Direct and Indirect Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons by Estradiol1

Cloning of a novel receptor expressed in rat prostate and ovary.

1996 • 4,782 citations

The rat brain: A stereotaxic atlas of the forebrain and lower parts of the brain stem

1986 • 4,155 citations

Comparative distribution of estrogen receptor-? and -? mRNA in the rat central nervous system

1997 • 2,244 citations

Distribution of androgen and estrogen receptor mRNA‐containing cells in the rat brain: An in situ hybridization study

1990 • 2,107 citations

Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain

1992 • 1,873 citations

The Expression of Vesicular Glutamate Transporters Defines Two Classes of Excitatory Synapse

2001 • 1,218 citations

Immortalization of hypothalamic GnRH by genetically targeted tumorigenesis

1990 • 959 citations

Identification of a vesicular glutamate transporter that defines a glutamatergic phenotype in neurons

2000 • 861 citations

Identification of a new class of steroid hormone receptors

1988 • 845 citations

Uptake of Glutamate into Synaptic Vesicles by an Inorganic Phosphate Transporter

2000 • 792 citations

A Third Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Expressed by Cholinergic and Serotoninergic Neurons

2002 • 626 citations

The Existence of a Second Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Specifies Subpopulations of Glutamatergic Neurons

2001 • 602 citations

Multimodal Influence of Estrogen upon Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons

1998 • 592 citations

Expression and neuropeptidergic characterization of estrogen receptors (ER? and ER?) throughout the rat brain: Anatomical evidence of distinct roles of each subtype

1998 • 565 citations

The identification of vesicular glutamate transporter 3 suggests novel modes of signaling by glutamate

2002 • 548 citations

Glutamate, the Dominant Excitatory Transmitter in Neuroendocrine Regulation

1990 • 540 citations

Absence of oestradiol concentration in cell nuclei of LHRH-immunoreactive neurones

1983 • 526 citations

Identification of Differentiation-Associated Brain-Specific Phosphate Transporter as a Second Vesicular Glutamate Transporter (VGLUT2)

2001 • 481 citations

Identification of the Differentiation-Associated Na⁺/P_ITransporter as a Novel Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Expressed in a Distinct Set of Glutamatergic Synapses

2002 • 431 citations

Second gene for gonadotropin-releasing hormone in humans

1998 • 411 citations

Complementary distribution of vesicular glutamate transporters in the central nervous system

2002 • 391 citations

Mandatory Neuropeptide-Steroid Signaling for the Preovulatory Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Discharge*

1993 • 390 citations

To ERR in the estrogen pathway

2002 • 389 citations

The Neuroendocrinology of Human Puberty Revisited

2002 • 354 citations

Structural characterization of a subtype-selective ligand reveals a novel mode of estrogen receptor antagonism

2002 • 351 citations

Discrete Lesions Reveal Functional Heterogeneity of Suprachiasmatic Structures in Regulation of Gonadotropin Secretion in the Female Rat

1982 • 347 citations

The Localization of the Brain-Specific Inorganic Phosphate Transporter Suggests a Specific Presynaptic Role in Glutamatergic Transmission

1998 • 326 citations

Novel Ligands that Function as Selective Estrogens or Antiestrogens for Estrogen Receptor-α or Estrogen Receptor-β*

1999 • 312 citations

Localization of oestrogen receptors in preoptic neurons containing neurotensin but not tyrosine hydroxylase, cholecystokinin or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the male and female rat

1992 • 273 citations

Detection of Estrogen Receptor-β Messenger Ribonucleic Acid and 125I-Estrogen Binding Sites in Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Neurons of the Rat Brain

2000 • 269 citations

Estrogen Receptor-β Immunoreactivity in Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Neurons of the Rat Brain

2001 • 255 citations

New Evidence for Estrogen Receptors in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons

2001 • 252 citations

Projections of the sexually dimorphic anteroventral periventricular nucleus in the female rat

1997 • 251 citations

New Concepts of the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Gonadotropin Surges in Rats

1997 • 249 citations

In situ hybridization : applications to neurobiology

1987 • 249 citations

Distribution of vesicular glutamate transporter mRNA in rat hypothalamus

2002 • 243 citations

Do gonadotropin-releasing hormone, tyrosine hydroxylase-, and beta-endorphin-immunoreactive neurons contain estrogen receptors? A double-label immunocytochemical study in the Suffolk ewe.

