Substantia nigra neuromelanin: structure, synthesis, and molecular behaviour.

Chronic Parkinsonism in Humans Due to a Product of Meperidine-Analog Synthesis

1983 • 4,822 citations

Reactive microglia are positive for HLA‐DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains

1988 • 2,754 citations

Brain dopamine and the syndromes of Parkinson and Huntington Clinical, morphological and neurochemical correlations

1973 • 2,615 citations

Tyrosinase: a comprehensive review of its mechanism

1995 • 1,197 citations

Increased Nigral Iron Content and Alterations in Other Metal Ions Occurring in Brain in Parkinson's Disease

1989 • 1,117 citations

Evidence of active nerve cell degeneration in the substantia nigra of humans years after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine exposure

1999 • 967 citations

Biochemical pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.

1987 • 844 citations

Aging and Extrapyramidal Function

1977 • 650 citations

Selective Increase of Iron in Substantia Nigra Zona Compacta of Parkinsonian Brains

1991 • 516 citations

Animal models of Parkinson's disease: An empirical comparison with the phenomenology of the disease in man

1996 • 488 citations

Neuromelanin biosynthesis is driven by excess cytosolic catecholamines not accumulated by synaptic vesicles

2000 • 432 citations

Neuromelanin-containing neurons of the substantia nigra accumulate iron and aluminum in Parkinson's disease: a LAMMA study

1992 • 423 citations

The absolute number of nerve cells in substantia nigra in normal subjects and in patients with Parkinson's disease estimated with an unbiased stereological method.

1991 • 393 citations

Iron, neuromelanin and ferritin content in the substantia nigra of normal subjects at different ages: consequences for iron storage and neurodegenerative processes

2001 • 381 citations

Enzymatic Oxidation of Dopamine: The Role of Prostaglandin H Synthase

1995 • 349 citations

PHASE AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF LEWY BODIES AND MELANIN GRANULES IN THE SUBSTANTIA NIGRA AND LOCUS CAERULEUS IN PARKINSONʼS DISEASE

1965 • 330 citations

Iron‐Melanin Complex in Substantia Nigra of Parkinsonian Brains: An X‐Ray Microanalysis

1992 • 308 citations

Selectivity of the Parkinsonian Neurotoxin MPTP: Toxic Metabolite MPP ⁺ Binds to Neuromelanin

1986 • 289 citations

Biochemical Events in the Development of Parkinsonism Induced by 1‐Methyl‐4‐Phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐Tetrahydropyridine

1987 • 246 citations

MPTP: current concepts and controversies.

1986 • 234 citations

Brain trace element concentrations in aging

1984 • 223 citations

Is the Vulnerability of Neurons in the Substantia Nigra of Patients with Parkinson's Disease Related to Their Neuromelanin Content?

1992 • 221 citations

On the origin and significance of neuromelanin.

1979 • 221 citations

Possible role of neuromelanin in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease

1983 • 210 citations

LIPOPROTEIN PIGMENTS—THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO AGEING IN THE HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM

1974 • 207 citations

Tyrosine mRNA is expressed in human substantia nigra

1997 • 197 citations

Interaction of neuromelanin and iron in substantia nigra and other areas of human brain

1996 • 192 citations

A brainstem atlas of catecholaminergic neurons in man, using melanin as a natural marker

1981 • 174 citations

TRACE ELEMENT CONCENTRATION IN HUMAN BRAIN

1975 • 172 citations

Iron and Other Metals in Neuromelanin, Substantia Nigra, and Putamen of Human Brain

1994 • 162 citations

Detection of 5-S-cysteinyldopamine in human brain

1985 • 152 citations

Occurrence and distribution of 5-S-cysteinyl derivatives of dopamine, dopa and dopac in the brains of eight mammalian species

1986 • 152 citations

Melanin, tyrosine hydroxylase, calbindin and substance P in the human midbrain and substantia nigra in relation to nigrostriatal projections and differential neuronal susceptibility in Parkinson's disease

1992 • 152 citations

X‐Ray Characterization of Melanins—I

1994 • 146 citations

Preservation of midbrain catecholaminergic neurons in very old human subjects

2000 • 146 citations

The neuromelanin of the human substantia nigra

1991 • 144 citations

Prostaglandin H Synthetase‐Mediated Metabolism of Dopamine: Implication for Parkinson's Disease

