Functional Anatomy of Scorpion Toxins Affecting Sodium Channels

Cellular and molecular biology of voltage-gated sodium channels

1992 • 837 citations

Weakly Polar Interactions In Proteins

1988 • 724 citations

MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF VOLTAGE-SENSITIVE SODIUM CHANNELS

1986 • 577 citations

Molecular Determinants of High Affinity Binding of α-Scorpion Toxin and Sea Anemone Toxin in the S3-S4 Extracellular Loop in Domain IV of the Na+ Channel α Subunit

1996 • 410 citations

Purification of Animal Neurotoxins

1970 • 348 citations

Advances in Cytopharmacology

1973 • 345 citations

Two types of scorpion toxin receptor sites, one related to the activation, the other to the inactivation of the action potential sodium channel

1982 • 266 citations

Two types of scorpion neurotoxins characterized by their binding to two separate receptor sites on rat brain synaptosomes

1980 • 242 citations

Scorpion toxins: chemistry and mode of action.

1979 • 200 citations

Functional architectures of animal toxins: a clue to drug design?

1998 • 183 citations

Scorpion Toxins Affecting Sodium Current Inactivation Bind to Distinct Homologous Receptor Sites on Rat Brain and Insect Sodium Channels

1996 • 181 citations

A scorpion venom neurotoxin paralytic to insects that affects sodium current inactivation: purification, primary structure, and mode of action

1990 • 165 citations

Orthorhombic crystals and three-dimensional structure of the potent toxin II from the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector.

1988 • 159 citations

An excitatory and a depressant insect toxin from scorpion venom both affect sodium conductance and possess a common binding site

1985 • 147 citations

Toxins and genes isolated from scorpions of the genus Tityus

1997 • 137 citations

Tityus serrulatus venom contains two classes of toxins. Tityus gamma toxin is a new tool with a very high affinity for studying the Na+ channel.

1982 • 133 citations

Functional duality and structural uniqueness of the depressant insect-selective neurotoxins

1991 • 133 citations

Three-dimensional structure of a protein from scorpion venom: a new structural class of neurotoxins.

1980 • 120 citations

Identification of Structural Elements of a Scorpion α-Neurotoxin Important for Receptor Site Recognition

1997 • 120 citations

Crystal Structure of Toxin II from the Scorpion Androctonus australis Hector Refined at 1·3 Å Resolution

1994 • 119 citations

Modification of Na channel gating by an alpha scorpion toxin from Tityus serrulatus.

1989 • 113 citations

Two neurotoxins (BmK I and BmK II) from the venom of the scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch: purification, amino acid sequences and assessment of specific activity

1996 • 108 citations

Effect of toxins isolated from the venom of the scorpionCentruroides sculpturatus on the Na currents of the node of ranvier

1982 • 107 citations

Purification and chemical and biological characterizations of seven toxins from the Mexican scorpion, Centruroides suffusus suffusus.

1987 • 106 citations

Tityus serrulatus toxin VII bears pharmacological properties of both β-toxin and insect toxin from scorpion venoms

1986 • 100 citations

Localization of receptor sites for insect-selective toxins on sodium channels by site-directed antibodies

1992 • 98 citations

Actions of insect toxin and other toxins derived from the venom of the scorpion Androctonus australis on isolated giant axons of the cockroach (Periplaneta americana)

1982 • 97 citations

Scorpion toxins from Centruroides noxius and Tityus serrulatus. Primary structures and sequence comparison by metric analysis

1985 • 95 citations

An anti-insect toxin purified from the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector also acts on the .alpha.- and .beta.-sites of the mammalian sodium channel: sequence and circular dichroism study

1991 • 93 citations

Functional Expression and Genetic Alteration of an Alpha Scorpion Neurotoxin

1996 • 92 citations

Structure/activity relationships of scorpion α‐toxins

1989 • 91 citations

Amino acid sequences of neurotoxic protein variants from the venom of Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing

1974 • 87 citations

The binding of the insect selective neurotoxin (AaIT) from scorpion venom to locust synaptosomal membranes

1984 • 87 citations

Crystal Structure of an Acidic Neurotoxin from ScorpionButhus martensiiKarsch at 1.85 Å Resolution

1996 • 86 citations

Disulfide Bonds of Toxin II of the Scorpion Androctonus australis Hector

1974 • 81 citations

Purification and physiological characterization of neurotoxins from venoms of the scorpions centruroides sculpturatus and leiurus quinquestriatus.