1993 • 243 citations

Evidence for Estrogen-Receptive GABAergic Neurons in the Preoptic/Anterior Hypothalamic Area of the Rat Brain

1986 • 239 citations

Neuroendocrine Regulation of GnRH Release in Induced Ovulators

2000 • 237 citations

Distribution of Estrogen Receptor-Immunoreactive Cells in the Preoptic Area of the Ewe: Co-Localization with Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase but Not Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone

1993 • 226 citations

Detection of Estrogen Receptor α and β Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in Adult Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons1

1999 • 222 citations

Effects of Discrete Lesions of Preoptic and Suprachiasmatic Structures in the Female Rat

1980 • 219 citations

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of human vesicular glutamate transporter 3

2002 • 216 citations

Migratory arrest of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in transgenic mice.

1991 • 214 citations

Estrogen receptor beta mediates rapid estrogen actions on gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in vivo.

2003 • 210 citations

Organization and regulation of sexually dimorphic neuroendocrine pathways

1998 • 206 citations

Molecular and Functional Analysis of a Novel Neuronal Vesicular Glutamate Transporter

2001 • 202 citations

Estradiol-17 beta and mu-opioid peptides rapidly hyperpolarize GnRH neurons: a cellular mechanism of negative feedback?

1995 • 196 citations

Evidence That the Mediobasal Hypothalamus Is the Primary Site of Action of Estradiol in Inducing the Preovulatory Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Surge in the Ewe¹

1998 • 193 citations

Differential Interaction of the Methoxychlor Metabolite 2,2-Bis-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-Trichloroethane with Estrogen Receptors α and β1

1999 • 188 citations

Estrogen Directly Represses Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Gene Expression in Estrogen Receptor-α (ERα)- and ERβ-Expressing GT1–7 GnRH Neurons1

1999 • 167 citations

Estrogen Receptor β Mediates Rapid Estrogen Actions on Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone NeuronsIn Vivo

2003 • 163 citations

Stimulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Surges by Estrogen. I. Role of Hypothalamic Progesterone Receptors

2000 • 160 citations

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and NMDA Receptor Gene Expression and Colocalization Change during Puberty in Female Rats

1996 • 159 citations

Regulation of Progesterone Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Rat Medial Preoptic Nucleus by Estrogenic and Antiestrogenic Compounds: Anin SituHybridization Study

1997 • 158 citations

Oestrogen Receptor β‐Immunoreactivity in Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone‐Expressing Neurones: Regulation by Oestrogen

2001 • 138 citations

Distribution of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter-2 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid and Protein in the Septum-Hypothalamus of the Rat

2003 • 136 citations

Late postnatal reorganization of GABA_A receptor signalling in native GnRH neurons

2000 • 133 citations

Anatomical Substrates of Hypothalamic Integration

2004 • 128 citations

Evidence for Oestrogen Receptor α‐Immunoreactivity in Gonadotrophin‐Releasing Hormone‐Expressing Neurones

1999 • 123 citations

Neural signals that regulate GnRH neurones directly during the oestrous cycle

2001 • 123 citations

Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Release in the Preoptic Area of Rats during the Positive Feedback Actions of Estradiol on LH Release

1992 • 118 citations

Estrogen-receptive neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus are synaptic targets of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and peri-suprachiasmatic region

1995 • 118 citations

In SituHybridization Histochemistry for Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) Encoding Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH): Effect of Estrogen on Cellular Levels of GnRH mRNA in Female Rat Brain

1988 • 113 citations

Control of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone pulse generation in nonhuman primates

1995 • 108 citations

Activation of estrogen receptor β is a prerequisite for estrogen‐dependent upregulation of nitric oxide synthases in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes

2001 • 108 citations

Evidence for direct estrogen regulation of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene.

1991 • 106 citations

Further evidence that preoptic anterior hypothalamic GABAergic neurons are part of the GnRH pulse and surge generator

1988 • 103 citations

Regulation of Pro-Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene Expression by Sex Steroids in The Brain of Male and Female Rats

1989 • 103 citations

Identification of a major up-stream transcription start site for the human progonadotropin-releasing hormone gene used in reproductive tissues and cell lines.

1993 • 96 citations

Effects of estrogen and progesterone on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone messenger ribonucleic acid levels: consideration of temporal and neuroanatomical variables.

