Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae : Contributions of Type II Topoisomerase Mutations and Efflux to Levels of Resistance

Infectious Diseases Society of America

1969 • 2,591 citations

DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV, and the 4-quinolones

1997 • 1,249 citations

Decreased Susceptibility ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeto Fluoroquinolones in Canada

1999 • 1,012 citations

Community-Acquired Pneumonia

1995 • 987 citations

Community‐Acquired Pneumonia in Adults: Guidelines for Management

1998 • 862 citations

Crystal structure of the breakage–reunion domain of DNA gyrase

1997 • 447 citations

Involvement of topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase as ciprofloxacin targets in Streptococcus pneumoniae

1996 • 430 citations

Identification of an Efflux Pump Gene, pmrA , Associated with Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae

1999 • 258 citations

Targeting of DNA gyrase in Streptococcus pneumoniae by sparfloxacin: selective targeting of gyrase or topoisomerase IV by quinolones

1997 • 232 citations

High-level fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae requires mutations in parC and gyrA

1996 • 232 citations

ParC subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV of Streptococcus pneumoniae is a primary target of fluoroquinolones and cooperates with DNA gyrase A subunit in forming resistance phenotype

1996 • 226 citations

DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV Are Dual Targets of Clinafloxacin Action in Streptococcus pneumoniae

1998 • 204 citations

Prevalence of a Putative Efflux Mechanism among Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae

1998 • 202 citations

Contribution of mutations in gyrA and parC genes to fluoroquinolone resistance of mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained in vivo and in vitro

1996 • 176 citations

Primary Targets of Fluoroquinolones in Streptococcus pneumoniae

1999 • 166 citations

Prevalence of gyrA , gyrB , parC , and parE Mutations in Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae with Decreased Susceptibilities to Different Fluoroquinolones and Originating from Worldwide Surveillance Studies during the 1997-1998 Respiratory Season

2000 • 156 citations

Cloning and characterization of the parC and parE genes of Streptococcus pneumoniae encoding DNA topoisomerase IV: role in fluoroquinolone resistance

1996 • 155 citations

Quaternary changes in topoisomerase II may direct orthogonal movement of two DNA strands.

1999 • 147 citations

Activity of the new fluoroquinolone trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) against DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae selected in vitro

1996 • 136 citations

Characterization of a mutation in the parE gene that confers fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae

1997 • 131 citations

Active efflux as a mechanism of resistance to ciprofloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae

1997 • 114 citations

Activities of Newer Fluoroquinolones against Streptococcus pneumoniae Clinical Isolates Including Those with Mutations in the gyrA , parC , and parE Loci

1999 • 111 citations

Activities of New Fluoroquinolones against Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Pathogens of the Lower Respiratory Tract

1998 • 98 citations

In Vitro Development of Resistance to Five Quinolones and Amoxicillin-Clavulanate in Streptococcus pneumoniae

1999 • 83 citations

Contribution of Topoisomerase IV and DNA Gyrase Mutations in Streptococcus pneumoniae to Resistance to Novel Fluoroquinolones

1999 • 81 citations

ParC and GyrA May Be Interchangeable Initial Targets of Some Fluoroquinolones in Streptococcus pneumoniae

1999 • 79 citations

Ser-127-to-Leu substitution in the DNA gyrase B subunit of Streptococcus pneumoniae is implicated in novobiocin resistance

1995 • 54 citations

Sparfloxacin Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae : Involvement of Multiple Mutations in gyrA and parC Genes

1998 • 35 citations