1983 • 78 citations

Neurotoxic Proteins in Scorpion Venom

1984 • 73 citations

Solution Structures of a Highly Insecticidal Recombinant Scorpion α-Toxin and a Mutant with Increased Activity^,

1997 • 72 citations

α-Scorpion Toxins Binding on Rat Brain and Insect Sodium Channels Reveal Divergent Allosteric Modulations by Brevetoxin and Veratridine

1995 • 72 citations

Primary structure of scorpion anti‐insect toxins isolated from the venom of Leiurus quinquestriatus quinquestriatus

1990 • 71 citations

Structure of scorpion toxin variant-3 at 1·2 Å resolution

1992 • 70 citations

Interactions of Scorpion Toxins with the Sodium Channel

1986 • 69 citations

Amino acid sequence of toxin VII, A β-toxin from the venom of the scorpton Tityus serrulatus

1984 • 68 citations

α‐Scorpion neurotoxin derivatives suitable as potential markers of sodium channels. Preparation and characterization

1983 • 68 citations

Two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance study of Aah IT, an anti-insect toxin from the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector. Sequential resonance assignments and folding of the polypeptide chain

1991 • 68 citations

Toxins and signal transduction

1998 • 67 citations

Binding of an α scorpion toxin to insect sodium channels is not dependent on membrane potential

1993 • 65 citations

Characterization of toxin III of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus quinquestriatus: A new type of alpha‐toxin highly toxic both to mammals and insects

1993 • 62 citations

In VitroFolding and Functional Analysis of an Anti-insect Selective Scorpion Depressant Neurotoxin Produced inEscherichia coli

1997 • 59 citations

Neurotoxins active on insects: amino acid sequences, chemical modifications, and secondary structure estimation by circular dichroism of toxins from the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector

1990 • 58 citations

Primary and NMR Three-Dimensional Structure Determination of a Novel Crustacean Toxin from the Venom of the Scorpion Centruroides limpidus limpidus Karsch

1994 • 58 citations

Biochemical, pharmacological and genomic characterisation of Ts IV, an α‐toxin from the venom of the South American scorpion Tityus serrulatus

1994 • 56 citations

Classification of Na channel receptors specific for various scorpion toxins

1983 • 56 citations

Effects of New World scorpion toxins on single-channel and whole cell cardiac sodium currents

1988 • 52 citations

Differential effects of defined chemical modifications on antigenic and pharmacological activities of scorpion alpha and beta toxins

1986 • 50 citations

Amino acid sequence of neurotoxin V from the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus quinquestriatus

1978 • 50 citations

Positive cooperativity among insecticidal scorpion neurotoxins

1995 • 49 citations

A Recombinant Insect‐Specific α‐Toxin of Buthus occitanus tunetanus Scorpion Confers Protection Against Homologous Mammal Toxins

1996 • 47 citations

Immunochemistry of scorpion α-neurotoxins. Determination of the antigenic site number and isolation of a highly enriched antibody specific to a single antigenic site of toxin II ofAndroctonus australis Hector

1983 • 44 citations

Primary structure of toxin IV of Leiurus quinquestriatus quinquestriatus

1985 • 44 citations

Purification, structure and activity of three insect toxins from Buthus occitanus tunetanus venom

1997 • 41 citations

¹H‐NMR‐Derived Secondary Structure and the Overall Fold of the Potent Anti‐Mammal and Anti‐Insect Toxin III from the Scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus quinquestriatus

1996 • 41 citations

Variability among insect sodium channels revealed by selective neurotoxins

1994 • 40 citations

Biochemical and Pharmacological Characterization of a Depressant Insect Toxin from the Venom of the Scorpion Buthacus arenicola

1997 • 39 citations

Structure-activity relationships of scorpion α-neurotoxins: Contribution of arginine residues