1995 • 95 citations

Estradiol stimulates preoptic area-anterior hypothalamic proGnRH-GAP gene expression in ovariectomized rats

1989 • 94 citations

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene Expression during the Rat Estrous Cycle: Effects of Pentobarbital and Ovarian Steroids*

1990 • 94 citations

Periventricular Preoptic Area Neurons Coactivated with Luteinizing Hormone (LH)-Releasing Hormone (LHRH) Neurons at the Time of the LH Surge Are LHRH Afferents*

1999 • 93 citations

Do gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone neurons express estrogen receptors in the rainbow trout? A double immunohistochemical study

1995 • 91 citations

Distribution of Estrogen Receptor-Immunoreactive Cells in Monkey Hypothalamus: Relationship to Neurones Containing Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone and Tyrosine Hydroxylase

1995 • 88 citations

Several GABAA receptor subunits are expressed in LHRH neurons of juvenile female rats1This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, HD25123 (S.R.O.), P30 Population Center Grant HD18185 and RR00163 for the operation of the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center.1

1998 • 88 citations

Preoptic rather than Mediobasal Hypothalamic Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Release Regulates GnRH Secretion during the Estrogen-Induced LH Surge in the Ovariectomized Rat

1995 • 88 citations

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons, NMDA receptors, and their regulation by steroid hormones across the reproductive life cycle

2001 • 81 citations

Further Evidence that Most Luteinizing Hormone‐Releasing Hormone Neurons are not Directly Estrogen‐Responsive: Simultaneous Localization of Luteinizing Hormone‐Releasing Hormone and Estrogen Receptor Immunoreactivity in the Guinea‐Pig Brain

1992 • 81 citations

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons: Mechanism of pulsatile LHRH release

2001 • 80 citations

Estrogen-concentrating cells within cell groups of the medial preoptic area: sex differences and co-localization with galanin-immunoreactive cells

1992 • 80 citations

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene expression is increased in the medial basal hypothalamus of postmenopausal women.

1996 • 79 citations

Steroid binding and metabolism in the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-producing neuronal cell line GT1-1.

1994 • 79 citations

Glutamatergic Signaling through theN-Methyl-<scp>d</scp>-Aspartate Receptor Directly Activates Medial Subpopulations of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH) Neurons, But Does Not Appear to Mediate the Effects of Estradiol on LHRH Gene Expression

2002 • 72 citations

Expression of Functional Estrogen Receptors and Galanin Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Immortalized Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Neurons: Estrogenic Control of Galanin Gene Expression

1998 • 72 citations

Medial Preoptic Microimplants of the Antiestrogen, Keoxifene, Affect Luteinizing Hormone‐Releasing Hormone mRNA Levels, Median Eminence Luteinizing Hormone‐Releasing Hormone Concentrations and Luteinizing Hormone Release in Ovariectomized, Estrogen‐Treated Rats

1989 • 72 citations

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the rhesus macaque are not immunoreactive for the estrogen receptor

1995 • 69 citations

The role of glutamate and nitric oxide in the reproductive neuroendocrine system

2000 • 67 citations

Oestrogen Receptor‐α‐Immunoreactive Neurones Project to the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of the Female Syrian Hamster

1999 • 65 citations

Differential Effects of Estrogen on Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Gene Expression in Slice Explant Cultures Prepared from Specific Rat Forebrain Regions

1989 • 65 citations

Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Neuronal System during the Estrous Cycle of the Female Rat:

1986 • 63 citations

Age‐Related Changes in Hypothalamic Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone and N‐Methyl‐<scp>d</scp>‐Aspartate Receptor Gene Expression, and their Regulation by Oestrogen, in the Female Rat

2002 • 60 citations

Stimulation of Luteinizing Hormone Release after Stereotaxic Microinjection of Neurotensin into the Medial Preoptic Area of Rats

1984 • 59 citations

Identification of glutamate receptor subtype mRNAs in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in rat brain

1996 • 57 citations

Profiling γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;) Receptor Subunit mRNA Expression in Postnatal Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neurons of the Male Mouse with Single Cell RT-PCR

2001 • 55 citations

Expression of Glutamate Receptor Subunit mRNAs in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons during the Sexual Maturation of the Female Rat

1997 • 55 citations

Oestrogen positive feedback stimulates the synthesis of LHRH mRNA in neurones of the rostral diencephalon of the rat

1990 • 54 citations

Stimulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Surges by Estrogen. II. Role of Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate

2000 • 53 citations

Estrogen Induces Neurotensin/Neuromedin N Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in a Preoptic Nucleus Essential for the Preovulatory Surge of Luteinizing Hormone in the Rat*

1989 • 53 citations

Activation-dependent regulation of galanin gene expression in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the female rat.