1995 • 143 citations

On the Nature of Pigment Granules in the Cells of the Locus Coeruleus and Substantia Nigra

1958 • 129 citations

The effect of a synthetic neuromelanin on yield of free hydroxyl radicals generated in model systems

1995 • 128 citations

Binding of Iron to Neuromelanin of Human Substantia Nigra and Synthetic Melanin: An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study

1997 • 127 citations

THE HISTOCHEMICAL RELATIONSHIP OF NEUROMELANIN AND LIPOFUSCIN

1969 • 124 citations

Total and paramagnetic metals in human substantia nigra and its neuromelanin

1993 • 115 citations

Structural Characteristics of Human Substantia Nigra Neuromelanin and Synthetic Dopamine Melanins

2000 • 114 citations

The roles of neuromelanin, binding of metal ions, and oxidative cytotoxicity in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease: A hypothesis

1994 • 114 citations

Mössbauer Spectroscopic Studies of Purified Human Neuromelanin Isolated from the Substantia Nigra

1995 • 113 citations

Autoradiography of [14C]paraquat or [14C]diquat in frogs and mice: Accumulation in neuromelanin

1988 • 112 citations

Pigmentation in the nucleus substantiae nigrae of mammals.

1961 • 108 citations

New evidence for presence of tyrosinase in substantia nigra, forebrain and midbrain

1998 • 103 citations

Iron in parkinsonian and control substantia nigra—A mössbauer spectroscopy study

1996 • 103 citations

Light and electron microscopic studies of pigment in human and rhesus monkey substantia nigra and locus coeruleus

1966 • 99 citations

The chemical characterization of melanin contained in substantia nigra of human brain

1992 • 97 citations

Low numbers and no loss of melanized nigral neurons with increasing age in normal human brains from India

1998 • 96 citations

Studies on neuromelanin

1967 • 95 citations

Interaction of Human Substantia Nigra Neuromelanin with Lipids and Peptides

2000 • 94 citations

Biochemical mechanisms of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine toxicity

1991 • 90 citations

Enzyme Activity of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor toward Oxidized Catecholamines

1999 • 82 citations

The structure of neuromelanin and its iron binding site studied by infrared spectroscopy

1999 • 79 citations

Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Tyrosine Hydroxylase: A Possible Contribution to the Degeneration of Dopaminergic Neurons?

1997 • 76 citations

On the function of neuromelanin

1996 • 75 citations

Does tyrosinase exist in neuromelanin-pigmented neurons in the human substantia nigra?

1998 • 74 citations

Modulation by neuromelanin of the availability and reactivity of metal ions

1992 • 73 citations

Neuromelanin of the Human Substantia Nigra: A Mixed‐Type Melanin

1994 • 73 citations

Studies on neuromelanin

1968 • 57 citations

Purified Human Neuromelanin, Synthetic Dopamine Melanin as a Potential Model Pigment, and the Normal Human Substantia Nigra: Characterization by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

1993 • 56 citations

Electron microscopic studies on pigment granules in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata yakui)

1968 • 49 citations

Neuromelanic pigment in substantia nigra neurons of rats and dogs

1986 • 47 citations

The anatomy and pigmentation of the human substantia nigra in relation to selective neuronal vulnerability.

1990 • 41 citations

Evidence for a Glycidic‐Lipidic Matrix in Human Neuromelanin, Potentially Responsible for the Enhanced Iron Sequestering Ability of Substantia Nigra

1994 • 40 citations

X-Ray Absorption Fine-Structure Spectroscopy Studies of Fe Sites in Natural Human Neuromelanin and Synthetic Analogues

1998 • 40 citations

Cysteinyldopamine is not incorporated into neuromelanin

1991 • 38 citations

Biochemistry of neuromelanin.

1974 • 37 citations

Melanin pigmentation of the substantia nigra in primates

1939 • 36 citations

Binding of dopaminergic drugs by the neuromelanin of the substantia nigra, synthetic melanins and melanin granules.

1978 • 33 citations

The Melanoneurons of the Human Cerebellum (Nucleus Pigmentosus Cerebellaris) and Homologues in the Monkey

1986 • 31 citations

Melanin pigment in the brain of the gorilla

1942 • 28 citations

The role of peroxidase in neuromelanin synthesis: a review.

1997 • 26 citations

Melanin pigment in the central nervous system of vertebrates

1939 • 25 citations

Neuromelanin in the substantia nigra of adult horses.

1988 • 10 citations