Treatment of drug-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia

A Prediction Rule to Identify Low-Risk Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia

1997 • 4,477 citations

State‐of‐the‐Art Clinical Article: Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Parameters: Rationale for Antibacterial Dosing of Mice and Men

1998 • 2,792 citations

Practice Guidelines for the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults

2000 • 2,295 citations

Decreased Susceptibility ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeto Fluoroquinolones in Canada

1999 • 1,012 citations

Pneumococcal Bacteremia with Especial Reference to Bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia

1964 • 947 citations

Antimicrobial Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: An Overview

1992 • 892 citations

Resistance to Penicillin and Cephalosporin and Mortality from Severe Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Barcelona, Spain

1995 • 785 citations

Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Era of Pneumococcal Resistance

2000 • 629 citations

Mortality from invasive pneumococcal pneumonia in the era of antibiotic resistance, 1995-1997

2000 • 596 citations

Resistance to Levofloxacin and Failure of Treatment of Pneumococcal Pneumonia

2002 • 536 citations

Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from outpatients in the United States during the winter months of 1994 to 1995: results of a 30-center national surveillance study

1996 • 493 citations

Involvement of topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase as ciprofloxacin targets in Streptococcus pneumoniae

1996 • 430 citations

A multicenter, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of intravenous and/or oral levofloxacin versus ceftriaxone and/or cefuroxime axetil in treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia

1997 • 367 citations

Failure of Macrolide Antibiotic Treatment in Patients with Bacteremia Due to Erythromycin‐ResistantStreptococcus pneumoniae

2002 • 331 citations

Susceptibilities of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae to 10 Oral Antimicrobial Agents Based on Pharmacodynamic Parameters: 1997 U.S. Surveillance Study

1999 • 324 citations

Macrolide Resistance Among Invasive <EMPH TYPE="ITAL">Streptococcus pneumoniae</EMPH> Isolates

2001 • 316 citations

Mutant Prevention Concentrations of Fluoroquinolones for Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae

2001 • 312 citations

mefE is necessary for the erythromycin-resistant M phenotype in Streptococcus pneumoniae

1997 • 304 citations

Pharmacodynamics of Fluoroquinolones against Streptococcus pneumoniae in Patients with Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Infections

2001 • 300 citations

Antibiotic therapy of community respiratory tract infections: strategies for optimal outcomes and minimized resistance emergence

2002 • 295 citations

Mutations in 23S rRNA and Ribosomal Protein L4 Account for Resistance in Pneumococcal Strains Selected In Vitro by Macrolide Passage

2000 • 283 citations

Impact of Penicillin Susceptibility on Medical Outcomes for Adult Patients with Bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia

2000 • 275 citations

Identification of an Efflux Pump Gene, pmrA , Associated with Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae

1999 • 258 citations

Spread of Drug‐ResistantStreptococcus pneumoniaein Asian Countries: Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) Study

1999 • 256 citations

Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance of Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Bellvitge Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (1979-1990)

1992 • 254 citations

Two New Mechanisms of Macrolide Resistance in Clinical Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Eastern Europe and North America

2000 • 253 citations

Breakthrough Pneumococcal Bacteremia in Patients Being Treated with Azithromycin and Clarithromycin

2000 • 237 citations

Bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in one American city: a 20-year longitudinal study, 1978–1997

1999 • 236 citations

Increasing resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones: results of a Hong Kong multicentre study in 2000

2001 • 235 citations

Measuring the comparative efficacy of antibacterial agents for acute otitis media: The “Pollyanna phenomenon”

1992 • 228 citations

Predictive Factors for Invasive Disease Due to Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: A Population-Based Study

1994 • 227 citations

Risk Factors for Acquisition of Levofloxacin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: A Case-Control Study

2001 • 217 citations

Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of 1,684 Streptococcus pneumoniae and 2,039 Streptococcus pyogenes Isolates and Their Ecological Relationships: Results of a 1-Year (1998–1999) Multicenter Surveillance Study in Spain

2001 • 208 citations

Azithromycin: 3-Day Versus 5-Day Course in the Treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections in Children