1994 • 51 citations

Temporal Patterns of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH), c-fos, and Galanin Gene Expression in GnRH Neurons Relative to the Luteinizing Hormone Surge in the Rat

1998 • 48 citations

Estrogen negatively regulates rat gonadotropin releasing hormone (rGnRH) promoter activity in transfected placental cells

1992 • 43 citations

Multiple transcription start sites for the GnRH gene in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys: a non-human primate model for studying GnRH gene regulation

1996 • 42 citations

Regulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone secretion by hypothalamic amino acids.

1994 • 40 citations

Regulation of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 and 67 Gene Expression by Ovarian Steroids: Identification of Two Functionally Distinct Populations of GABA Neurones in the Preoptic Area

2002 • 39 citations

Steroid Hormone Regulation and Tissue-Specific Expression of the Human GnRH Gene in Cell Culture and Transgenic Animals

1994 • 38 citations

The Effects of the Phytoestrogen, Coumestrol, on Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone (GnRH) mRNA Expression in GT1‐7 GnRH Neurones

2003 • 35 citations

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression Changes before the Onset of the Estradiol-Induced Luteinizing Hormone Surge in the Ewe¹

1998 • 35 citations

Effect of Estrogen on Hypothalamic Transforming Growth Factor Alpha and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene Expression in the Female Rhesus Monkey

1998 • 35 citations

Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor-immunoreactive cells are not co-localized with gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain of the female mink ( Mustela vison )

1997 • 34 citations

Characterization of Multiple Promoters Directing Tissue-Specific Expression of the Human Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene

1997 • 33 citations

Hypothalamic control of gonadotropin secretion

2002 • 31 citations

Neuroendocrine Mechanisms Underlying the Control of Gonadotropin Secretion by Steroids

1998 • 30 citations

Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) controls anterior pituitary hormone secretion.

1986 • 29 citations

Evidence for estrogen receptor-mediated regulation of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone promoter activity in human placental cells

1996 • 27 citations

Effects of Preoptic Microinjection of Neurotensin on Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Unanesthetized Ovariectomized Rats with or without Estrogen Priming

1987 • 27 citations

Ovarian Steroids Differentially Modulate the Gene Expression of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuronal Subtypes in the Ovariectomized Cynomolgus Monkey

2003 • 26 citations

Commentary on the use of immortalized neuroendocrine cell lines for physiological research

1997 • 22 citations

Neurotensin Gene Expression Increases during Proestrus in the Rostral Medial Preoptic Nucleus: Potential for Direct Communication with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons*

2001 • 21 citations

Localized Changes in LHRH mRNA Levels as Cellular Correlates of the Positive Feedback Effects of Estrogen on LHRH Neurons

1993 • 21 citations

Estrogen modulates norepinephrine-induced accumulation of adenosine cyclic monophosphate in a subpopulation of immortalized luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone secreting neurons from the mouse hypothalamus

2001 • 21 citations

Neurotransmitter regulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neuronal function.

1994 • 21 citations

The Transcription of the&lt;e1&gt;h&lt;/e1&gt;GnRH-I and&lt;e1&gt;h&lt;/e1&gt;GnRH-II Genes in Human Neuronal Cells is Differentially Regulated by Estrogen

2002 • 19 citations

Identification of negative and positive estrogen response elements in human GnRH upstream promoter in the placental JEG-3 cells

2001 • 17 citations

The neurochemistry of the GnRH pulse generator

1996 • 17 citations

Neurotensin Gene Expression in the Rat Preoptic Area

1992 • 12 citations

Characterization of Multiple Promoters Directing Tissue-Specific Expression of the Human Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene¹

1997 • 11 citations

The Estradiol-Induced Luteinizing Hormone Surge in the Ewe is not Associated with Increased Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Levels1

1997 • 9 citations

Role of Extra‐Ovarian Oestrogens in the Regulation of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone mRNA Expression in the Rat Brain

2001 • 7 citations