Does Answering Higher-Level Questions While Reading Facilitate Productive Learning?

Levels of processing: A framework for memory research

1972 • 9,205 citations

A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing.

1975 • 7,571 citations

Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory.

1977 • 7,025 citations

Human Memory: A Proposed System and its Control Processes

1968 • 6,466 citations

The Nature of Human Intelligence

1968 • 4,576 citations

The Psychology of Learning and Motivation

2021 • 4,196 citations

The nature of human intelligence

1967 • 3,990 citations

Episodic and Semantic Memory

2007 • 3,890 citations

Journal on Educational Psychology

2014 • 2,930 citations

The psychology of meaningful verbal learning.

1963 • 2,536 citations

Controlled and automatic human information processing: I

1977 • 2,264 citations

The Representation of Meaning in Memory

1975 • 2,092 citations

Human Associative Memory

2013 • 2,084 citations

Psychology of Learning and Motivation

1975 • 1,791 citations

Schooling and the Acquisition of Knowledge

1978 • 1,450 citations

Organization of Memory

1973 • 1,442 citations

Human associative memory

1974 • 1,440 citations

Structure and process in semantic memory: A featural model for semantic decisions.

1974 • 1,353 citations

Mental imagery in associative learning and memory.

1969 • 1,324 citations

Fuzzy Sets and their Applications to Cognitive and Decision Processes

1975 • 1,224 citations

Psychology: Briefer course.

1892 • 1,195 citations

The study of teaching

1974 • 1,144 citations

Primary memory.

1965 • 1,082 citations

Representation and Understanding

1975 • 920 citations

Psychology : Briefer Course

2017 • 813 citations

Learning as a generative process¹

1974 • 779 citations

Schooling and the Acquisition of Knowledge

2017 • 763 citations

The Psychology of Reading

1975 • 616 citations

Language Comprehension and the Acquisition of Knowledge

1973 • 517 citations

SOME PRINCIPLES OF MEMORY SCHEMATA

1975 • 468 citations

Conversation, Cognition and Learning

1975 • 430 citations

Hypothesis behavior by humans during discrimination learning.

1966 • 395 citations

On Asking People Questions about What They are Reading

1975 • 378 citations

The Use of Questions in Teaching

1970 • 377 citations

Effects of comprehension on retention of prose.

1971 • 373 citations

Contemporary Approaches to Cognition

1958 • 354 citations

Learning, Memory, and Conceptual Processes

1971 • 352 citations

THE STRUCTURE OF EPISODES IN MEMORY

1975 • 318 citations

Learning from Written Instructive Materials: An Exploration of the Control of Inspection Behavior by Test-Like Events

1966 • 308 citations

A process model for long-term memory.

1972 • 300 citations

How to Construct Achievement Tests to Assess Comprehension

1972 • 295 citations

On putting apples into bottles — A problem of polysemy

1975 • 294 citations

Human Information Processing

1972 • 268 citations

Different problem-solving competencies established in learning computer programming with and without meaningful models.

1975 • 244 citations

Selective facilitative effects of interspersed questions on learning from written materials.

1967 • 228 citations

Instantiation of general terms

1976 • 220 citations

19. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

1992 • 214 citations

How to make a language user.

1972 • 205 citations

Some conditions of meaningful learning for computer programming: Advance organizers and subject control of frame order.

1976 • 181 citations

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

1975 • 166 citations

Effects of three types of inserted questions on learning from prose.

1971 • 164 citations

Feedback procedures in programmed instruction.

1971 • 152 citations

Control of Student Mediating Processes During Verbal Learning and Instruction

1970 • 144 citations

Boundary Conditions for Mathemagenic Behaviors

1970 • 135 citations

Mathemagenic Behaviours and Efficiency in Learning from Prose Materials: Review, Critique and Recommendations

1976 • 133 citations

Type and frequency of questions in processing textual material.

1974 • 114 citations

Illustrations, analogies, and facilitative transfer in prose learning.

1976 • 113 citations

Effect of question production and answering on prose recall.

1975 • 105 citations

Intelligence: 1965 model.

1966 • 97 citations

Imagery and prose learning.

1972 • 96 citations

Imagery and sentence learning.

1971 • 85 citations

Experimental manipulation of reading strategies.

1973 • 70 citations

Learning Concepts from Definitions

1972 • 69 citations

Effects of question type and question placement on problem-solving ability from prose material.

1975 • 66 citations

Some effects of advance organizers and level of question on the learning and retention of written social studies material.

1970 • 60 citations

Language and Knowledge of the World

1974 • 57 citations

Effects of position and type of question on learning from prose material: Interaction of treatments with individual differences.

1974 • 56 citations

Interaction of position and conceptual level of adjunct questions on immediate and delayed retention of text.

1976 • 55 citations

Structural Analysis of the Knowledge that Results from Thinking about Text.

1969 • 53 citations

Recognition and recall.

1927 • 50 citations

Studies in Substance Memorization

1934 • 48 citations

THE GUIDANCE LEARNING ACTIVITIES

1944 • 48 citations

The use of questions in social science material.

1929 • 48 citations

Influence of Sentence Order and Amount of Higher Level Text Processing upon Reproductive and Productive Memory

1970 • 47 citations

Forward transfer of different reading strategies evoked by testlike events in mathematics text.

1975 • 45 citations

Some unpredicted effects of different questions upon learning from connected discourse.

1968 • 43 citations

Teaching: description and analysis

1970 • 42 citations

The Effects of Strong Formal Prompts in Programed Instruction

1967 • 40 citations

Effects of Analysis and Evaluation Questions on Various Levels of Achievement

1969 • 39 citations

The effects of task on the representation of sentences

1975 • 36 citations

Time to read semantically related sentences*

1974 • 35 citations

Cybernetic control of memory while reading connected discourse.

1969 • 34 citations

Effect of type of objective, level of test question, and the judged importance of tested materials upon posttest performance.

1974 • 33 citations

Structural approach to instructional problems.

1977 • 32 citations

Reading Guided by Questions versus Careful Reading and Re-Reading without Questions

1931 • 30 citations

Meaning in Complex Learning

1975 • 28 citations

Vividness of imagery in recalling connected discourse.

1973 • 27 citations

Real-world variability, reasonableness judgments, and memory representations for concepts

1975 • 27 citations

Imagery, verbatim and paraphrased questions, and retention of meaningful sentences.

1976 • 26 citations

Verbatim and paraphrased adjunct questions and learning from prose.

1978 • 25 citations

"Overprompting" in Programmed Instruction.

1968 • 19 citations

A study of the reading performance of pupils under different conditions on different types of materials.

1927 • 19 citations

Some Effects of Frequent Quizzes on Inferential Thinking

1972 • 17 citations

Effect of Prequestions on Control of Attention in Written Instruction

1974 • 13 citations

Some Adaptive Consequences of Searching for Information in a Text

1970 • 11 citations

The curve of retention for substance material.

1943 • 11 citations

Handbook of teaching skills

1929 • 10 citations

Principles and techniques of teaching

1962 • 10 citations

A Synthesis of Teaching Methods.

1964 • 8 citations

Stimulating High-Level Comprehension by Interspersing Questions in Text Passages.

1976 • 8 citations

A synthesis of teaching methods

1967 • 6 citations

Principles of elementary education

1969 • 4 citations

The teacher's technique

2009 • 4 citations

Teaching procedures.

1932 • 3 citations

Question Production and Answering as an Aid to Prose Learning.

1974 • 3 citations

Principles of elementary education

1929 • 2 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations