Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Family and Its Relationship to Renal Complications of the Metabolic Syndrome

Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Provisional report of a WHO Consultation

1998 • 14,996 citations

Role of Insulin Resistance in Human Disease

1988 • 12,099 citations

Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Among US Adults

2002 • 6,823 citations

The fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity

2001 • 4,874 citations

Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome

2001 • 4,783 citations

The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes

2001 • 4,720 citations

Gemfibrozil for the Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Men with Low Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

1999 • 3,464 citations

Activation of a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily by peroxisome proliferators

1990 • 3,462 citations

PPAR-γ agonists inhibit production of monocyte inflammatory cytokines

1998 • 2,909 citations

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors: Nuclear Control of Metabolism*

1999 • 2,880 citations

15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin J2 is a ligand for the adipocyte determination factor PPARγ

1995 • 2,857 citations

Fatty acids and eicosanoids regulate gene expression through direct interactions with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ

1997 • 2,105 citations

PPARγ Is Required for the Differentiation of Adipose Tissue In Vivo and In Vitro

1999 • 1,963 citations

Oxidized LDL Regulates Macrophage Gene Expression through Ligand Activation of PPARγ

1998 • 1,819 citations

PPARγ Promotes Monocyte/Macrophage Differentiation and Uptake of Oxidized LDL

1998 • 1,771 citations

Convergence of 9-cis retinoic acid and peroxisome proliferator signalling pathways through heterodimer formation of their receptors

1992 • 1,751 citations

Mechanism of Action of Fibrates on Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism

1998 • 1,690 citations

Cholesterol Lowering With Simvastatin Improves Prognosis of Diabetic Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: A subgroup analysis of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)

1997 • 1,657 citations

PPARs and the complex journey to obesity

2004 • 1,543 citations

Dominant negative mutations in human PPARγ associated with severe insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and hypertension

1999 • 1,350 citations

PPARγ Mediates High-Fat Diet–Induced Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Insulin Resistance

1999 • 1,339 citations

A Pro12Ala substitution in PPARγ2 associated with decreased receptor activity, lower body mass index and improved insulin sensitivity

1998 • 1,339 citations

A PPARγ-LXR-ABCA1 Pathway in Macrophages Is Involved in Cholesterol Efflux and Atherogenesis

2001 • 1,287 citations

Peroxisome-Proliferator-Activated Receptor δ Activates Fat Metabolism to Prevent Obesity

2003 • 1,260 citations

Adiponectin and Metabolic Syndrome

2003 • 1,198 citations

The Organization, Promoter Analysis, and Expression of the Human PPARγ Gene

1997 • 1,183 citations

Activation of human aortic smooth-muscle cells is inhibited by PPARα but not by PPARγ activators

1998 • 1,138 citations

PPAR-α and PPAR-γ activators induce cholesterol removal from human macrophage foam cells through stimulation of the ABCA1 pathway

2001 • 1,134 citations

A selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ agonist promotes reverse cholesterol transport

2001 • 1,050 citations

New drug targets for type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome

2001 • 995 citations

A critical role for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in the cellular fasting response: The PPARα-null mouse as a model of fatty acid oxidation disorders

1999 • 931 citations

Activation of Proliferator-activated Receptors α and γ Induces Apoptosis of Human Monocyte-derived Macrophages

1998 • 914 citations

Emerging roles of PPARS in inflammation and immunity

2002 • 893 citations

Minireview: Lipid Metabolism, Metabolic Diseases, and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors

2003 • 864 citations

Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ ligands inhibit development of atherosclerosis in LDL receptor–deficient mice

2000 • 846 citations

The nuclear receptor ligand-binding domain: structure and function

1998 • 829 citations

Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ induces fatty acid β-oxidation in skeletal muscle and attenuates metabolic syndrome

2003 • 811 citations

Efficacy and Metabolic Effects of Metformin and Troglitazone in Type II Diabetes Mellitus