1990 • 39 citations

Structural and functional comparison of toxins from the venom of the scorpions Centruroides infamatus infamatus, centruroides limpidus limpidus and Centruroides noxius

1996 • 38 citations

The cDNA sequence of a depressant insect selective neurotoxin from the scorpion Buthotus judaicus

1991 • 37 citations

Solution structure of an Old World-like neurotoxin from the venom of the New World scorpion Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing

1995 • 37 citations

An Insect‐Specific Toxin from Centruroides noxius Hoffmann

1996 • 36 citations

Refined electrophysiological analysis suggests that a depressant toxin is a sodium channel opener rather than a blocker

1997 • 36 citations

Solution structure of the variant‐3 neurotoxin from Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing

1994 • 35 citations

Cloning and characterization of the cDNAs encoding Na+ channel-specific toxins 1 and 2 of the scorpion Centruroides noxius Hoffmann

1995 • 34 citations

The Toxins Purified fromTityus Serrulatus(Lutz & Mello)Venom

1995 • 34 citations

Refined solution structure of the anti-mammal and anti-insect LqqIII scorpion toxin: Comparison with other scorpion toxins

1997 • 33 citations

Covalent structure of toxins I and II from the scorpion Buthus occitanus tunetanus

1983 • 33 citations

Characterization of six toxins from the venom of the Moroccan scorpion Buthus occitanus mardochei

1987 • 32 citations

Purification and sequence determination of a new neutral mammalian neurotoxin from the scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch

1997 • 31 citations

Solution spatial structure of ‘long’ neurotoxin M9 from the scorpion Buthus eupeus by 1H-NMR spectroscopy

1988 • 30 citations

A quantitative study of the action ofCentruroides sculpturatus toxins III and IV on the Na currents of the node of Ranvier

1983 • 29 citations

Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Distance Geometry/Simulated Annealing Studies on the Variant-1 Neurotoxin from the New World Scorpion Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing

1994 • 28 citations

The β‐type toxin Ts II from the scorpion Tityus serrulatus: Amino acid sequence determination and assessment of biological and antigenic properties

1992 • 27 citations

Amino Acid Sequence of Neurotoxin III of the Scorpion Androctonus australis Hector

1979 • 26 citations

Isolation, Characterization and Comparison of a Novel Crustacean Toxin with a Mammalian Toxin from the Venom of the Scorpion Centruroides noxius Hoffmann

1997 • 24 citations

¹H‐NMR‐Derived Secondary Structure and Overall Fold of a Natural Anatoxin from the Scorpion Androctonus Australis Hector

1997 • 24 citations

The amino acid sequence of toxin IV from the Androctonus australis scorpion: Differing effects of natural mutations in scorpion α‐toxins on their antigenic and toxic properties

1992 • 20 citations

Toxin III of the scorpionAndroctonus australis Hector: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance assignments and secondary structure

1992 • 18 citations

Purification of contracture-inducing insect toxins from Buthinae scorpion venoms by immunoaffinity and high pressure liquid chromatography

1987 • 17 citations

Structure and function ofButhus eupeus scorpion neurotoxins

1981 • 16 citations

Advances in Molecular Genetics of Scorpion Neurotoxins

1994 • 16 citations

Toxin III from Leiurus quinquestriatus quinquestriatus: A specific probe for receptor site 3 on insect sodium channels

1997 • 14 citations

THE EFFECT OF TOXINS DERIVED FROM THE VENOM OF THE SCORPION ANDROCTONUS AUSTRALIS HECTOR ONNEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION

1978 • 13 citations

Bot IT₂: a new scorpion toxin to study receptor site on insect sodium channels

1997 • 12 citations

Amino acid sequence of toxin XI of the scorpion Buthus occitanus tunetanus. Evidence of a mutation having an important effect upon neurotoxic activity

1987 • 11 citations

Effect of Tityus gamma toxin on the activation process in sodium channels of frog myelinated nerve.

1985 • 7 citations

EFFECT OF ESTRADIOL ON PHOSPHOLIPID LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN THE RAT

1997 • 5 citations

Chapter 12 Molecular biology of voltage-gated ionic channels: Structure-function relationships

1997 • 3 citations