An in vitro model for infection with Leishmania major that mimics the immune response in mice

TH1 and TH2 Cells: Different Patterns of Lymphokine Secretion Lead to Different Functional Properties

1989 • 7,558 citations

Acquisition of Lymphokine-Producing Phenotype by CD4+ T Cells

1994 • 1,573 citations

Dendritic cells produce IL-12 and direct the development of Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells.

1995 • 1,560 citations

Surface expression of alpha 4 integrin by CD4 T cells is required for their entry into brain parenchyma.

1993 • 837 citations

Recombinant interleukin 12 cures mice infected with Leishmania major.

1993 • 776 citations

Resolution of cutaneous leishmaniasis: interleukin 12 initiates a protective T helper type 1 immune response.

1993 • 738 citations

The Adjuvant Effect of Interleukin-12 in a Vaccine Against Leishmania major

1994 • 687 citations

Mechanisms of suppression of macrophage nitric oxide release by transforming growth factor beta.

1993 • 658 citations

Cure of murine leishmaniasis with anti-interleukin 4 monoclonal antibody. Evidence for a T cell-dependent, interferon gamma-independent mechanism.

1990 • 629 citations

Natural killer cells are a source of interferon gamma that drives differentiation of CD4+ T cell subsets and induces early resistance to Leishmania major in mice.

1993 • 612 citations

A new view of prostaglandin E regulation of the immune response

1991 • 535 citations

Production of interferon gamma, interleukin 2, interleukin 4, and interleukin 10 by CD4+ lymphocytes in vivo during healing and progressive murine leishmaniasis.

1991 • 528 citations

IFN-gamma modulates the early development of Th1 and Th2 responses in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

1991 • 526 citations

Macrophage deactivating factor and transforming growth factors-beta 1 -beta 2 and -beta 3 inhibit induction of macrophage nitrogen oxide synthesis by IFN-gamma.

1990 • 507 citations

Transforming Growth Factor-β in Leishmanial Infection: a Parasite Escape Mechanism

1992 • 439 citations

IL-12 is required for natural killer cell activation and subsequent T helper 1 cell development in experimental leishmaniasis.

1995 • 427 citations

Killing of intracellular Leishmania donovani by lymphokine-stimulated human mononuclear phagocytes. Evidence that interferon-gamma is the activating lymphokine.

1983 • 404 citations

IL-4 induces a Th2 response in Leishmania major-infected mice.

1992 • 403 citations

Divergent T-cell cytokine patterns in inflammatory arthritis.

1994 • 388 citations

Administration of monoclonal anti-IFN-gamma antibodies in vivo abrogates natural resistance of C3H/HeN mice to infection with Leishmania major.

1989 • 374 citations

Leishmania promastigotes evade interleukin 12 (IL-12) induction by macrophages and stimulate a broad range of cytokines from CD4+ T cells during initiation of infection.

1994 • 365 citations

Nonspecific defence mechanism: the role of nitric oxide

1991 • 325 citations

Roles of IFN-gamma and IFN-alpha in IL-12-induced T helper cell-1 development.

1996 • 313 citations

Tissue expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase is closely associated with resistance to Leishmania major.

1994 • 302 citations

Role of Cytokines in the Differentiation of CD4⁺ T‐Cell Subsets in vivo

1991 • 289 citations

Cytokines and adhesion molecules contribute to the ability of myelin proteolipid protein-specific T cell clones to mediate experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

1993 • 277 citations

Cytokine-Induced Synthesis of Nitrogen Oxides in Macrophages: A Protective Host Response to Leishmania and Other Intracellular Pathogens

1991 • 267 citations

Microbial glycolipids: possible virulence factors that scavenge oxygen radicals.

1989 • 255 citations

Role of interleukin 1 in the activation of T lymphocytes.

1988 • 231 citations

IL-4 inhibits H2O2 production and antileishmanial capacity of human cultured monocytes mediated by IFN-gamma.

1989 • 228 citations

T helper cell subsets require the expression of distinct costimulatory signals by antigen-presenting cells.

1988 • 212 citations

Beta 2-microglobulin-dependent NK1.1+ T cells are not essential for T helper cell 2 immune responses.