1998 • 798 citations

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in inflammation control

2001 • 759 citations

Resistin / Fizz3 Expression in Relation to Obesity and Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ Action in Humans

2001 • 748 citations

Tissue Distribution and Quantification of the Expression of mRNAs of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptors and Liver X Receptor-α in Humans: No Alteration in Adipose Tissue of Obese and NIDDM Patients

1997 • 697 citations

Effect of lipid reduction on the progression of renal disease: A meta-analysis

2001 • 669 citations

Growth, Adipose, Brain, and Skin Alterations Resulting from Targeted Disruption of the Mouse Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor β(δ)

2000 • 641 citations

Pioglitazone hydrochloride monotherapy improves glycemic control in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: a 6-month randomized placebo-controlled dose-response study. The Pioglitazone 001 Study Group.

2000 • 630 citations

Sensitization of diabetic and obese mice to insulin by retinoid X receptor agonists

1997 • 614 citations

PPARα Activators Inhibit Cytokine-Induced Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in Human Endothelial Cells

1999 • 600 citations

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Activators Inhibit Gene Expression and Migration in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

1998 • 594 citations

Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ on placentation, adiposity, and colorectal cancer

2001 • 591 citations

Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor γ and Metabolic Disease

2001 • 581 citations

Transcriptional Repression of Atherogenic Inflammation: Modulation by PPARδ

2003 • 580 citations

Induction of Adipocyte Complement-Related Protein of 30 Kilodaltons by PPARγ Agonists: A Potential Mechanism of Insulin Sensitization

2002 • 575 citations

Obesity Associated with a Mutation in a Genetic Regulator of Adipocyte Differentiation

1998 • 549 citations

Cytochrome P450 and arachidonic acid bioactivation: molecular and functional properties of the arachidonate monooxygenase

2000 • 546 citations

Regulation of adipocytokines and insulin resistance

2003 • 543 citations

Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor α Activation Modulates Cellular Redox Status, Represses Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling, and Reduces Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Aging

1998 • 542 citations

Expression of Putative Fatty Acid Transporter Genes Are Regulated by Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor α and γ Activators in a Tissue- and Inducer-specific Manner

1998 • 526 citations

Rosiglitazone Monotherapy Is Effective in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2001 • 501 citations

A critical role for PPARα-mediated lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy: Modulation by dietary fat content

2003 • 500 citations

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor δ controls muscle development and oxydative capability

2003 • 497 citations

Troglitazone inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell growth and intimal hyperplasia.

1996 • 486 citations

Differential activation of adipogenesis by multiple PPAR isoforms.

1996 • 470 citations

Potent Inhibitory Effect of Troglitazone on Carotid Arterial Wall Thickness in Type 2 Diabetes

1998 • 463 citations

Expression and Function of PPARγ in Rat and Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

2000 • 439 citations

Human Metabolic Syndrome Resulting From Dominant-Negative Mutations in the Nuclear Receptor Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ

2003 • 424 citations

Synthetic Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonist, Rosiglitazone, Increases Plasma Levels of Adiponectin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2002 • 413 citations

Improved insulin-sensitivity in mice heterozygous for PPAR-γ deficiency

2000 • 401 citations

Troglitazone Inhibits Formation of Early Atherosclerotic Lesions in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Deficient Mice

2001 • 396 citations

Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor α-Isoform Deficiency Leads to Progressive Dyslipidemia with Sexually Dimorphic Obesity and Steatosis

1998 • 395 citations

An Essential Regulator of Adipogenesis and Modulator of Fat Cell Function: PPARγ

1999 • 384 citations

Cardiac and Glycemic Benefits of Troglitazone Treatment in NIDDM

1997 • 372 citations

PPARγ Activation in Human Endothelial Cells Increases Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type-1 Expression

1999 • 370 citations

The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor β/δ Agonist, GW501516, Regulates the Expression of Genes Involved in Lipid Catabolism and Energy Uncoupling in Skeletal Muscle Cells

2003 • 369 citations

Structure, Endothelial Function, Cell Growth, and Inflammation in Blood Vessels of Angiotensin II–Infused Rats

2002 • 345 citations

PPARγ3 mRNA: a distinct PPARγ mRNA subtype transcribed from an independent promoter

1998 • 334 citations

Activation of PPARδ alters lipid metabolism in db/db mice

2000 • 313 citations

Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Events With Low HDL Cholesterol

2003 • 307 citations

PPARδ is a very low-density lipoprotein sensor in macrophages

2003 • 297 citations

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): Novel therapeutic targets in renal disease

2001 • 291 citations

Enhancement of insulin sensitivity by troglitazone lowers blood pressure in diabetic hypertensives

1995 • 277 citations

Human and rat peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) demonstrate similar tissue distribution but different responsiveness to PPAR activators

1994 • 273 citations

Resistin, Obesity, and Insulin Resistance — The Emerging Role of the Adipocyte as an Endocrine Organ

2001 • 269 citations

A Dominant-negative Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) Mutant Is a Constitutive Repressor and Inhibits PPARγ-mediated Adipogenesis

2000 • 265 citations

Addition of low‐dose rosiglitazone to sulphonylurea therapy improves glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetic patients

2000 • 265 citations

A novel insulin sensitizer acts as a coligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) and PPAR-gamma: effect of PPAR-alpha activation on abnormal lipid metabolism in liver of Zucker fatty rats.

1998 • 258 citations

Effects of rosiglitazone alone and in combination with atorvastatin on the metabolic abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2002 • 242 citations

Rosiglitazone reduces urinary albumin excretion in type II diabetes

2003 • 242 citations

Alterations in the regulation of androgen-sensitive Cyp 4a monooxygenases cause hypertension

2001 • 239 citations

PPARα Activator Effects on Ang II–Induced Vascular Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

2002 • 236 citations

Blood pressure lowering by pioglitazone. Evidence for a direct vascular effect.

1995 • 236 citations

The 15-lipoxygenase-1 product 13- S -hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid down-regulates PPAR-δ to induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells

2003 • 233 citations

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma: from adipogenesis to carcinogenesis

2001 • 231 citations

III. Peroxisomal β-oxidation, PPARα, and steatohepatitis

2001 • 230 citations

Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in urinary tract of rabbits and humans

1997 • 221 citations

Role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) in atherosclerosis

2000 • 212 citations

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors, Coactivators, and Downstream Targets

2000 • 209 citations

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonist, Rosiglitazone, Protects Against Nephropathy and Pancreatic Islet Abnormalities in Zucker Fatty Rats

1998 • 204 citations

Effect of Troglitazene on Microalbuminuria in Patients With Incipient Diabetic Nephropathy

1998 • 196 citations

The CYP4A Isoforms Hydroxylate Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids to Form High Affinity Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Ligands

2002 • 191 citations

PPARγ Agonist Rosiglitazone Improves Vascular Function and Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Transgenic Mice

2004 • 190 citations

Diagnosis, prevention, and intervention for the metabolic syndrome

2003 • 189 citations

The thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone (BRL-49653) lowers blood pressure and protects against impairment of endothelial function in Zucker fatty rats.

1999 • 188 citations

Reduction of Atherosclerosis by the Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor α Agonist Fenofibrate in Mice

2002 • 187 citations

Thiazolidinediones Suppress Endothelin-1 Secretion from Bovine Vascular Endothelial Cells: A New Possible Role of PPARγ on Vascular Endothelial Function

1999 • 186 citations

Pioglitazone Prevents Hypertension and Reduces Oxidative Stress in Diet-Induced Obesity

2003 • 185 citations

Thiazolidinedione compounds ameliorate glomerular dysfunction independent of their insulin-sensitizing action in diabetic rats.

2000 • 184 citations

The Metabolic Syndrome: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ and Its Therapeutic Modulation

2003 • 184 citations

Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-α Agonist Treatment in a Transgenic Model of Type 2 Diabetes Reverses the Lipotoxic State and Improves Glucose Homeostasis

2003 • 182 citations

Role of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor in cytochrome P450 4A gene regulation

1996 • 178 citations

Lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and low-density lipoprotein size among diabetics in the Framingham offspring study

1996 • 175 citations

Docosahexaenoic Acid, a Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-α Ligand, Induces Apoptosis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Stimulation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

2000 • 172 citations

Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor δ (PPARδ)-mediated Regulation of Preadipocyte Proliferation and Gene Expression Is Dependent on cAMP Signaling

2001 • 172 citations

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Activators Downregulate Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

2000 • 169 citations

Expression of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptors and retinoid X receptors in the kidney

1999 • 162 citations

Decoding Transcriptional Programs Regulated by PPARs and LXRs in the Macrophage

2003 • 152 citations

Cardiac function and metabolism in Type 2 diabetic mice after treatment with BM 17.0744, a novel PPAR-α activator

2002 • 152 citations

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)-α Activation Prevents Diabetes in OLETF Rats

2003 • 150 citations

Comparative effects of pioglitazone, glibenclamide, and voglibose on urinary endothelin-1 and albumin excretion in diabetes patients

2000 • 143 citations

Troglitazone Decreases the Proportion of Small, Dense LDL and Increases the Resistance of LDL to Oxidation in Obese Subjects

1998 • 138 citations

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease

2004 • 133 citations

Expression and Function of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ in Mesangial Cells

2001 • 125 citations

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α activation and high-density lipoprotein metabolism

2001 • 125 citations

Clofibrate prevents the development of hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive rats.

1993 • 122 citations

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Ligands Inhibit TGF-β1-Induced Fibronectin Expression in Glomerular Mesangial Cells

2004 • 122 citations

Upregulation of type I collagen by TGF-β in mesangial cells is blocked by PPARγ activation

2002 • 118 citations

Metabolic Syndrome Epidemic

2003 • 118 citations

Troglitazone Monotherapy Improves Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Controlled Study¹

1998 • 115 citations

PPAR Agonists Protect Mesangial Cells from Interleukin 1β-Induced Intracellular Lipid Accumulation by Activating the ABCA1 Cholesterol Efflux Pathway

2003 • 113 citations

Identification of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands from a biased chemical library

1997 • 109 citations

PPARγ activation enhances cell surface ENaCα via up‐regulation of SGK1 in human collecting duct cells

2003 • 109 citations

Antihypertensive and vasculo- and renoprotective effects of pioglitazone in genetically obese diabetic rats

1997 • 106 citations

Differential vasoactive effects of the insulin sensitizers rosiglitazone (BRL 49653) and troglitazone on human small arteries in vitro.

1998 • 104 citations

Treatment for patients with the metabolic syndrome

2003 • 103 citations

The relationship of obesity to the metabolic syndrome.

2003 • 101 citations

Thiazolidinediones--tools for the research of metabolic syndrome X.

1998 • 99 citations

Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor δ Activation Promotes Cell Survival following Hypertonic Stress

2002 • 98 citations

Troglitazone halts diabetic glomerulosclerosis by blockade of mesangial expansion

2000 • 98 citations

Advanced glycosylation end products induce inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression via a p38 MAPK-dependent pathway

2004 • 96 citations

Vasodilatory Effects of Troglitazone Improve Blood Pressure at Rest and During Mental Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

1999 • 94 citations

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Agonist Provides Superior Renal Protection versus Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes with Obesity

2003 • 92 citations

Vasculo-protective effects of insulin sensitizing agent pioglitazone in neointimal thickening and hypertensive vascular hypertrophy

1999 • 86 citations

Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) in Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells

1998 • 85 citations

Antihypertensive effect of pioglitazone is not invariably associated with increased insulin sensitivity.