1997 • 205 citations

Comparison of the response to antimicrobial therapy of penicillin-resistant and penicillin-susceptible pneumococcal disease

1995 • 202 citations

Antimicrobial Resistance withStreptococcus pneumoniaein the United States, 1997–98

1999 • 188 citations

Prevalence and Characterization of the Mechanisms of Macrolide, Lincosamide, and Streptogramin Resistance in Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae

1998 • 180 citations

Streptococcus pneumoniae : molecular biology & mechanisms of disease

2000 • 179 citations

Inhibition of the expression of penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae by inactivation of cell wall muropeptide branching genes

2000 • 179 citations

Prevalence of Macrolide Resistance Mechanisms in Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from a Multicenter Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance Study Conducted in the United States in 1994-1995

1999 • 177 citations

Contribution of mutations in gyrA and parC genes to fluoroquinolone resistance of mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained in vivo and in vitro

1996 • 176 citations

Association Between FcγRIIa-R131 Allotype and Bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia

2000 • 172 citations

Antimicrobial Resistance of 1,113 Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in Spain: Results of a 1-Year (1996–1997) Multicenter Surveillance Study

1999 • 170 citations

Survey of Susceptibilities of Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , and Moraxella catarrhalis Isolates to 26 Antimicrobial Agents: a Prospective U.S. Study

1999 • 168 citations

Primary Targets of Fluoroquinolones in Streptococcus pneumoniae

1999 • 166 citations

Penicillin Resistance and Other Predictors of Mortality in Pneumococcal Bacteremia in a Population with High Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seroprevalence

1999 • 159 citations

Prevalence of gyrA , gyrB , parC , and parE Mutations in Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae with Decreased Susceptibilities to Different Fluoroquinolones and Originating from Worldwide Surveillance Studies during the 1997-1998 Respiratory Season

2000 • 156 citations

Risk Factors and Course of Illness Among Children With Invasive Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

1999 • 150 citations

A biological price of antibiotic resistance: major changes in the peptidoglycan structure of penicillin-resistant pneumococci.

1990 • 146 citations

In Vitro and In Vivo Antimicrobial Activities of T-3811ME, a Novel Des-F(6)-Quinolone

1999 • 146 citations

Clinical Outcomes of Bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance

2001 • 145 citations

Susceptibilities of Penicillin- and Erythromycin-Susceptible and -Resistant Pneumococci to HMR 3647 (RU 66647), a New Ketolide, Compared with Susceptibilities to 17 Other Agents

1998 • 140 citations

Bacteremic Pneumonia Due to Multidrug-Resistant Pneumococci in 3 Patients Treated Unsuccessfully with Azithromycin and Successfully with Levofloxacin

2000 • 134 citations

Characterization of a mutation in the parE gene that confers fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae

1997 • 131 citations

Antimicrobial Use and the Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance withStreptococcus pneumoniaein the United States

2001 • 130 citations

Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae : Contributions of Type II Topoisomerase Mutations and Efflux to Levels of Resistance

2000 • 122 citations

Mutation in 23S rRNA Responsible for Resistance to 16-Membered Macrolides and Streptogramins in Streptococcus pneumoniae

2001 • 122 citations

A Comparative Study of Levofloxacin and Ceftriaxone in the Treatment of Hospitalized Patients with Pneumonia

1998 • 119 citations

Inappropriate Use of Oral Ciprofloxacin

1990 • 110 citations

Patterns of Macrolide Resistance Determinants among Community-Acquired Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates over a 5-Year Period of Decreased Macrolide Susceptibility Rates

1999 • 96 citations

Selection of Streptococcus pneumoniae Mutants Having Reduced Susceptibility to Moxifloxacin and Levofloxacin

2002 • 96 citations

Antipneumococcal Activities of Gemifloxacin Compared to Those of Nine Other Agents

2000 • 90 citations

Pneumonia Caused by Penicillin-non-susceptible and Penicillin-susceptible Pneumococci in Adults: A Case-Control Study

1998 • 86 citations

Extremely High Incidence of Macrolide and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Resistance among Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Taiwan

1999 • 84 citations

Susceptibilities to Telithromycin and Six Other Agents and Prevalence of Macrolide Resistance Due to L4 Ribosomal Protein Mutation among 992 Pneumococci from 10 Central and Eastern European Countries

2002 • 82 citations

Invasive Candidiasis: Turning Risk into a Practical Prevention Policy?