1996 • 207 citations

Murine cutaneous leishmaniasis: resistance correlates with the capacity to generate interferon-gamma in response to Leishmania antigens in vitro.

1986 • 169 citations

In susceptible mice, Leishmania major induce very rapid interleukin‐4 production by CD4⁺ T cells which are NK1.1⁻

1995 • 168 citations

Endogenous IL-12 is required for control of Th2 cytokine responses capable of exacerbating leishmaniasis in normally resistant mice.

1995 • 162 citations

Leishmania tropica: Pathogenicity and in vitro macrophage function in strains of inbred mice

1979 • 146 citations

Sand fly vector saliva selectively modulates macrophage functions that inhibit killing of Leishmania major and nitric oxide production.

1995 • 137 citations

Saliva of the Lyme disease vector, Ixodes dammini, blocks cell activation by a nonprostaglandin E2-dependent mechanism.

1994 • 134 citations

Macrophage activation by interferon‐γ from host‐protective T cells is inhibited by interleukin (IL) 3 and IL 4 produced by disease‐promoting T cells in leishmaniasis

1989 • 130 citations

Leishmania donovani lipophosphoglycan selectively inhibits signal transduction in macrophages.

1991 • 130 citations

Macrophage activation to kill Leishmania major: activation of macrophages for intracellular destruction of amastigotes can be induced by both recombinant interferon-gamma and non-interferon lymphokines.

1985 • 127 citations

Leishmania major interferes with antigen presentation by infected macrophages.

1993 • 124 citations

The role of the innate immune response in Th1 cell development following Leishmania major infection

1995 • 123 citations

Macrophage-Pathogen Interactions

1993 • 121 citations

Epidermal Langerhans cells are critical for immunoregulation of cutaneous leishmaniasis

1993 • 111 citations

Antigen presentation capacity of murine macrophages infected with Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes.

1993 • 102 citations

Induction of macrophage nitric oxide production by interferon‐γ and tumor necrosis factor‐α is enhanced by interleukin‐10

1993 • 83 citations

Experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. II. A possible role for prostaglandins in exacerbation of disease in Leishmania major-infected BALB/c mice.

1987 • 83 citations

T cell and non-T cell compartments can independently determine resistance to Leishmania major.

1995 • 80 citations

Intracellular destruction of Leishmania tropica by macrophages activated with macrophage activating factor/interferon.

1984 • 78 citations

Enhancement of macrophage IL-1 production by Leishmania major infection in vitro and its inhibition by IFN-gamma.

1989 • 67 citations

Leishmania major-parasitized macrophages augment Th2-type T cell activation.

1994 • 55 citations

Effect of PGE2 and of agents that raise cAMP levels on macrophage activation induced by IFN-γ and TNF-α

1995 • 54 citations

Interactions between Leishmania major and macrophages.

1994 • 42 citations

Nitrogen and oxygen metabolites and the killing of Leishmania by activated murine macrophages

1991 • 36 citations

Variants with reduced virulence derived from Leishmania major after mutagen treatment

1987 • 34 citations

For Debate Parasitic Infection and Autoimmunity

1991 • 25 citations

Leishmania major-specific, CD4+, major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted T cells derived in vitro from lymphoid tissues of naive mice.

1993 • 24 citations

The effect of treating with anti‐interleukin‐1 receptor antibody on the course of experimental murine cutaneous leishmaniasis

1994 • 23 citations

The Influence of Antigen-Presenting Cell Type and Interferon- on Priming and Cytokine Secretion of Leishmania major--Specific T Cells

1997 • 20 citations

Leishmania major:Differential Resistance to Infection in C57BL/6 (High Interferon-α/β) and Congenic B6.C-H-28c(Low Interferon-α/β) Mice

1996 • 19 citations

Ex vivoevidence for PGE₂and LTB₄involvement in cutaneous leishmaniasis: relation with infection status and cytokine production

1996 • 19 citations

Effect of macrophage infection by Leishmania on the proliferation of an antigen-specific T-cell line, TPB1, to a non-parasite antigen

1993 • 7 citations