1994 • 84 citations

Can reduction in hypertriglyceridaemia slow progression of microalbuminuria in patients with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus?

1997 • 80 citations

The ontogeny of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gene expression in the mouse and rat

1992 • 79 citations

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ1 (PPARγ1) expresses in rat mesangial cells and PPARγ agonists modulate its differentiation

2000 • 78 citations

Adipose differentiation-related protein and regulators of lipid homeostasis identified by gene expression profiling in the murinedb/dbdiabetic kidney

2004 • 77 citations

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activity is associated with renal microvasculature

2001 • 75 citations

The effect of high glucose and PPAR-γ agonists on PPAR-γ expression and function in HK-2 cells

2004 • 72 citations

Energy metabolism and cytotoxicity

2003 • 69 citations

Troglitazone (CS-045) ameliorates albuminuria in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

1997 • 68 citations

PPARα Inhibits TGF-β–Induced β ₅ Integrin Transcription in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Interacting With Smad4

2002 • 66 citations

Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α in the Mechanism Underlying Changes in Renal Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Isoform 4 Protein Expression in Starvation and after Refeeding

2001 • 66 citations

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) modulators: Diabetes and beyond*

2001 • 65 citations

Effect of troglitazone on urinary albumin excretion and serum type IV collagen concentrations in Type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria

2001 • 62 citations

Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular risk, and the link to insulin resistance

2003 • 61 citations

Identification of Functions of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α in Proximal Tubules

2002 • 60 citations

Insulin resistance: From predisposing factor to therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes

2003 • 56 citations

Differential effects of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) ligands in proximal tubular cells: Thiazolidinediones are partial PPARγ agonists

2004 • 52 citations

Dietary lipids regulate β-oxidation enzyme gene expression in the developing rat kidney

1998 • 52 citations

Evidence for a Direct Vascular Effect

1995 • 49 citations

Addressing the Insulin Resistance Syndrome A Role for the Thiazolidinediones

2002 • 46 citations

Insulin Resistance and Insulin Sensitizers

2001 • 42 citations

Pioglitazone attenuates basal and postprandial insulin concentrations and blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat

2000 • 42 citations

Targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in kidney and urologic disease.

2002 • 41 citations

Troglitazone, an insulin action enhancer, improves glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in elderly Type 2 diabetic patients

1998 • 40 citations

Troglitazone Lowers Blood Pressure and Enhances Insulin Sensitivity in Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbits

1997 • 40 citations

Rapid change of glucose concentration promotes mesangial cell proliferation via VEGF: inhibitory effects of thiazolidinedione

2004 • 38 citations

Obesity and type 2 diabetes: a conflict of interests?

1999 • 35 citations

Decreased susceptibility to copper‐induced oxidation of rat‐lipoproteins after fibrate treatment: influence of fatty acid composition

1996 • 35 citations

Lipid Response to Pioglitazone in Diabetic Patients: Clinical Observations from a Retrospective Chart Review

2002 • 35 citations

Troglitazone, a new antidiabetic agent possessing radical scavenging ability, improved decreased skin blood flow in diabetic rats

1998 • 32 citations

Reduction of insulin resistance attenuates the development of hypertension in sucrose-fed SHR

1997 • 32 citations

PPAR-α Ligands Inhibit H₂O₂-Mediated Activation of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Human Mesangial Cells

2002 • 28 citations

The role of PPAR alpha in obesity.

2001 • 26 citations

Improved glucose tolerance after effective lipid‐lowering therapy with bezafibrate in a patient with lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus: a putative role for Randle’s cycle in its pathogenesis?

1997 • 24 citations

Potentiation of TNF-α–Stimulated Group IIA Phospholipase A2 Expression by Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor α Activators in Rat Mesangial Cells

2002 • 21 citations

Phenotype of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha(PPARalpha)deficient mice on mixed background fed high fat diet

2003 • 20 citations