47 citations

Ferritin Stimulation of Hydroxyl Radical Production by Rat Liver Nuclei

1994 • 47 citations

Mechanism of oxidative DNA damage induced by carcinogenic 4-aminobiphenyl

2001 • 44 citations

Benzoyl Peroxide-Induced Damage to DNA and Its Components: Direct Evidence for the Generation of Base Adducts, Sugar Radicals, and Strand Breaks

1996 • 43 citations

Mutagenicity of o-anisidine to the bladder of lacI^– transgenic B6C3F1 mice: absence of ¹⁴C or ³²P bladder DNA adduction

1994 • 41 citations

Oxidative damage to cellular and isolated DNA by metabolites of a fungicide ortho-phenylphenol

1999 • 41 citations

[Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species].

1997 • 38 citations

The formation of both apurinic/apyrimidinic sites and single-strand breaks by chromate and glutathione arises from attack by the same single reactive species and is dependent on molecular oxygen

1995 • 38 citations

Oxidative DNA Damage by a Metabolite of Carcinogenic and Reproductive Toxic Nitrobenzene in the Presence of NADH and Cu(II)

1999 • 37 citations

Interactions of mercury and copper with constitutive heterochromatin and euchromatin in vivo and in vitro

1976 • 36 citations

Mechanism of metal-mediated DNA damage induced by metabolites of carcinogenic 2-nitropropane

2001 • 34 citations

Mechanism of Oxidative DNA Damage Induced by a Heterocyclic Amine, 2‐Amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline

1999 • 33 citations

Oxidative DNA damage induced by homogentisic acid, a tyrosine metabolite

1998 • 30 citations

DNA damage induced by metabolites of o-phenylphenol in the presence of copper(II) ion

1990 • 30 citations

Copper-mediated DNA damage by metabolites of p-dichlorobenzene

1996 • 30 citations

Organ-specific genotoxicity of the potent rodent bladder carcinogens o-anisidine and p-cresidine

1998 • 28 citations

Oxidative DNA Damage Induced by a Metabolite of Carcinogenic o-Anisidine: Enhancement of DNA Damage and Alteration in Its Sequence Specificity by Superoxide Dismutase

2001 • 27 citations

Copper in Human Mammary Carcinogenesis: A Case-Cohort Study

1993 • 26 citations

Urinary Excretion of Biomarkers of Oxidative Kidney Damage Induced by Ferric Nitrilotriacetate,

1998 • 26 citations

The formation of DNA cleaving species during the reduction of chromate by ascorbate

1994 • 26 citations

Thiol involvement in the inhibition of DNA repair by metals in mammalian cells.

1989 • 24 citations

Nonenzymatic Reduction of Nitro Derivative of a Heterocyclic Amine IQ by NADH and Cu(II) Leads to Oxidative DNA Damage

1999 • 24 citations

Distinct Mechanisms of Oxidative DNA Damage by Two Metabolites of Carcinogenic o-Toluidine

1999 • 23 citations

Reductive metabolism of 4-nitrobiphenyl by rat liver fraction

1997 • 17 citations

Effects of ionic strength on endogenous nuclease activity in chelated and nonchelated chromatin

1991 • 16 citations

A flow cytometric analysis of cytotoxic effects of nitrobenzene on rat spermatogenesis.

1997 • 15 citations

Carcinogenicity of metal compounds

1998 • 13 citations

Mutagenicity of 4-Aminobiphenyl and 4-Acetylaminobiphenyl in Salmonella typhimurium Strains Expressing Different Levels of N-Acetyltransferase

1999 • 12 citations

Species Differences in the Covalent Binding of p-Chloro-o-Toluidine to DNA

1986 • 9 citations

Binding and the nature of Cu(II) ion interaction with nucleosomes

1998 • 7 citations