2001 • 79 citations

Pneumococcal bacteremia during Ciprofloxacin therapy for pneumococcal pneumonia

1989 • 77 citations

Japanese guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia

2001 • 75 citations

Pharmacodynamic Assessment of Clarithromycin in a Murine Model of Pneumococcal Pneumonia

2002 • 74 citations

PNEUMOCOCCUS RESISTANT TO ERYTHROMYCIN AND LINCOMYCIN

1967 • 73 citations

Breakthrough Sepsis in Macrolide-Resistant Pneumococcal Infection

1996 • 71 citations

In Vitro Exchange of Fluoroquinolone Resistance Determinants betweenStreptococcus pneumoniaeand Viridans Streptococci and Genomic Organization of theparE‐parCRegion inS. mitis

1999 • 71 citations

Prevalence of Single Mutations in Topoisomerase Type II Genes among Levofloxacin-Susceptible Clinical Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated in the United States in 1992 to 1996 and 1999 to 2000

2002 • 66 citations

Relationship between Capsular Type, Penicillin Susceptibility, and Virulence of Human Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Mice

2000 • 63 citations

Superinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae during therapy with ciprofloxacin

1990 • 61 citations

Emergence in France of Multiple Clones of Clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates with High-Level Resistance to Amoxicillin

1999 • 51 citations

Comparison of Pharmacodynamics of Azithromycin and Erythromycin In Vitro and In Vivo

1998 • 51 citations

In Vitro Selection of Resistance to Clinafloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, and Trovafloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae

2000 • 49 citations

Synergy between amoxicillin and gentamicin in combination against a highly penicillin-resistant and -tolerant strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a mouse pneumonia model

1996 • 46 citations

Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to penicillin in the USA and in-vitro susceptibility to selected oral antibiotics

1995 • 44 citations

Ciprofloxacin in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis

1986 • 44 citations

Impact of Antibiotic Resistance on Chemotherapy for Pneumococcal Infections

1998 • 44 citations

Fatal Meningitis Due to Levofloxacin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

1999 • 44 citations

PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS DURING THERAPY OF OTITIS MEDIA WITH CLARITHROMYCIN

1995 • 38 citations

Efficacy of High-Dose Amoxicillin-Clavulanate against Experimental Respiratory Tract Infections Caused by Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae

1999 • 38 citations

Microbiological and Pharmacodynamic Considerations in the Treatment of Infection Due to Antimicrobial-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

2000 • 32 citations

Efficacy of beta-lactam antibiotics combined with gentamicin against penicillin-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia in CBA/J mice

1999 • 32 citations

Comparative in vitro potency of gemifloxacin against European respiratory tract pathogens isolated in the Alexander Project

2000 • 31 citations

The epidemiology of penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

1999 • 29 citations

Antimicrobial activities of beta-lactam antibiotics and gentamicin against penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant pneumococci

1995 • 25 citations

Treatment of Pneumococcal Pneumonia

1941 • 21 citations

Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae to cefditoren, and provisional interpretive criteria

2000 • 21 citations

Will pneumococci put quinolones in their place?

1999 • 20 citations

Activities of oral and parenteral agents against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci

1995 • 19 citations

In-vitro killing activity of combinations of beta-lactam agents with aminoglycosides against penicillin-resistant pneumococci

1997 • 14 citations

Treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia: the case for penicillin G

1999 • 13 citations

Fluoroquinolone Resistance in

1999 • 12 citations

In vivo activity and pharmacodynamics of amoxicillin in combination with fosfomycin in fibrin clots infected with highly penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

1996 • 11 citations

Assessing the Quality of the Alexander Project

1999 • 11 citations

Treatment of Pneumococcal Pneumonia

1964 • 7 citations

Reply

2000 • 1 citations